Radiation induced lung injury is a common complication of radiation therapy, typically characterized by the involvement of lung parenchyma.The radiation sensitivity of the trachea and bronchi is lower than that of the lung parenchyma, and the damage to the airways is usually not apparent for most patients using the standard radiation dose. The escalation of radiotherapy dose and the utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been shown to enhance local tumor control. However, there is a growing concern regarding the development of radiation-induced airway disease (RIAD), which encompasses central airway stenosis, atelectasis, obstructive pneumonia, airway-wall necrosis, severe airway toxicity, and potentially life-threatening complications. This article presents the latest research advancements regarding the incidence, pathophysiological alterations, injury classification, preventive strategies, and treatment approaches of RIAD.

Radiation induced lung injury is a common complication of radiation therapy, typically characterized by the involvement of lung parenchyma.The radiation sensitivity of the trachea and bronchi is lower than that of the lung parenchyma, and the damage to the airways is usually not apparent for most patients using the standard radiation dose. The escalation of radiotherapy dose and the utilization of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been shown to enhance local tumor control. However, there is a growing concern regarding the development of radiation-induced airway disease (RIAD), which encompasses central airway stenosis, atelectasis, obstructive pneumonia, airway-wall necrosis, severe airway toxicity, and potentially life-threatening complications. This article presents the latest research advancements regarding the incidence, pathophysiological alterations, injury classification, preventive strategies, and treatment approaches of RIAD.

Objective:To investigate the effects of oxycodone multimodal analgesia on quality of awakening and hemodynamics in patients undergoing laparoscopic gynaecological surgery.Methods:Ninety patients who underwent laparoscopic ovarian cyst removal in Weihai Central Hospital from September 2018 to March 2019 were included in this study. They were randomly divided into observation and control groups, with 45 patients in each group. Both groups were given intravenous flurbiprofen axetil (1 mg/kg) for preemptive analgesia. Combined intravenous and inhalation anesthesia was used. The depth of anesthesia was monitored. The observation group was intravenously given 0.10 mg/kg oxycodone and the control group was intravenously given 5 μg sufentanil. Quality of awakening, hemodynamic indexes, postoperative pain score, and incidences of nausea and vomiting were compared between the two groups.Results:Cough score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(1.1 ± 0.4) points vs. (1.7 ± 0.7) points, t = -4.99, P < 0.05]. Ramsay Sedation Scale score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(3.6 ± 1.0) points vs. (2.8 ± 0.8) points, t = 7.44, P < 0.05]. At 0 (T 1) and 5 minutes (T 2) after extubation, systolic blood pressure in the observation group was (117.7 ± 18.2) mmHg and (118.1 ± 16.2) mmHg, respectively, which were significantly lower than (134.2 ± 16.2) mmHg and (134.5 ± 15.2) mmHg in the control group ( t =-4.54, -4.95, both P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of nausea and vomiting between the two groups (both P > 0.05). At 6 and 12 hours after surgery, visual analogue scale score in the observation group was (2.5 ± 0.8) points and (1.1 ± 0.5) points, respectively, which were significantly lower than (3.4 ± 0.9) points and (1.9 ± 0.8) points in the control group ( t = 5.01, -5.68, both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Oxycodone multimodal analgesia for laparoscopic gynaecological surgery can improve the quality of awakening, decrease systolic blood pressure, reduce the degree of postoperative pain, and does not increase the incidences of postoperative nausea and vomiting.