Jiuwei Xifeng Granules have become a Chinese patent medicine in the market. Because the formula contains Os Draconis, a top-level protected fossil of ancient organisms, the formula was to be improved by replacing Os Draconis with Ostreae Concha. To evaluate whether the improved formula has the same effectiveness and safety as the original formula, a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled, equivalence clinical trial was conducted. This study enrolled 288 tic disorder(TD) of children and assigned them into two groups in 1∶1. The treatment group and control group took the modified formula and original formula, respectively. The treatment lasted for 6 weeks, and follow-up visits were conducted at weeks 2, 4, and 6. The primary efficacy endpoint was the difference in Yale global tic severity scale(YGTSS)-total tic severity(TTS) score from baseline after 6 weeks of treatment. The results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment, the declines in YGTSS-TSS score showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The difference in YGTSS-TSS score(treatment group-control group) and the 95%CI of the full analysis set(FAS) were-0.17[-1.42, 1.08] and those of per-protocol set(PPS) were 0.29[-0.97, 1.56], which were within the equivalence boundary [-3, 3]. The equivalence test was therefore concluded. The two groups showed no significant differences in the secondary efficacy endpoints of effective rate for TD, total score and factor scores of YGTSS, clinical global impressions-severity(CGI-S) score, traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) response rate, or symptom disappearance rate, and thus a complete evidence chain with the primary outcome was formed. A total of 6 adverse reactions were reported, including 4(2.82%) cases in the treatment group and 2(1.41%) cases in the control group, which showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. No serious suspected unexpected adverse reactions were reported, and no laboratory test results indicated serious clinically significant abnormalities. The results support the replacement of Os Draconis by Ostreae Concha in the original formula, and the efficacy and safety of the modified formula are consistent with those of the original formula.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Tic Disorders/drug therapy* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early efficacy and safety of hip arthroscopy in the treatment of patients with borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip(BDDH). METHODS: A total of 111 patients diagnosed with BDDH from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected and divided into two groups according to the surgical method. Among them, 63 patients who underwent arthroscopy were assigned to the arthroscopy group, including 22 males and 41 females with an average age of (35.67±6.83) years;48 patients who underwent periacetabular osteotomy were assigned to the PAO group, including 18 males and 30 females with an average age of (36.85±7.10) years. The operation time, hospital stay, blood loss, rehabilitation time, complication rate, and reoperation rate were recorded in both groups. Imaging indicators of the two groups were measured and recorded. The modified Harris hip score (mHHS), nonarthritic hip score (NAHS), and hip outcome score-activity of daily living scale (HOS-ADL) were used to evaluate hip function and quality of life before and after surgery. RESULTS: All patients were followed up for 12 months. The operation time (90.43±9.85) min, hospital stay(4.32±0.56) days, rehabilitation time (15.22±2.15) weeks, blood loss (25.69±6.57) ml, and number of complications (15 cases) in the arthroscopy group were all lower than those in the PAO group (117.25±15.83) min, (5.81±0.92) days, (21.10±3.74) weeks, (358.52±126.73) ml, 30 cases, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). At the last follow-up after treatment, the lateral center edge angle (LCEA) (19.82±1.90)° and anterior center edge angle (ACEA) (20.01±1.85)° in the arthroscopy group decreased compared with those before treatment (21.43±2.10)°, (21.54±2.05)°, while in the PAO group, the LCEA (33.03±3.45)° and ACEA (33.48±4.22)° at the last follow-up after treatment increased compared with those before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The T?nnis angle in the arthroscopy group after treatment (11.05±1.83)° increased compared with that before treatment, while in the PAO group, the T?nnis angle at the last follow-up after treatment (2.98±0.75)° decreased compared with that before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). In the arthroscopy group, the extrusion index (30.68±2.85) and T?nnis grade after treatment increased compared with those before treatment, while the α angle after treatment (38.79±4.27)° significantly decreased compared with that before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05);in the PAO group, the extrusion index (15.03±2.18) and α angle (53.58±6.02)° after treatment significantly decreased compared with those before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The mHHS score at the last follow-up after treatment in the arthroscopy group (86.41±7.33) was higher than that in the PAO group (81.02±6.49), with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). At 6 months after treatment, the NAHS (69.83±6.53) and HOS-ADL scores (78.84±7.39) in the arthroscopy group were higher than those in the PAO group (64.10±6.02), (75.31±7.01), with statistically significant differences (P<0.01);at the last follow-up after treatment, the NAHS (87.63±7.60) and HOS-ADL scores (88.94±8.11) in the arthroscopy group were higher than those in the PAO group (81.63±7.03), (83.63±7.92), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with PAO, hip arthroscopy shows better early to mid-term clinical efficacy in the treatment of BDDH patients. However, PAO has more advantages in improving acetabular imaging indicators of BDDH patients, while hip arthroscopy only improves the α angle of patients. Meanwhile, hip arthroscopy causes less trauma to patients, reduces blood loss, and is more conducive to the subsequent recovery of patients.
Humans ; Female ; Male ; Arthroscopy/methods* ; Adult ; Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip/physiopathology* ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of COVID-19 infection on the mobilization and collection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells in patients with multiple myeloma. METHODS: The general baseline data, treatment factors before mobilization collection, collection status, and treatment overview after collection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells at Beijing Chaoyang Hospital affiliated with Capital Medical University from January 1, 2020 to July 15, 2023 were analyzed. RESULTS: 269 patients underwent mobilization and collection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells. Among them, 32 cases with COVID-19 infection history (COVID-19 group) and 237 cases without COVID-19 infection history (non-COVID-19 group). In the COVID-19 group, 17 cases were treated with chemotherapy (etoposide)+G-CSF, and 15 cases were treated with plerixafor +G-CSF. In the non-COVID-19 group, 214 cases were treated with chemotherapy +G-CSF, 17 cases were treated with plerixafor +G-CSF, and 6 cases were treated with chemotherapy + plerixafor +G-CSF. The number of CD34⁺ cells, collection success rate, and excellence rate in the COVID-19 group and the non-COVID-19 group were ［5.52 (0.94-26.87) vs 4.80 (0.53-37.20)］×10⁶/kg (P =0.610), (93.8% vs 85.2%) (P =0.275), (62.5% vs 49.4%) (P =0.190), respectively. Among 113 patients mobilized with etoposide +G-CSF, the number of CD34⁺ cells, success rate, and excellence rate collected from COVID-19 infection (17 cases) and non-COVID-19 infection (96 cases) were ［7.54 (2.66-26.87) vs 7.78 (2.26-37.20)］×10⁶/kg (P =0.847), (100.0% vs 100.0%) (no P value), (82.4% vs 86.5%) (P =0.655), respectively. Among 32 patients mobilized by plerixafor +G-CSF, the number of CD34⁺ cells, success rate and excellence rate of COVID-19 infection (15 cases) and non-COVID-19 infection (17 cases) were ［3.82 (0.94-7.27) vs 4.11 (0.53-9.05)］×10⁶/kg (P =0.821), (86.7% vs 88.2%) (P =0.893), (40.0% vs 35.3%) (P =0.784), respectively. In 32 patients with COVID-19 infection, the number of CD34⁺ cells collected by etoposide +G-CSF (17 cases) and plerixafor +G-CSF (15 cases), as well as the success rate and excellence rate were ［7.54 (2.66-26.87) vs 3.82(0.94-7.27)］×10⁶/kg (P =0.004), (100.0% vs 86.7%) (P =0.120), (82.4% vs 40.0%) (P =0.014), respectively. By 2023.7.31, 232 patients (86.2%, 232/269) had received transplantation, including 24 patients in the COVID-19 group and 208 patients in the non-COVID-19 group. The median number of CD34⁺ cells infused in the two groups was ［3.67 (2.50-13.44) vs 3.11(1.12-19.89)］×10⁶/kg (P =0.058), the median days of neutrophil engraftment ［11(9-13) vs 11(9-17)］ (P =0.674), the median days of platelet engraftment ［11(0-23), 12(0-43)］ (P =0.279), respectively. CONCLUSION The history of COVID-19 infection did not affect the PBSC mobilization, collection and transplantation of patients with myeloma. In patients with COVID-19 infection, the results of chemotherapy mobilization with etoposide seems to be better than that of plerixafor mobilization, but further research is needed to clarify.
Humans ; COVID-19/complications* ; Multiple Myeloma/complications* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/therapeutic use* ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Middle Aged ; Peripheral Blood Stem Cells ; Male ; Female ; Cyclams ; Benzylamines

