ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the mechanism by which Yishen Huoxue Tongqiao Formula improves metabolism-neuroplasticity and treats unilateral vestibular labyrinth destruction by regulating the metabolic balance of glutamate （Glu）/γ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）. Methods48 Sprague-Dawley （SD） adult rats were randomly divided into the sham operation group， model group， Yishen Huoxue Tongqiao Formula groups with low， medium， and high doses （9.20， 18.39， 36.78 g·kg^-1）， and betahistine group （1.62 mg·kg^-1）. A unilateral vestibular labyrinth destruction （vestibular dysfunction） model was established by intratympanic injection of chloroform into the right ear， while the control group received intratympanic injection of normal saline. Drugs were administered once daily for seven consecutive days. During the period， behavioral tests were performed to evaluate the behaviors of rats after unilateral vestibular labyrinth destruction. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were used to observe the neuronal morphology in the medial vestibular nucleus. Golgi staining was employed to assess the number of dendritic spines of neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-ESI-MS/MS） was utilized to detect Glu/GABA. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expressions of neuronal nuclei （NeuN）， growth-associated protein 43 （GAP-43）， and glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）. Western blot and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were applied to determine the expressions of glutamate-immunoreactive （Glu-IR）， GABA， GFAP， postsynaptic density protein 95 （PSD-95）， and GAP-43. ResultsCompared with the sham operation group， the model group presented with head deviation， balance disorder， increased tail suspension score， nuclear consolidation of medial vestibular nerve neurons， and decreased Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The number of dendritic spines in neurons and NeuN-positive cells decreased. The content of Glu decreased. The content of GABA increased （Glu/GABA decreased）. The expression of GAP-43 was down-regulated， and GFAP was up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of Glu-IR， PSD-95， and GAP-43 proteins， as well as Glu-IR mRNA decreased， while the expressions of GABA and GFAP proteins and mRNA increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with those in the model group， the head deviation， imbalanced behavior， and tail suspension scores in each treatment group decreased， with alleviated neuronal injury and recovered Nissl bodies （P<0.01）. The number of dendritic spines of neurons increased， and the number of NeuN-positive cells rebounded. The content of Glu increased， and the content of GABA decreased （Glu/GABA increased）. GFAP was down-regulated， and GAP-43 was up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The expressions of Glu-IR， PMD-95， and GAP-43 proteins， as well as Glu-IR mRNA increased， while the expressions of GABA and GFAP proteins and mRNA decreased. The effect was more significant in the high-dose group （P<0.01）. ConclusionThe Yishen Huoxue Tongqiao Formula can alleviate vestibular dysfunction， and its mechanism may be associated with regulating the metabolic balance of Glu/GABA， mitigating neural damage， improving synaptic plasticity （promoting GAP-43 expression and inhibiting GFAP expression）， and facilitating vestibular compensation.

Poloxamer， as a non-ionic surfactant， exhibits a unique triblock [polyethylene oxide-poly （propylene oxide）-polyethylene oxide] structure， which endows it with broad application potential in various fields， including solid dispersion technology， nanotechnology， gel technology， biologics， gene engineering and 3D printing. As a carrier， it enhances the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. In the field of nanotechnology， it serves as a stabilizer etc.， enriching preparation methods. In gel technology， its self-assembly behavior and thermosensitive properties facilitate controlled drug release. In biologics， it improves targeting efficiency and reduces side effects. In gene engineering， it enhances delivery efficiency and expression levels. In 3D printing， it provides novel strategies for precise drug release control and the production of high-quality biological products. As a versatile material， poloxamer holds promising prospects in the pharmaceutical field.

Objective:This article reports a case of right sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. The patient was admitted to the hospital with symptoms of persistent nasal obstruction in both nostrils. Nasal endoscopy revealed the presence of new growths in the right nasal cavity and nasopharynx. Sinus CT imaging showed that the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx were filled with soft tissue density shadows, with evidence of bone destruction. Transnasal endoscopic sinonasal surgery was performed, and postoperative pathology, along with immunohistochemical results, confirmed a diagnosis of sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma. This case is analyzed, and relevant literature is reviewed.
Humans ; Carcinosarcoma ; Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms ; Nose Neoplasms ; Male ; Teratoma ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of orexin-A-mediated regulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors for promoting motor function recovery in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHODS: Thirty-six newborn SD rats (aged 7-14 days) were randomized into 6 groups (n=6), including a normal control group, a sham-operated group, and 4 SCI groups with daily intrathecal injection of saline, DNQX, orexin-A, or orexin-A+DNQX for 3 consecutive days after PCI. Motor function of the rats were evaluated using blood-brain barrier (BBB) score and inclined plane test 1 day before and at 1, 3, and 7 days after SCI. For patch-clamp experiment, spinal cord slices from newborn rats in the control, sham-operated, SCI, and SCI+orexin groups were prepared, and ventral horn neurons were acutely isolated to determine the reversal potential and dynamic indicators of glutamate receptor-mediated currents under glutamate perfusion. RESULTS: At 3 and 7 days after SCI, the orexin-A-treated rats showed significantly higher BBB scores and grip tilt angles than those with other interventions. Compared with those treated with DNQX alone, the rats receiving the combined treatment with orexin and DNQX had significantly higher BBB scores and grip tilt angles on day 7 after PCI. In the patch-clamp experiment, the ventral horn neurons from SCI rat models exhibited obviously higher reversal potential and greater rise slope of glutamate current with shorter decay time than those from sham-operated and orexin-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS Orexin-A promotes motor function recovery in rats after SCI possibly by improving the function of the ionotropic glutamate receptors.
Animals ; Spinal Cord Injuries/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Ionotropic Glutamate/metabolism* ; Recovery of Function/drug effects* ; Orexins/pharmacology* ; Male ; Female ; Animals, Newborn ; Neuropeptides/pharmacology* ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/pharmacology*

