OBJECTIVES

A growing body of evidence points to a positive association between periodontitis and
various systemic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), hypertension, and rheumatoid arthritis. However,
there is limited data on the prevalence and odds of having systemic conditions among Filipino periodontal patients.
Thus, this study aimed to determine the association of periodontal disease with systemic conditions among Filipino
patients at a university dental clinic.

METHODS

The periodontal and medical charts of all patients who underwent periodontal consult at a university
dental clinic within two academic years were reviewed. Periodontal diagnoses which had originally been assigned
using the 1999 classification of periodontal diseases were reclassified based on the 2018 European Federation
of Periodontology-American Academy of Periodontology classification. Listed medical conditions in the patients’
charts were self-reported. The prevalence of various systemic conditions in 715 periodontitis cases was compared
to that of 834 control patients without periodontitis. Fisher’s exact test was performed to evaluate the difference
in the prevalence of comorbidities between groups, while adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were computed using logistic
regression analysis, accounting for age, sex, educational attainment, and smoking status.

RESULTS

The prevalence of having at least one systemic condition was significantly higher among periodontitis patients
(44.5%) compared to non-periodontitis patients (36.3%). Compared to controls, a significantly higher number of
periodontitis cases had two systemic comorbidities (P=0.001). The prevalence of hypertension (18.6% versus 5.04%),
CVD including hypertension (20.42% versus 6.95%), arthritis (9.37% versus 3.0%), and diabetes mellitus (5.73% versus
0.84%) were all significantly higher in patients with periodontitis compared to non-periodontitis controls.
The odds of having CVD (AOR=1.81), hypertension (AOR=2.14) and diabetes (AOR=3.05) were higher in periodontitis cases. Meanwhile, the prevalence of asthma (9.23% versus 5.31%), respiratory diseases including asthma (12.95% versus 8.25%), and allergies (18.82% versus 13.71%) were significantly higher in non- periodontitis patients compared to periodontitis cases.

CONCLUSION

Periodontitis patients were more likely to present with CVD, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, no association was found between periodontitis and respiratory diseases, as well as between periodontitis and asthma.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent: 13-18 Yrs Old ; Young Adult: 19-24 Yrs Old ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Regression (psychology) ; Respiratory Tract Diseases ; Regression Analysis ; Periodontal Diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases

BACKGROUND

Determination of serum bicarbonate (HCO3 - ) using arterial blood gas analysis in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis allows for the evaluation of the severity of the condition, determines whether HCO3 - therapy is required, and tracks the progression and resolution of the disease. Serum carbon dioxide combining power (CO2CP) from venous chemistry analysis has often been used as an indicator of metabolic acidosis. This study investigated the relationship between HCO3 - and CO2CP and developed an approximation formula for serum bicarbonate concentration using its predictor variables, as this may lessen the need to repeat arterial blood gas analysis or be used in settings in which blood gas analyzers are unavailable.

METHODOLOGY

This single-center, retrospective, cross-sectional study investigated a total of 77 patients diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis. Assessment of the bivariate correlations between serum HCO3 - and serum CO2CP as well as other potential predictor variables was done via Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Predictor variables that were significantly correlated with serum HCO3 - were identified and an approximation formula was developed by regression analysis. Evaluation of the correlation between the approximated HCO3 - value and the actual serum HCO3 - concentration was performed using correlation coefficient and residual statistics to assess agreement.

RESULTS

Serum CO2CP had significant correlation with serum HCO3 - (r = 0.768, p < 0.05). By multiple regression analysis, the following approximation formula was therefore expressed: HCO3 - = 12.682 + (0.612 x CO2CP) – [ketones] + (0.085 x BUN) - (0.026 x SGPT) – (1.23 x Creatinine) - (0.067 x Chloride). Examination of residuals revealed a mean of zero (0), indicating no significant difference between the actual and approximated levels of serum HCO3 -

