Humans ; East Asian People ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vitiligo/epidemiology*

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and compliance of early-onset gout patients by case-control analysis.Methods:A total of 111 early-onset patients (onset age ≤35 years old) were included as Group A, and 111 non-early-onset patients (onset age >35 years old) with matched disease durationwere included as Group B. The differences ofclinical characteristics, causes of acute gout attack, dairy diet habits, compliance, and misunderstanding of the disease were compared.Results:Compared with the non-early-onsetgoutpatients, the early-onset patients had a higher proportion of obesity (63 cases vs 28 cases), family history (36 cases vs 20 cases) and tophus (39 cases vs 23 cases) and higher level of VAS scores (8.5±1.3 vs 7.6±1.7; χ2=22.988, P<0.01; χ2=5.749, P=0.016; χ2=5.729, P=0.017; t=4.639, P<0.01), lowerproportionof the first metatarsophalangeal joint involvement as the initial joint involvement (45.9%, 51 cases vs 59.4%, 66 cases; χ2=4.066, P=0.044), higher proportion of the ankle involvement as the initial joint involvement (34.2%, 38 cases vs 21.6%, 24 cases; χ2=4.386, P=0.036), higher proportion of alcohol drinkers and high fructose drinkers, which was more likely to relate to alcohol intake, strenuous exercise and high fructose intakeas trigger of the flare ( χ2=6.513, P=0.011; χ2=7.126, P=0.008; χ2=1.978, P=0.160), while the proportion of regular exercisers and on diet in the family was lower ( χ2=22.887, P<0.01; t=-4.917, P<0.01). The proportion of poor diet and medication compliance in Group A was higher than that in Group B(57.7%, 64 cases vs 38.7%, 43 cases; χ2=5.207, P=0.022; χ2=5.867, P=0.015). As for the reason for poor treatment compliance, early-onset gout patients were more worry about the side-effects of drugs than non-early onset patients ( χ2=4.190, P=0.041). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the main misunderstanding of gout. Conclusion:Although early onset gout patients are young, their condition is more serious, and compliance is poorer, this group of patients should be highly valued in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To provide a system for warning, preventing and controlling emerging infectious diseases from a macroscopic perspective, using the COVID-19 epidemic data and effective distance model. Methods The dates of hospitalization/isolation treatment of the first confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the cumulative numbers of confirmed cases in different provinces in China reported as of 23 February, 2020 were collected. The Location Based Service (LBS) big data platform of 'Baidu Migration' was employed to obtain the data of the proportion of the floating population from Wuhan to all parts of the country. Effective distance models and linear regression models were established to analyze the relationship between the effective distance and the arrival time of the epidemic as well as the number of cumulative confirmed cases at provincial and municipal levels. Results The arrival time of the epidemic and the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 had significant linear relationship at both provincial and municipal levels in China, and the regression coefficients of each linear model were significant ( P <0.001). At the provincial level, the effective distance could explain about 71% of the variation of the model with arrival time along with around 90% of the variation for the model in the cumulative confirmed case magnitude; at the municipal level, the effective distance could explain about 66% of the variation for the model in arrival time, and about 85% of the variation of the model with the cumulative confirmed case magnitude. Conclusions The fitting degree of the models are good. The LBS big data and effective distance model can be used to estimate the track, time and extent of epidemic spread to provide useful reference for early warning, prevention and control of emerging infectious diseases.

Objective To assess the value of non-invasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for the detection of fetal chromosome 16 aneuploidy through multi-method verification and follow-up of pregnancy outcomes.Methods From January 2016 to December 2017,7972 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies accepted the NIPS test after 10th gestational week with informed consent.Those with fetal chromosome 16 abnormality suggestive by the NIPS test were subjectedto prenatal diagnosis including chromosomal karyotyping and chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA).Results Of the 7972 pregnant women tested by NIPS,16 (0.2％) were predicted to have fetal chromosome 16 abnormality.The average age of the 16 pregnant women was 33.5 + 5.24,and the average gestational week was 19.88 ± 2.47.Chromosomal karyotyping verified that 3 fetuses had mosaicisms and 1 carried pericentric inversion of chromosome 9,which yielded a positive predictive value (PPV) of 18.8％.CMA has detected 7 fetuses with genomic abnormalities,which yielded a PPV of 43.8％.Eleven of the 16 women (68.8％) have given birth to healthy babies.Conclusion For pregnant women with a high risk of chromosome 16 aneuploidy suggested by NIPS,the prognosis of fetus should be evaluated by multiple methods.Compared with conventional karyotyping analysis,molecular methods such as CMA are far superior.

