Objective To investigate the effect of levocarnitine combined with hemodialysis on nerve conduction velocity and quality of life in patients with uremic peripheral neuropathy. Methods A total of 71 patients with uremic peripheral neuropathy were randomly divided into two groups according to the random number table. 35 patients in the control group were treated with hemodialysis. The observation group (36 cases) was treated with hemodialysis and levocarnitine. The sensory nerve conduction velocity in the median nerve, the tibial nerve and peroneal nerve, and clinical efficacy and quality of life (QOL) score in the two groups were compared. Results The rate of nerve conduction in the observation group was significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 88.89% (32/36) in the observation group, which was higher than 68.57% (24/35) in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of QOL in the observation groups was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The combination of levocarnitine and hemodialysis can improve the nerve conduction velocity and quality of life in patients with uremic peripheral neuropathy.