Adrenal Glands ; Humans ; Hyperaldosteronism ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore

Humans ; Neurofibrosarcoma ; Adrenal Glands

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are benign tumors that originate from neural crest cells, composed mainly of mature ganglion cells. These tumors, which are usually hormonally silent, tend to be discovered incidentally on imaging tests and occur along the paravertebral sympathetic chain, from the neck to the pelvis and occasionally in the adrenal medulla. Rarely, GNs secrete catecholamines.1 Adrenal GNs occur most frequently in the fourth and fifth decades of life, whereas GNs of the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum are usually encountered in younger adults.2 Adrenal GNs are commonly hormonally silent and asymptomatic; even when the lesion is of substantial size.3We report an incidentally detected asymptomatic case of an adrenal ganglioneuroma with mildly elevated urinary catecholamine levels in an elderly male. After preoperative alpha blockade, the patient underwent open right adrenalectomy. Upon microscopic examination, the right adrenal mass proved to be a ganglioneuroma, maturing type and the immunohistochemistry examination showed immunoreactivity to synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD 56, while S100 was strongly positive at the Schwannian stroma. Following resection, catecholamine levels normalized, confirming the resected right adrenal ganglioneuroma as the source of the catecholamine excess. This case represents a rare presentation of catecholamine-secreting adrenal ganglioneuroma in the elderly.
Adrenal Glands ; Catecholamines ; Ganglioneuroma

Adrenal gland trauma is a rare phenomenon, due to the small size and retroperitoneal location of the organ. The majority of adrenal gland trauma is due to blunt force injury and is only rarely encountered due to the penetrating mechanisms. A 20-year-old male sustained a gunshot wound to the left abdomen. Upon exploration, he was found to have a through and through injury to the left adrenal gland, among other injuries. Injury to the adrenal gland due to penetrating trauma is exceptionally rare. The principles of management are to control bleeding from the gland with debridement and hemostasis rather than attempt to resect the entire organ. The management of a penetrating injury to the adrenal gland is straightforward and should not be a contributor to a patient's morbidity or mortality.
Adrenal Glands ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; Adult ; Debridement ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; therapy ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; Humans ; Laparotomy ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; therapy ; Organ Sparing Treatments ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome ; Wounds, Gunshot ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; therapy ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Korean Americans constitute the fifth largest subgroup in the Asian American population. Despite their increasing population, research and guidelines regarding their health status assessment and disease screening are lacking. This study aimed to compare the prevalence of diseases in Korean Americans and native Koreans to determine the risk factors and guidelines for disease screening. METHODS: Patients who visited the Gangnam Severance Hospital from February 2010 to May 2015 for a health checkup were enrolled in this study. Baseline characteristics, laboratory data, and the organs (stomach, colon, thyroid, brain, prostate, lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, adrenal gland, and heart) of patients were examined. Data regarding patients' dietary patterns were also obtained. Overall, 1,514 Korean Americans (group 1) and 1,514 native Koreans (group 2) were enrolled. RESULTS: The following diseases were more prevalent in group 1 than in group 2: reflux esophagitis (12.9% vs. 10%), gastric ulcer (3.0% vs. 5.5%), colorectal polyp (37.7% vs. 28.7%), hemorrhoids (32.2% vs. 29.9%), and benign prostatic hyperplasia (30.2% vs. 14.3%). Although not statistically significant, coronary artery disease has a high prevalence rate of >20% in both groups. Dietary patterns were not significant between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the prevalence of several diseases in Korean Americans differed from that observed in native Koreans. Therefore, a foundation for setting up new guidelines for disease screening among Korean Americans is established.
Adrenal Glands ; Asian Americans ; Brain ; Colon ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Esophagitis, Peptic ; Hemorrhoids ; Humans ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lung ; Mass Screening ; Pancreas ; Polyps ; Prevalence ; Prostate ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Risk Factors ; Stomach Ulcer ; Thyroid Gland

Although pheochromocytoma usually presents as a solid tumor, it can also present as a cystic lesion in the adrenal glands. Cystic lesions in the adrenal glands, along with hypertension, need attention to exclude pheochromocytoma. If ignored, they may lead to a hypertensive crisis with multi-organ failure. Proper preoperative preparation is important to prevent a hypertensive crisis during and after surgery. We report a case of pheochromocytoma with cystic degeneration that presented as a hypertensive crisis caused by endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling.
Adrenal Glands ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Endosonography ; Hypertension ; Pheochromocytoma

PURPOSE: To examine the perioperative surgical and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic partial adrenalectomy (LPA) by comparing the results of laparoscopic total adrenalectomy (LTA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomies were performed for adrenal gland tumor between May 2006 and April 2019. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Seventy patients underwent LTAs and 54 underwent LPAs. The data were collected retrospectively through review of the medical charts. We compared the perioperative and long-term outcomes between the 2 surgical methods. RESULTS: A total of 70 patients, including 4 patients with bilateral tumors, underwent LTA. In contrast, 54 patients, including 4 patients with bilateral masses, underwent LPA. There were no differences between the 2 groups with regard to mean age at presentation, mean tumor size, or postoperative stay. However, the mean operating time was significantly shorter in the LPA group than that of the LTA group. The mean estimated blood loss in the LPA group was significantly higher than that in the LTA group. However, none of the LPA patients required blood transfusion. The biochemical markers and laboratory values normalized postoperatively in all patients with functional adrenal tumors. There was no local recurrence during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that the surgical outcomes and perioperative complications in LPA group are similar to those of LTA. When LPA is performed for small adrenal lesions, most patients remain steroid independent, as well as recurrence-free at long-term follow-up.
Adrenal Glands ; Adrenalectomy ; Biomarkers ; Blood Transfusion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Ganglioneuroma (GN) is benign neurogenic tumor arising from ganglia of the sympathetic nervous system. They are mostly found at posterior mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and adrenal gland, whereas only 1–5% occurred in the cervical region. GN usually present as a single, painless and slow-growing mass, but multiple cervical occurrences are extremely rare. An 80-year-old woman came to our clinic complained of posterior neck mass for three years. We performed surgical excision, and it was finally diagnosed as GN. We report the unique and rare disease entity with a brief literature review.
Adrenal Glands ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Ganglia ; Ganglioneuroma ; Humans ; Mediastinum ; Neck ; Rare Diseases ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Extrahepatic metastasis commonly occur in the lung, lymph, nodes, bone, and adrenal glands. On the other hand, a metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma to the skeletal muscle is rare. A 42-year-old woman presented for evaluation of a palpable mass with tenderness in her right thigh area. She has been diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and pulmonary metastasis seven years ago and has received treatment. We performed incisional biopsy with suspicion of hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis from imaging studies and blood test results. The patient was finally diagnosed with metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in the semimembranosus muscle and treated by extensive resection. We report this case with a review of the relevant literature.
Adrenal Glands ; Adult ; Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; Female ; Hand ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Lung ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Thigh

Adrenal cystic lymphangiomas are extremely rare entities that are often identified incidentally, with less than 60 cases reported to date. We found a protruding ovoid mass consisting of a multiloculated cystic lesion within right adrenal gland in the cadaver of a 75-year-old Korean man. The epithelial cells lining the adrenal cyst were diffusely positive for cluster of differentiation 31 and podoplanin, and negative for pan-cytokeratin. The histopathological diagnosis confirmed a cystic lymphangioma arising from the adrenal gland. Post-mortem findings of the present case are discussed based on the clinicopathological features of adrenal cystic lymphangiomas.
Adrenal Glands ; Aged ; Cadaver ; Diagnosis ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Lymphangioma ; Lymphangioma, Cystic ; Male