Objective To establish a quality control method for bomeol and artificial musk in Xinfufang-Zhenzhusan and Xinfufang-Zhenzhugao.Methods We used petroleum ether-toluene-ethyl acetate (9:3:2)as developer for TLC to identify isoborneol and borneol and petroleum ether-dichloromethane (2:3) as developer for TLC to identificate musk ketone.Agilent 7890 B gas chromatograph,FDI detector;Column:Thermo-TG-WaxMS GC (0.25 mm × 30 m,0.25 mm) was employed;the carrier gas was high purity nitrogen and flow rate for 1 mg/ml,the injection port temperature is 200 C and detector temperature is 250 ℃;the split ratio is 10:1 and injection volume was 1 μl,using temperature programmed.Results The isoborneol,borneol and musk ketone in the range of 0.001-10 mg/ml showed good linearity.The recovery of the method is in the range of 95 ％ to 105 ％.The TLC for isobomeol,bomeol,musk ketone can be identified easily.Conclusions The method was simple and reasonable,which can be used for the quality control of borneol and artificial musk in the Xinfufang-Zhenzhusan and Xinfufang-Zhenzhugao.

Objective To systematically evaluate the application effect of the quality control circle(QCC)in the complications after PICC catheterization.Methods The randomized controlled trials(RCTs)on the application effect of QCC after PICC catheter-ization were retrieved from the Cochane library,PubMed,EMBASE,Chinese Biomedical literature Database(CBM),China Academic Journal Full-text Database(CNKI),VIP and Wangfang Database by computer.The literatures were selected according to the inclu-sion and exclusion criteria.The two valuators independently retrieved and screened the literatures,extracted the data,evaluated the methodological quality of included literatures and conducted the cross check.Then the meta analysis was performed by using Rev-Man 5.3 software.Results A total of 7 914 articles were retrieved,finally 14 RCTs were included,involving 2 728 patients.The oc-currence rates of phlebitis,catheter obstruction,unplanned extubation and catheter-related blood flow infection in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(OR=0.28,95% CI:0.16-0.48,P<0.01;OR=0.27,95% CI:0.17-0.42,P<0.01,OR=0.27,95% CI:0.18 -0.39,P<0.01;OR=0.25,95% CI:0.13 -0.49,P<0.01).Conclusion Using QCC is conducive to reduce the complication incidence rate after PICC catheterization.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 4 residual organic solvents such as ethanol,dichloromethane,isopropanol and ethyl acetate in lacidipine raw material.METHODS:GC method was adopted.The determination was performed on DB-624 capillary column at the rate of 2.0 mL/min using nitrogen gas as carrier and FID as the detector by temperature programming.The temperature of detector was set at 250 ℃.Carries gas was nitrogen.The split ratio was 10 ∶ 1.The sample size was 10 μL.RESULTS:The linear ranges of ethanol,dichloromethane,isopropanol and ethyl acetate were 0.259 5-2.076 mg/mL (r=0.999 6),0.055 3-0.316 mg/mL (r=0.999 2),0.342 3-1.956 mg/mL (r=0.999 5),0.370 6-2.118 mg/mL(r=0.999 4),respectively.The limits of quantification were 2.96,2.24,4.4,4.44 μg/mL,and the detection limits were 0.887,0.672,1.3,1.32 μg/ mL,respectively.RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 4.0％.The recoveries were 95.00％-101.17％ (RSD=2.19％,n=9),96.22％-104.53％ (RSD=3.27％,n=9),96.20％-104.90％ (RSD=2.41％,n=9),95.60 ％-104.48 ％ (RSD=2.85 ％,n=9).CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,sensitive and reliable,and is suitable for simultaneous determination of 4 residual organic solvents in lacidipine raw material.