CONCLUSION

The predictor variables included in the formula collectively contribute significantly to the approximation of serum HCO3 - . The approximated serum HCO3 - values also showed significant correlation with actual serum HCO3 - concentration; thus, the formula may be utilized to derive an approximation of serum bicarbonate concentration in patients with diabetic ketoacidosis.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent: 13-18 Yrs Old ; Young Adult: 19-24 Yrs Old ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Attention ; Bicarbonates ; Carbon Dioxide ; Diabetic Ketoacidosis ; Ketosis ; Patients ; Carbon ; Power (psychology) ; Power, Psychological ; Serum

Objective To explore the relationship between bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out and the intervention effect of aerobic exercise on bedtime procrastination,so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for remedying bedtime procrastination.Methods Totally 988 students were selected through random sampling and then surveyed with the bedtime procrastination scale and the fear of missing out scale.Correlation and regression analyses were performed to explore the relationship between bedtime procrastination and fear of missing out.A total of 36 students were recruited from the 988 students to participate in the exercise intervention and they were assigned into an exercise group and a control group by the random number table method,with 18 students in each group.The exercise group performed aerobic exercise for 12 weeks,while the control group maintained daily activities.The participants' scores on the bedtime procrastination scale and the fear of missing out scale were recorded before and after the intervention and compared.Results The fear of missing out was positively correlated with bedtime procrastination among college students(r=0.214,P<0.001),and it was an important predictive factor for bedtime procrastination(β=0.241,P<0.001).After the intervention,the scores of bedtime procrastination scale decreased in the exercise group(t=2.277,P=0.036),while there was no significant difference in the scores of the control group before and after intervention(t=-0.787,P=0.442).Conclusions A high level of fear of missing out indicates severe bedtime procrastination.And 12-week exercise intervention could remedy bedtime procrastination.
Humans ; Fear ; Exercise ; Male ; Female ; Procrastination ; Young Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Students/psychology* ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Adolescent

BACKGROUND: Long screen time hours may be associated with behavioral problems in children. To better understand the relationship between children's behavioral problems and screen time, it the associated risk factors must be subdivided based on the purpose underlying screen use. This study examined the relationship between screen time based on intended usage and behavioral problems in Japan. METHODS: This study included 3,332 children aged between 7-17 years from the Hokkaido Study on Environment and Children's Health. From October 2020 to October 2021, the children and their parents answered questionnaires on the children's screen use duration (never used, <30 min, ≥30 min & <1 hour, ≥1 h & <2 h, ≥2 h) based on seven intended usage categories: watching television/video, video gaming, reading books/comics, sending/receiving e-mail/messages, browsing/posting on social networking services, studying for classes/homework, drawing/editing pictures/photos/videos, along with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between screen time, purpose of children's screen use, and behavioral problems across the 13 SDQ total scores. RESULTS: The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 12.4 ± 2.4-years-old, 487 (14.6%) children were determined to have behavioral problems, and the duration of screen time increased with their age. The children's primary purposes for screen use were watching television/video, video gaming, sending/receiving e-mail/messages, and browsing/posting on social networking services. Children who reported playing video games for ≥2 hours on weekdays had higher odds of problematic total difficulties scores than never user (Odds Ratio: 2.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.45-3.06). CONCLUSION Long video gaming screen time is associated with behavioral issues, hyperactivity/inattention, and prosocial behaviors in children. Conversely, watching television and videos for 30 min-1 h per day, using e-mail or messaging, and using social networking services were significantly association with reduced odds ratio for peer relationship problems as compared to children who never engaged in these activities. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to further examine screen time and problem behaviors.
Humans ; Screen Time ; Child ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent ; Problem Behavior/psychology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Child Behavior ; Television/statistics & numerical data* ; Video Games/statistics & numerical data*