In modern society, people are increasingly exposed to chronic stress, leading to various mental disorders. However, the activities of brain regions, especially neural firing patterns related to specific behaviors, remain unclear. In this study, we introduce a novel approach, NeuroSync, which integrates open-field behavioral testing with electrophysiological recordings from emotion-related brain regions, specifically the central amygdala and the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, to explore the mechanisms of negative emotions induced by chronic stress in mice. By applying machine vision techniques, we quantified behaviors in the open field, and signal processing algorithms elucidated the neural underpinnings of the observed behaviors. Synchronizing behavioral and electrophysiological data revealed significant correlations between neural firing patterns and stress-related behaviors, providing insights into real-time brain activity underlying behavioral responses. This research combines deep learning and machine learning to synchronize high-resolution video and electrophysiological data, offering new insights into neural-behavioral dynamics under chronic stress conditions.
Animals ; Mice ; Male ; Emotions/physiology* ; Stress, Psychological/physiopathology* ; Action Potentials/physiology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Behavior, Animal/physiology* ; Machine Learning ; Amygdala/physiopathology* ; Neurons/physiology* ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/physiopathology* ; Brain/physiology*

Compared with conventional transdermal drug delivery systems, dissolving microneedles significantly enhance drug bioavailability by penetrating the stratum corneum barrier and achieving intradermal drug delivery. In order to improve the transdermal bioavailability of dexmedetomidine hydrochloride, in this study, a novel microneedle delivery system was developed for dexmedetomidine hydrochloride based on 3D printing combined with micro-molding. By systematically optimizing the microneedle geometrical parameters, array arrangement, and preparation process parameters, we determined the optimal ratio of drug-carrying matrix as 15% PVP (polyvinyl pyrrolidone) K90. The microneedles exhibited significant drug loading gradients, with mean content of (209.99±27.56) μg/patch, (405.31±30.31) μg/patch, and (621.61±34.43) μg/patch. They showed a regular pyramidal structure under SEM and handheld electron microscopy, and their mechanical strength allowed effective penetration into the stratum corneum. The surface contact angles were all < 90°, indicating excellent hydrophilicity. The microneedles dissolved completely within 10 min after skin insertion, achieving a cumulative release rate of 90% (Higuchi model, r=0.996) during 2 hours of in vitro transdermal permeation. The cytotoxicity test and hemolysis test verified good biocompatibility. Pharmacodynamic evaluation showed that the microneedle group demonstrated pain-relieving effect within 15 min, with the pain threshold at the time point of 60 min being 3 times that in the transdermal cream group. The microneedle system developed in this study not only offers an efficient drug delivery option for patients but also establishes an innovative platform for rapid percutaneous delivery of hydrophilic drugs, demonstrating significant potential in perioperative pain management.
Dexmedetomidine/pharmacokinetics* ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Needles ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Administration, Cutaneous ; Animals ; Microinjections/instrumentation* ; Skin Absorption ; Skin/metabolism*

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

In recent years, potato scab caused by Streptomyces scabies is aggravating year by year, becoming an industrial problem urgently to be resolved. Screening antagonistic bacteria with good inhibitory effect and wide adaptability is the main measure to realize effective prevention and control of the disease. This study screened three strains of antagonistic bacteria DXT2-4, T2-1 and 21-14 with good inhibitory effect on S. scabies by using plate standoff test, and identified them as Bacillus altitudinis, Bacillus safensis and Bacillus pumilus, respectively, based on morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA gene sequences. DXT2-4, T2-1 and 21-14 showed the pot control efficacy of 68.83%, 48.57%, and 57.14%, respectively. The field control efficacy of the three strains was 59.48%, 34.58% and 51.75% in Hulun Buir, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and 55.14%, 36.05%, and 49.05% in Huizhou, Guangdong. The three strains could grow normally in the media with pH 1.0-13.0 and with 1%-11% NaCl, and they had inhibitory effects on Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium dahliae, Alternaria solani, and Fusarium oxysporum. The indole-3-acetic acid yields of DXT2-4, T2-1, and 21-14 were 2.23, 1.11, and 1.67 mg/L, respectively. DXT2-4 and 21-14 demonstrated strong abilities to solubilize phosphorus. The optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, and inorganic salt for fermentation of strain DXT2-4 were 2% molasses+2% corn starch, 2% soybean meal, and 0.3% MgSO₄·7H₂O, respectively. These findings suggest the three strains of bacteria can efficiently inhibit the growth of S. scabies and have strong environmental adaptability. Particularly, DXT2-4 has the best effects of inhibiting the disease and promoting plant growth, showing a high development value and broad application prospects, this is of great significance for promoting sustainable potato production and ensuring the environmentally sound utilization of resources.
Streptomyces/metabolism* ; Fermentation ; Plant Diseases/prevention & control* ; Solanum tuberosum/growth & development* ; Bacillus/growth & development* ; Antibiosis