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and socioeconomic factors influencing the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the Guangdong Province between 2010 and 2019. METHOD: Spatial and temporal variations in TB incidence were mapped using heat maps and hierarchical clustering. Socioenvironmental influencing factors were evaluated using a Bayesian spatiotemporal conditional autoregressive (ST-CAR) model. RESULTS: Annual incidence of TB in Guangdong decreased from 91.85/100,000 in 2010 to 53.06/100,000 in 2019. Spatial hotspots were found in northeastern Guangdong, particularly in Heyuan, Shanwei, and Shantou, while Shenzhen, Dongguan, and Foshan had the lowest rates in the Pearl River Delta. The ST-CAR model showed that the TB risk was lower with higher per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) [Relative Risk ( RR), 0.91; 95% Confidence Interval ( CI): 0.86-0.98], more the ratio of licensed physicians and physician ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.98), and higher per capita public expenditure ( RR, 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90-0.97), with a marginal effect of population density ( RR, 0.86; 95% CI: 0.86-1.00). CONCLUSION The incidence of TB in Guangdong varies spatially and temporally. Areas with poor economic conditions and insufficient healthcare resources are at an increased risk of TB infection. Strategies focusing on equitable health resource distribution and economic development are the key to TB control.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Bayes Theorem ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Socioeconomic Factors

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Pyroptosis is the programmed death of cells accompanied by an inflammatory response and is widely involved in the development of a variety of diseases, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. It has been shown that cellular scorching is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH) in cardiovascular diseases. Patients with PAH have perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in lungs, pulmonary vasculopathy exists in an extremely inflam-matory microenvironment, and pro-inflammatory factors in cellular scorching drive pulmonary vascular remodelling in PAH patients. This article reviews the role of cellular scorch in the pathogenesis of PAH and the related research on drugs for the treatment of PAH, with the aim of providing new ideas for clinical treatment of PAH.

