OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Objective:This article aims to investigate the effect of optimized prehospital emergency intervention com-bined with green channel on prehospital delay and prognosis of patients with acute cor pulmonale(ACP).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 116 ACP patients admitted in Hai'an People's Hospital between January 2021 and January 2023.They were divided into control group(n=58,routine emergency nursing procedure)and in-tervention group(n=58,optimized prehospital emergency intervention combined with green channel program).After 1-month intervention,therapeutic effect,emergency indicators,cardiopulmonary function,quality of life and incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:After 1-month,total effective rate of intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group(84.48％vs.62.07％,P=0.006).Com-pared with patients in control group,those in intervention group had significant lower emergency stay time[(19.80±1.90)min vs.(27.92±1.62)min],triage assessment time[(2.01±0.18)min vs.(2.99±0.17)min]and transport time[(33.69±1.90)min vs.(35.91±1.74)min],and significant higher left ventricular ejection frac-tion(LVEF)[(59.85±1.36)％vs.(46.97±1.79)％],forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)[(3.66±0.17)L vs.(3.00±0.17)L],scores of nursing quality and each domain of Quality of Life Instruments for Chro-nic Diseases-Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease(QLICD-CPHD)(P＜0.001 all).Incidence of complications in intervention group was significantly lower than that of control group(5.17％vs.17.24％,P=0.039).Conclusion:Optimized prehospital emergency intervention combined with green channel has significant clinical effect on ACP patients.It could reduce emergency,triage and transport time,improve nursing quality and quality of life,enhance cardiopulmonary function,and reduce the incidence of complications.

Aim To investigate the effect of Rtv(a P-gp inhibitor and inducer)on the pharmacokinetics of Y101(P-gp substrate)via P-gp.Methods In short-term studies,rats received a single dose of Rtv,where-as in long-term studies they received continuous dosing for seven days.Following this treatment,Y101 was o-rally administered to analyze its blood concentration in rats.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Rtv af-fected Y101 pharmacokinetics was investigated through the everted gut sac model(in vitro),cellular uptake studies,and so on.Results Short-term administra-tion of Rtv significantly increased Y101's AUC,liver-to-plasma partition coefficient,the everted gut sac model(in vitro),and cellular accumulation.Although long-term Rtv treatment had no effect on Y101 pharma-cokinetics or hepatic distribution,it markedly reduced Y101 cellular accumulation in Caco-2 cells,concomi-tant with an upregulation of P-gp expression.Conclu-sions Short-term Rtv administration acts as a compet-itive P-gp inhibitor,enhancing Y101 intestinal absorp-tion and hepatic distribution.In contrast,the plasma pharmacokinetics and hepatic distribution of Y101 are not altered after long-term administration of Rtv,po-tentially attributable to Rtv's dual modulatory effects on P-gp involving both induction and inhibition.Hence,the potential Rtv and Y101 interaction should be close-ly monitored in the clinic.

Aim To investigate the effect of Rtv(a P-gp inhibitor and inducer)on the pharmacokinetics of Y101(P-gp substrate)via P-gp.Methods In short-term studies,rats received a single dose of Rtv,where-as in long-term studies they received continuous dosing for seven days.Following this treatment,Y101 was o-rally administered to analyze its blood concentration in rats.Subsequently,the mechanism by which Rtv af-fected Y101 pharmacokinetics was investigated through the everted gut sac model(in vitro),cellular uptake studies,and so on.Results Short-term administra-tion of Rtv significantly increased Y101's AUC,liver-to-plasma partition coefficient,the everted gut sac model(in vitro),and cellular accumulation.Although long-term Rtv treatment had no effect on Y101 pharma-cokinetics or hepatic distribution,it markedly reduced Y101 cellular accumulation in Caco-2 cells,concomi-tant with an upregulation of P-gp expression.Conclu-sions Short-term Rtv administration acts as a compet-itive P-gp inhibitor,enhancing Y101 intestinal absorp-tion and hepatic distribution.In contrast,the plasma pharmacokinetics and hepatic distribution of Y101 are not altered after long-term administration of Rtv,po-tentially attributable to Rtv's dual modulatory effects on P-gp involving both induction and inhibition.Hence,the potential Rtv and Y101 interaction should be close-ly monitored in the clinic.