Objective:To explore the predictive value of serum thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) for recurrence / metastasisin of thyroglobulin (TG)-negative and TgAb-positive patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC) after thyroid ablation.Methods:The clinical data of 57 patients with DTC,undergoing complete resection of thyroid tissue,TG negative and TgAb positive,who were reviewed in Liaocheng People's Hospital during April 2013 to April 2015,were selected and divided into recurrence/metastasis group (n=20) and no recurrence/metastasis group (n=37).The TG and TgAb levels in the two groups were detected and compared by the electrochemical luminescence method,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value of TgAb in the diagnosis of DTC recurrence / metastasis were analyzed;the independent risk factors of DTC recurrence / metastasis were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results:The TgAb levels(72～3850 IU/mL) in the recurrence/metastasis group was higher than that(18～3638 IU/mL) in the no recurrence/metastasis group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative preictive value of TgAb in the diagnosis of recurrence/metastasis of DTC were 85.71％,83.33％,75.00％,90.91％,respectively.Logistic Regression analysis showed that the 100≤ TgAb ＜204 IU/mL,204≤ TgAb≤ 1000IU/mL,and ＞ 1000IU/rnL levels of TgAb were the independent risk factors of rucurrence/metastasis ofDTC (OR=1.267,2.853,6.791,P＜0.05).Conclusion:TgAb can be used as evaluation of an important index of the recurrence/metastasis of patients with DTC when serum thyroglobulin (TG) was negative and TgAb was positive after thyroid ablation.The higher the TgAb levels,the more probability of the recurrence/metastasis.

Objective: To analyze the current status of anticoagulant therapy for in-hospital patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) at county hospitals of China and to explore the relationship between anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes in real medical environment. Methods: 99 county hospitals from15 provinces of China were selected for this prospective registry study and 12373 eligible ACS patients without interventional therapy admitted from 2011-09 to 2014-06 were enrolled. The basic condition, previous history, initial assessment, anticoagulants (unfractionated heparin/low molecular weight heparin) application, severe bleeding events and in-hospital mortality were collected in all patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between anticoagulant therapy and clinical outcomes including in-hospital mortality, severe bleeding events and combined endpoints; meanwhile, possible confounders were adjusted. Results: A total of 9985/12373 ACS patients received anticoagulant therapy and 2388 did not. Anticoagulant therapy was conducted in 92.7% (4237/4570) patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), 90.8% (1639/1805) with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and 68.5% (4109/5998) with unstable angina (UA); there were differences by regions and genders,P<0.01and no difference by age. Multivariable analysis indicated that anticoagulant therapy decreased the risk of in-hospital mortality in ACS patients at 53% (OR= 0.47, 95% CI 0.36-0.62), such reduction in STEMI patients was at 55% (OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.32-0.64), in NSTEMI patients was at 58% (OR=0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.75); while it had no real effect in UA patients,P>0.05. Meanwhile, it did not increase the risk of severe bleeding events in ACS patients,P>0.05. Conclusion: Anticoagulant therapy has been widely used in STEMI and NSTEMI patients at county hospitals of China and obviously decreased the in-hospital mortality; while the application rate was relatively low in UA patients. The general safety of anticoagulant therapy has been good in ACS patients.

Objective To explore the foresight nursing combined with evidence-based nursing of care quality and patients′ satisfaction in the Operating Room, and provide a reference to improve the quality of nursing. Methods A total of 224 patients in the operating room were divided into control group (n=112) and observation group (n=112). The patients of control group implemented conventional nursing, and the patients of observation group implemented foresight nursing combined with evidence-based nursing. The care quality and patients′satisfaction of two groups were compared. Results After intervention, the scores of health education, professional skill, service attitude and speech communication were better than those before intervention ( P<0. 05). The patients′satisfaction of observation group were higher than those in the control group(93. 75% vs 79. 47%,P<0. 05). Conclusions The foresight nursing combined evidence-based nursing can improve care quality and patients′satisfaction.