Objective:To analyze the efficacies of unilateral biportal endoscopy(UBE)and percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy(PETD)in treatment of lumbar disc herniation(LDH),and to explore the optimal selection of minimally invasive surgical approaches for the The LDH patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 64 LDH patients who underwent surgery at Liwan Central Hospital of Guangzhou City in Guangdong Province,between January 2020 and June 2024.The surgical approaches were determined through physician-patient communication,and the patients were divided into UBE group(n=30)and PETD group(n=34).The materials of patients were recorded including gender,age,body mass index(BMI),percentages of affected segments,course of disease,duration of hospitalization,operation duration,intraoperative blood loss,numbers of intraoperative fluoroscopy,total incision length,and time to full weight-bearing(WB).The therapeutic outcomes were evaluated using Oswestry disability index(ODI),Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores for low back pain and leg pain,MacNab criteria,and spinal canal areas at the affected segment.the postoperative complications of the patients in two groups were analyzed.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in age,gender composition ratio,BMI,course of disease,and percentages of affected segments of the patients between UBE group and PETD group(P＞0.05).Compared with PETD group,the intraoperative blood loss,total incision length,and time to full WB of the patients in UBE group were significantly increase(P＜0.01),while the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy time was decreased(P＜0.01).Compared with pre-operation,the ODI scores and VAS scores for low back and leg pain of the patients at final follow-up in both groups were decreased(P＜0.01),and the spinal canal areas at the affected segments of the patients were increased(P＜0.01).At final follow-up,compared with PETD group,the ODI score and VAS scores for low back and leg pain of patients in UBE group were decreased(P＜0.01),while the spinal canal areas at the affected segments of the patients was increased(P＜0.01).According to MacNab criteria,the percentages of excellent and good had no significant difference between two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of complication showed no statistical difference between two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion:Both UBE and PETD yield satisfactory outcomes in the treatment of single-segment LDH.PETD is less invasive and permits earlier time to full WB,whereas UBE provides more extensive decompression and superior long-term efficacy.The surgical approach selection should be individualized based on specific factors in the clinic.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of hip gouty arthritis.Methods Retrospective analysis of cases of gouty arthritis from 2014 January to 2017 March was conducted.Patients with gouty arthritis were divided into hip joint group and common joint group (without invaded hip) and hip joint group was further divided into acute group and chronic group.Clinical data of each group were compared.Results Compared with common joint group,hip joint group usually combined with obesity or previous ipsilateral hip trauma history.Male patients in hip joint group were younger and the patients with unilateral hip involvement were without obvious local swelling,heat and pain.CT scan and sonography can provide assistance for early diagnosis and operation or pathological diagnosis was needed for the confirmation when necessary.Conclusions Hip gouty arthritis lacks specific diagnostic criteria in clinic,and is easily confused with other diseases associated with hip.Therefore,the possibility of the hip gouty arthritis should be taken into consideration when the diagnosis of the hip disease is not clear.

Objective In the present study, we investigated the effects of advanced oxidation protein products(AOPP) on reactive oxygen species(ROS) production in murine osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway. Methods Experiments were divided into three groups, including control group, rats albumin(RSA) group, and AOPP group. Different concentrations of AOPP were added to the osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells culture medium. The production of ROS in MC3T3-E1 cells was measured by the fluorescence intensity of intracellular fluoroprobe ( DCFD ) . In order to verify the effect of enzyme of the production of ROS, the specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells which were cultured in the medium with AOPP. Finally, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to observe the changes of NADPH oxidase enzymes subunits. Results Different concentrations of AOPP (50,100,200μg/ml) induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS. The higher concentrations of AOPP were added, the more ROS were produced. Furthermore,200μg/ml AOPP induced the maximum amount of ROS production(P<0. 05). Meanwhile, AOPP induced MC3T3-E1 cells to produce different amount of ROS with a time-dependent manner. The peak amount of ROS production in MC3T3-E1 cells was observed in 3h when AOPP were added (P<0. 05). In addition, when specific inhibitors of corresponding enzymes were added in the MC3T3-E1 cells, the production of ROS were significantly suppressed by C-SOD, DPI, and apocynin(P<0. 05). On the other hand, AOPP can up-regulate the expression of Nox4 protein of the MC3T3-E1 cells, which is one of the subunits of NADPH oxidase enzymes. Meanwhile, AOPP can also induce the membrane migration of p47phox subunit. Conclusion AOPP induces osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells to produce ROS by NADPH oxidase enzymes pathway, and which may be one of the pathogenesis of AOPP involved in osteoporosis.

BACKGROUND:With the deepening of bone tissue engineering research and bone metabolism understanding, it is a hotspot to analyze the blood supply and nutritional status of tissue-engineered bone.
OBJECTIVE:To compare different methods for evaluating smal vascular network distribution around the knee joint in rats in order to provide a guideline for the study of microvascular network in tissue-engineered bone.
METHODS:Eighteen Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups, with six rats in each group. Three commonly methods were used to evaluate the smal vascular network around the knee joint in rats:immunohistochemistry analysis, angiography analysis, and CT scans and reconstruction analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The microstructure of vascular network could be observed by immunohistochemistry, but the spatial distribution of vessels could not be evaluated. The spatial distribution of vessels could be showed by angiography and CT scans. However, some of micro vessels were showed unclearly by CT scans. The number of blood vessels detected by immunohistochemistry was (26.50±3.02) vessels, significantly higher than those detected by angiography and CT scans that were (14.12±1.47) and (9.00±1.79) vessels, respectively. Combination of immunohistochemistry and angiography can evaluate the microvascular network at microscopic and macroscopic levels, which can provide the whole information of the vascular network.