Objective:This article aims to investigate the effect of optimized prehospital emergency intervention com-bined with green channel on prehospital delay and prognosis of patients with acute cor pulmonale(ACP).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 116 ACP patients admitted in Hai'an People's Hospital between January 2021 and January 2023.They were divided into control group(n=58,routine emergency nursing procedure)and in-tervention group(n=58,optimized prehospital emergency intervention combined with green channel program).After 1-month intervention,therapeutic effect,emergency indicators,cardiopulmonary function,quality of life and incidence of complications were compared between two groups.Results:After 1-month,total effective rate of intervention group was significantly higher than that of control group(84.48％vs.62.07％,P=0.006).Com-pared with patients in control group,those in intervention group had significant lower emergency stay time[(19.80±1.90)min vs.(27.92±1.62)min],triage assessment time[(2.01±0.18)min vs.(2.99±0.17)min]and transport time[(33.69±1.90)min vs.(35.91±1.74)min],and significant higher left ventricular ejection frac-tion(LVEF)[(59.85±1.36)％vs.(46.97±1.79)％],forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)[(3.66±0.17)L vs.(3.00±0.17)L],scores of nursing quality and each domain of Quality of Life Instruments for Chro-nic Diseases-Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease(QLICD-CPHD)(P＜0.001 all).Incidence of complications in intervention group was significantly lower than that of control group(5.17％vs.17.24％,P=0.039).Conclusion:Optimized prehospital emergency intervention combined with green channel has significant clinical effect on ACP patients.It could reduce emergency,triage and transport time,improve nursing quality and quality of life,enhance cardiopulmonary function,and reduce the incidence of complications.

As artificial intelligence technology rapidly advances, its deployment within the medical sector presents substantial ethical challenges. Consequently, it becomes crucial to create a standardized, transparent, and secure framework for processing medical data. This includes setting the ethical boundaries for medical artificial intelligence and safeguarding both patient rights and data integrity. This consensus governs every facet of medical data handling through artificial intelligence, encompassing data gathering, processing, storage, transmission, utilization, and sharing. Its purpose is to ensure the management of medical data adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, while safeguarding patient privacy and data security. Concurrently, the principles of compliance with the law, patient privacy respect, patient interest protection, and safety and reliability are underscored. Key issues such as informed consent, data usage, intellectual property protection, conflict of interest, and benefit sharing are examined in depth. The enactment of this expert consensus is intended to foster the profound integration and sustainable advancement of artificial intelligence within the medical domain, while simultaneously ensuring that artificial intelligence adheres strictly to the relevant ethical norms and legal frameworks during the processing of medical data.
Artificial Intelligence/legislation & jurisprudence* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Computer Security/standards* ; Confidentiality/ethics* ; Informed Consent/ethics*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical effect of transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimlation (TEAS) on perioperative immune function and postoperative recovery in patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: From November 2021 to July 2022, 80 patients with unilateral TKA were selected and divided into TEAS group and sham TEAS group according to different treatment methods. There were 40 patients in TEAS group, including 9 males and 31 females;aged from 61 to 79 years old with an average of (66.90±5.86) years old;body mass index (BMI) ranged from 19.53 to 30.47 kg·m^-2 with an average of (25.34±2.83) kg·m^-2;21 patients on the left side, 19 patients on the right side;according to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA), 30 patients with gradeⅡ, 10 patients with grade Ⅲ;TEAS were administered at the bilateral Hegu (LI4), Neiguan (PC6) and non-operative Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) points from 30 min before anesthesia to the end of operation, the frequency was 2/10 Hz, current intensity was tolerable and/or muscle rhythmic twitches of limbs were performed. There were 40 patients in sham TEAS group, including 9 males and 31 females;aged from 60 to 80 years old with an average of (67.35±4.29) years old;27 patients on the left side and 13 patients on the right side;BMI ranged from 20.02 to 30.09 kg·m^-2 with an average of (25.02±2.23) kg·m^-2;28 patients with gradeⅡand 12 patients with grade Ⅲ according to ASA;Electrodes were attached to the same points without electrical stimulation. Percentage contents of 24 h CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells, postoperative infection, incidence of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and pruritus within 48 h after surgery, the first time on the ground, length of hospital stay and quality of recovery-15 (QoR-15) score were compared between two groups. RESULTS: Compared with pseudoteas group, expressions of CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in TEAS group were significantly increased at 24 h after surgery (P<0.05). The incidence of nausea within 48 h after surgery and the time spent on the ground early after surgery were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative secondary infection, adverse reactions such as vomiting, abdominal distension, pruritus and hospitalization days (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Percutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation could improve perioperative cellular immunity in patients with total knee replacement, alleviate immunosuppression, reduce incidence of postoperative adverse reactions, and promote early postoperative recovery.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Middle Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee ; Acupuncture Points ; Postoperative Period ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation/methods* ; Recovery of Function