Objective To investigate the popularization of cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)knowledge and science popularization needs among urban and rural residents in Tonghai County,Yuxi City,Yunnan Province,so as to explore the establishment of an efficient and appropriate science popularization model.Methods A total of 300 residents aged 15-60 years old were selected from Tonghai County,Yuxi City,Yunnan Province using stratified and simple random sampling methods.A self-designed questionnaire was used to conduct an anonymous questionnaire survey.Results Only 20.3%of Tonghai County residents master CPR skills,and 26.2%of Tonghai County residents have never heard of CPR.There is a statistically significant difference in the awareness rate of CPR between rural residents and non-rural residents(P<0.01).There are differences in residents'age and CPR awareness(P<0.01),the age and CPR are inversely proportional.The residents have a higher willingness to perform chest compressions and mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on strangers,66.2%and 68.6%respectively.63.79%of residents have never attended relevant training.But 92.76%of the people said they were willing to participate in the relevant training when they learned the training news.Conclusion Residents in Tonghai County generally lack knowledge of CPR first aid,but the demand for first aid knowledge of residential CPR is high and the attitude towards rescue is positive.It is recommended that relevant departments increase CPR science popularization and training efforts,and popularize CPR into villages.

Norovirus is the global leading cause of epidemic and endemic acute gastroenteritis in people of all ages.To inves-tigate the genetic diversity of GⅡ genogroup noroviruses linked to clustered infections in northeast Chongqing,we collected anal swabs or environmental smears from 11 norovirus outbreaks during 2021-2022.Norovirus RNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR(qRT-PCR),and partial viral RdRp/capsid genes were amplified by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR)and sequenced.Among samples from 11 outbreaks in 4 districts and counties,55 strains of GⅡ genogroup norovirus were detected.Six genotypes were identified with an online norovirus genotyping tool(http://www.rivm.nl/mpf/norovirus/typingtool).Genotype GⅡ.17[P17]was associated with four outbreaks;the co-circulating GⅡ.17[P17]and GⅡ.1[P16]caused another out-break;GⅡ.6[P7]and GⅡ.8[P8]respectively were linked to two outbreaks;and GⅡ.3[P12]and GⅡ.2[P16]respectively ac-counted for one outbreak.Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that 55 GⅡ genogroup strains formed five clusters,with norovir-uses of identical genotypes from diverse events belonging to the same cluster,and that genetically distinct genotypes from di-verse events belonged to different clusters.Therefore,our results revealed that multiple genotypes associated with norovirus outbreaks were circulating in northeast Chongqing,and GⅡ.17[P17]was the predominant genotype linked to these out-breaks during 2021-2022.Most norovirus outbreak events were caused by single sources,and genetic relationships were demonstrated among noroviruses of identical genotypes from diverse events.

The establishment and maintenance of latent cellular reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)within days after infection remains a major obstacle to achieving functional HIV cure.Epigenetics pertains to the regulation of gene ex-pression through means beyond mutations in DNA sequences.Research on epigenetic modifications in recent decades has facili-tated in-depth understanding of HIV pathogenesis and ongoing AIDS therapy strategies.This review briefly introduces princi-ples of epigenetics,and summarizes current epigenetic findings observed during HIV infection,particularly regarding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation,histone modification,RNA modification,and non-coding RNAs in the processes of viral latency and formation of reservoirs.In addition,the implications and challenges of these epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in functional AIDS cure strategies are discussed.This review is aimed at encouraging more research groups to focus on epigenetic studies in HIV-infected populations,to develop more therapeutic drugs based on epigenetics,and to propose more rational and feasible functional AIDS cure strategies.

Panax notoginseng is the dried root and rhizome of Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen,a perennial erect herb of the genus Ginseng of the family Wujiaceae.As a traditional Chinese medicine in our country,Panax notoginseng has a good tonic effect,and the Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines has the words that Panax notoginseng is used to tonify the blood,remove the blood stasis and damage,and stop epistaxis.It can also be used to pass the blood and tonify the blood with the best efficacy,and it is the most precious one of the prescription med-icines.Eaten raw,it removes blood stasis and generates new blood,subdues swelling and stabilizes pain,stops bleeding with-out leaving stasis,and promotes blood circulation without hurting the new blood;taken cooked,it can be used to replenish and strengthen the body.Notoginsenoside R1 is a characteristic com-pound in the total saponin of Panax ginseng.In recent years,China's aging has been increasing,and the incidence of neuro-logical disorders has been increasing year by year.Meanwhile,reports on notoginsenoside R1 in the treatment of neurological disorders are increasing,and its neuroprotective effects have been exerted with precise efficacy.The purpose of this paper is to review the treatment of neurological diseases and the mecha-nism of action of notoginsenoside R1,so as to provide a certain theoretical basis for clinical use and new drug development.