BACKGROUND: Growing up with a sibling with a chronic health problem or a disability requiring assistance can affect the lives of the family members in various ways. Previous studies documented health problems among siblings of children with a chronic health problem or a disability. However, these studies are limited in that they tend to rely on small convenience samples of children with specific illnesses/disabilities. This study aims to investigate mental health and self-rated health status of siblings of such children using data from a population study in Japan. METHODS: We used data from the 2016 wave of Japan's Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions. The analytic sample included 16,510 adolescents aged 15-19 years who were living with a sibling with or without care needs. The outcomes were psychological distress as defined by K6 score of 13 or higher and poor self-rated health. We examined these health outcomes of adolescents who have a sibling with care needs to relative to adolescents with a sibling without such needs via logistic regression. RESULTS: Adolescents who live with a sibling with care needs were more likely to have psychological distress (Odds Ratio (OR) 2.47; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 1.46-4.17) and poor self-rated health (OR 2.21; 95% CI, 1.30-3.75). These associations were more pronounced in post-high school age (18-19 years old) group than in high school age (15-18 years old) group. CONCLUSION The presence of a child with care needs in the household was associated with spillover psychological distress and poorer subjective health among siblings. Providing support for children/adolescents with care needs may have additional benefits in terms of well-being of their siblings.
Humans ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Siblings/psychology* ; Young Adult ; Psychological Distress ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Health Status

BACKGROUND: Difficulty awakening is a common concern among adolescents and contributes to school absenteeism. Although cross-sectional studies suggest that commuting times, internet usage, and sleep disturbances are associated with school attendance problems, few have specifically focused on adolescents. We aimed to examine the factors contributing to school absenteeism due to difficulty awakening in Japanese high school students. METHODS: In this longitudinal cohort study, data were prospectively collected between 2016 and 2018 from 54 high schools in a prefecture of Western Japan. Tenth-grade students (n = 6,121) without tardiness (n = 5,812) or absences (n = 5,946) at baseline were recruited. The outcome of interest was school absenteeism due to difficulty awakening, which included both tardiness and absences (≥2 days/month). Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between commuting time and lifestyle factors after adjusting for confounders. RESULTS: The incidence rates of tardiness and absences due to difficulty awakening were 19.3 and 9.6 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Common risk factors for absenteeism included prolonged internet usage (≥5 h) and dissatisfaction with school. Protective factors for school tardiness included study time and participation in extracurricular sports activities (both ≥2 h). Long commuting time (≥1 h) was associated with a higher risk of school absences. CONCLUSIONS Long commuting times, prolonged internet usage, and poor school satisfaction increased the risk of school absenteeism due to difficulty awakening. Promoting academic engagement and extracurricular activities may help reduce absenteeism. Interventions that increase school satisfaction, such as providing learning opportunities outside of school, supporting extracurricular activities, and improving the school environment, may be effective prevention strategies.
Humans ; Absenteeism ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Schools/statistics & numerical data* ; Students/psychology* ; Longitudinal Studies ; Risk Factors ; Transportation/statistics & numerical data* ; East Asian People

OBJECTIVES: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common mental health and behavioral issue among adolescents. This study aims to investigate the developmental trajectory of adolescent NSSI and gender differences, providing a foundation for better prevention and intervention. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted using the Adolescent Self-Injury Scale (ASIS) in a cohort of 1 042 junior high school students from 3 middle schools in Zhangjiajie, Hunan Province. Participants were surveyed 3 times at 6-month intervals. A latent growth curve model was constructed using Mplus8.0 to examine the development trajectory of NSSI, and multi-group comparisons were used to assess gender differences. RESULTS: Detection rates of NSSI at the 3 time points were 43.95%, 44.43%, and 38.36%, respectively. Mean of the intercept factor of the LGCM for adolescent NSSI behavior was 9.540 (P<0.001), and the mean slope was -2.297 (P<0.001). Both the variances of the intercept (σ²=169.431, P<0.001) and slope (σ²=141.981, P<0.001) were significant, with a significant negative correlation between intercept and slope (r=-0.559, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant gender differences in initial level or rate of change of NSSI behaviors (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS NSSI is relatively prevalent among adolescents, with female adolescents experiencing more severe NSSI. Individual differences exist in both the initial level and rate of change of NSSI, and overall, adolescent NSSI shows a decreasing trend over time. No significant gender differences were found in the trajectory of change.
Humans ; Self-Injurious Behavior/psychology* ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Longitudinal Studies ; Sex Factors ; Adolescent Behavior/psychology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students/psychology*