Objective To provide a longitudinal evaluation tool based on the frequency of aggressive be-havior for the aggression assessment of schizophrenia patients.Methods The Life History of Aggression was translated and revised to form the Life History of Aggression-Chinese Version(LHA-CV)based on 369 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia in the Chengdu community and compulsory medical insti-tution.The reliability of LHA-CV was analyzed by means of split-half reliability,test-retest reliability and inter-evaluator consistency.The validity was analyzed by item analysis,construct validity and crite-rion validity.Results Item analysis found that LHA-CV had good homogeneity and discriminant validity.Exploratory factor analysis found that the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)test value was 0.80,and the Bartlett's sphericity test χ2=1203.46(P<0.05),and it revealed four factors including non-physical ag-gression,physical aggression,self-directed aggression and antisocial behavior/consequences.The factor loadings for all 11 items were greater than 0.40.Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on the factor model,Chi-square degree of freedom(χ2/df)was 3.61,root mean square error of approxima-tion(RMSEA)was 0.07,goodness-of-fit index(GFI)was 0.92,comparative fit index(CFI)was 0.90,incremental fit index(IFI)was 0.90,and the discriminant validity of each factor was good.The criterion validity test showed the total score of LHA-CV was positively correlated with the aggressive behavior level of MacArthur Community Violence Instrument,the total score of Buss-Perry Aggression Scale,and the score of Antisocial Personality Disorder Subscale of Personality Diagnostic Question-naire-4th Edition Plus(PDQ-4+_ASPD,P<0.05).The Cronbach's α coefficient of non-physical aggres-sion,physical aggression,self-directed aggression,antisocial behavior/consequences and LHA-CV total score were 0.82,0.73,0.74,0.56 and 0.79,respectively.The test-retest reliability,Spearman-Brown split-half reliability and intra-class correlation coefficient of LHA-CV total score were 0.82(P<0.05),0.66 and 0.99,respectively.Conclusion LHA-CV has good reliability and validity,and can be used as an evaluation tool for longitudinally assessing aggressive behavior in schizophrenia patients.

Objective:To understand the status, evaluation methods and risk factors of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer, in order to provide reference for the construction of follow-up intervention programs.Methods:This scoping review was conducted under the Joanna Briggs Institute in Australia guidelines. Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, VIP Database and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Chinese and English literature was screened and summarized from inception to September 21, 2023.Results:A total of 14 articles were included, and the economic toxicity of patients with head and neck cancer was more serious.The evaluation methods were mainly divided into scale evaluation and database data calculation. The risk factors of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer included three aspects: demographic factors such as young age, low education and low income; disease and treatment-related factors such as tumor location in larynx/hypopharynx, current/past use of tube feeding, advanced tumor/distant metastasis; social support factors such as insufficient social security, and so on.Conclusions:Future studies should pay more attention to economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer, standardize the selection of assessment tools to reduce heterogeneity, and develop individualized intervention measures for the risk factors of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer, in order to reduce the occurrence of economic toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer.

This study used kidney metabolomics to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Guilingji (GLJ) on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) rats. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 8), i.e., control group, model group, positive drug (Ginkgo biloba tablet, donepezil) group, GLJ group (low and high dose group). The MCI rat model was replicated using subcutaneous injection of D-galactose into the back of the neck along with a semi-high-fat diet for a total of 8 weeks, and drug was administered from the 5th week for 4 weeks. The kidney function and renal pathological changes of each group of rats were tested. And LC-MS based kidney metabolomics coupled with multivariate data analysis were conducted to explore the potential biomarkers, and corresponding metabolic pathways were then determined. After administration of GLJ, the level of urea nitrogen was decreased compared with those of the model group, and the abnormalities of morphology in kidney tissues were improved. The positive drugs (ginkgo biloba tablet and donepezil) had no significant modulating effect on renal function indexes. Ginkgo biloba tablet can lessen the pathological injury of kidney tissue, and donepezil had no improvement on renal histopathology. A total of 23 MCI related differential metabolites were identified in kidney, and 17 metabolites were signifcantly restored by GLJ compared with those of the model group. Additionally, we found that the cysteine and methionine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism were significantly involved in the regulatory effect of GLJ. The results illuminate the "cong shen zhi nao" mechanism of GLJ, and also provide a research basis for the clinical use of GLJ for the treatment of MCI. The animal experiment of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (approval number: 2020DW121).