OBJECTIVES: End stage renal disease (ESRD) is a major disease that seriously threatens the health of young people, and kidney transplantation is an effective treatment method to improve its prognosis.Young ESRD patients at a critical stage of life development often face significant physical and psychological challenges while waiting for kidney transplantation. Their psychological state directly affects treatment compliance and transplantation outcomes.This study aims to explore the psychological experiences of young patients with end stage renal disease during the waiting period for kidney transplantation, and provide a reference for formulating relevant psychological intervention measures. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted. Using purposive sampling, 20 young ESRD patients awaiting for kidney transplantation at the Transplantation Center of Xiangya Third Hospital, Central South University, from June to August 2024, were recruited. Based on the socio-ecological systems theory, a semi-structured interview outline was developed, and directed content analysis was applied to analyze the interview data. RESULTS: According to the results of qualitative interviews, 3 themes and 9 sub-themes were summarized as follows: Microsystem (disease pain experience, anxiety during transplantation waiting period, cognitive differentiation and coping differences), mesosystem (imbalance of family roles and dependent guilt, physician-patient trust dynamics, ambivalence toward peer support), and macrosystem (decision-making powerlessness caused by information asymmetry, sociocultural stigma and public bias, institutional dependence and passive behavior). CONCLUSIONS Young ESRD patients experience complex psychological experiences during the waiting period for kidney transplantation. Healthcare providers should explore corresponding intervention measures based on patients' psychological status to improve their waiting period experience and promote both physical and mental health.
Humans ; Kidney Transplantation/psychology* ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery* ; Qualitative Research ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Adaptation, Psychological ; Waiting Lists ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Anxiety/psychology*

OBJECTIVES: Mobile phone dependence has become increasingly prominent among university students, posing significant risks to their social functioning and mental health. Previous studies suggest that perfectionistic personality traits may be key psychological predictors of mobile phone dependence, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to identify core symptoms of mobile phone dependence among university students and to examine the pattern of associations between different dimensions of perfectionism and mobile phone dependence. METHODS: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted among 1404 university students nationwide. The Mobile Phone Involvement Questionnaire (MPIQ) and the Forst Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS) were used to assess mobile phone use and perfectionism traits. The EBIC-GLASSO network model was constructed to analyze the network structure linking perfectionism and mobile phone dependence. RESULTS: A total of 56.48% of university students in the sample met the criteria for mobile phone dependence. The total FMPS score was positively correlated with the total MPIQ score (r=0.47, P<0.001). Results of multiple linear regression controlling for demographic variables showed that dimensions of FMPS score significantly predicted MPIQ score (all P<0.05). Network analysis revealed that the central dimension in perfectionism is "organization" (expected influence=2.69) and the core symptom of mobile phone dependence was "I lose track of how much I am using my smartphone" (expected influence= 0.78). Bridge centrality analysis identified "organization" as a key bridging factor linking perfectionism and mobile phone dependence (bridge strength=1.96). Among the symptom-to-symptom connections, "parental expectations" showed the strongest positive association with "arguments have arisen with others because of my mobile phone use" (partial correlation coefficient=0.15), serving as a risk factor. In contrast, "organization" was most strongly negatively associated with the same symptom (partial correlation coefficient=-0.13), serving as a protective factor, suggesting a protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Mobile phone dependence is common among college students and is primarily characterized by a lack of self-control in phone use. Although perfectionism is generally positively associated with mobile phone dependence, its internal dimensions appear to exert a dual effect. Specifically, "parental expectations" and "doubt over actions" may increase the risk of mobile phone dependence, whereas "organization" serves as a protective factor, particularly against interpersonal conflicts related to phone dependency.
Humans ; Perfectionism ; Students/psychology* ; Cell Phone ; Universities ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Male ; Female ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; China ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Personality

Adolescence is a critical period for the development of the reward circuit, and reward positivity (RewP) is one of the electrophysiological indicators reflecting reward processing. Many studies have shown that abnormalities in RewP is closely associated with internalizing and externalizing problems in children and adolescents. In addition, factors such as stressful life events and sleep disorders can affect reward-related brain activity and increase the risk of various psychopathological problems in this population. The article reviews the characteristics of changes in RewP among children and adolescents with various internalizing and externalizing problems in recent years, aiming to provide a reference for the basic research on the pathogenesis of these issues and to identify new targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Adolescent ; Child ; Humans ; Reward ; Psychology, Child ; Psychology, Adolescent