Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant disease worldwide that causes functional impairment and reduced quality of life. With the aging of the population and the increasing prevalence of obesity, its disease burden is becoming increasingly heavy. In December 2023, the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) released the updated Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hip (summary). Based on evidence-based medicine, this guideline provides systematic recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of hip OA. This article will comprehensively interpret the guideline, compare it with relevant domestic expert consensus in China, analyze the consistency and differences in disease management strategies between the two, and provide references for clinical practice.
Humans ; Academies and Institutes ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; China ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Orthopedic Surgeons ; Orthopedics ; Osteoarthritis, Hip/surgery* ; Quality of Life ; United States

Focusing on the reform initiatives of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) in medical scientific and technological innovation from perspectives of deepening the reform and optimizing the ecosystem of science and technology innovation, this article summarizes the highlights of CAMS & PUMC's efforts in safeguarding people's health and promoting the Healthy China 2030 strategy through scientific and technological innovation in the fields including basic research, disease prevention and treatment, and medical technology in the past ten years. These achievements embody the endeavors and responsibility of CAMS & PUMC in realizing self-reliance and self-improvement of Chinese medical science and technology and highlight its contributions to the development of medical science and technology of China.
Humans ; Inventions ; Ecosystem ; Academies and Institutes ; China

Academies and Institutes/history* ; Animals ; Biostatistics/history* ; China ; Ecology/history* ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Insecta/physiology* ; Vertebrates/physiology* ; Zoology/history*

Academies and Institutes ; Aged ; Asbestos ; Biopsy ; Compensation and Redress ; Diagnosis ; Drinking ; Drug Therapy ; Endoscopy ; Gastrectomy ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Occupational Health ; Oxygen ; Power Plants ; Rectal Neoplasms ; Ships ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Iranian children under 5 years of age using a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL, and the Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), and Magiran (www.magiran.com), for all articles published between January 1989 and August 2017. Sources of heterogeneity were determined using subgroup analysis and meta-regression. RESULTS: Six articles were ultimately included in the meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence, based on which the prevalence of obesity and overweight were estimated to be 8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%–10%) and 9% (95% CI, 7%–11%), respectively. The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of obesity in boys and girls was 9% (95% CI, 6%–13%) and 7% (95% CI, 4–10%), respectively, and the prevalence of overweight in boys and girls was 10% (95% CI, 5%–15%) and 9% (95% CI, 5%–13%), respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite high heterogeneity among the results of the articles included in the meta-analysis, the prevalence of obesity and overweight is higher in Iranian children under 5 years of age. Therefore, parents and the health system must pay more attention to the lifestyle, nutritional habits, and physical activity of these children.
Academies and Institutes ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Information Science ; Life Style ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; Population Characteristics ; Prevalence

BACKGROUND: The prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of tuberculosis (TB) have declined steadily in Korea since 1965. This study aimed to identify the characteristics and provide quantitative analysis of published medical literatures on TB written by researchers based in Korea. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature search via the Web of Science database for articles in Science Citation Index (Expanded) journals, on TB, and published by researchers based in Korea, from inception to 2017. All articles were analyzed by publication year, publishing journal, article type, study design, research institutes, and research funds. RESULTS: During the study period, we identified 1,101 articles and included them for analysis. The first was published in 1979, while 105 were published in 2017. Between 1979 and 2017, the compound annual growth rate of TB articles by researchers based in Korea was 13.0%. Among 1,101 articles, 682 (61.9%) were clinical research and 383 (34.8%) were basic research. Studies with cross-sectional design were the most common type among the clinical research, while biochemistry was the most common field among the basic research. The number of articles dealing with diagnostics or treatment has increased significantly, although the number of articles on vaccines, and on operational and public health, has only a slight increase. The Ministry of Health and Welfare of Korea funded studies yielding 178 (20.1%) articles. CONCLUSION: Articles on TB, especially those on clinical aspects, and published by researchers based in Korea have been increasing rapidly since 1979.
Academies and Institutes ; Bibliometrics ; Biochemistry ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Incidence ; Journal Impact Factor ; Korea ; Mortality ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Publications ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccines

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the indicators (the rates of diagnosis, need for treatment, treatment initiation, and treatment completion) of management of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in contacts and to identify the impact of active tuberculosis (TB) index case characteristics on the exposed population in congregated settings, such as schools, workplaces, and medical institutes. METHODS: The data of 8,648 clusters in the TB epidemiological investigation database between 2013 and 2016 were extracted and analyzed to evaluate the indicators and perform multilevel logistic regression (MLR) analyses to identify the factors affecting each indicator. RESULTS: The rates of total LTBI diagnosis, need for treatment, treatment initiation, and treatment completion were 15.2%, 10.2%, 69.4%, and 76.6%, respectively. After adjusting for other factors on MLR, the probability of diagnosis and need for treatment of latent TB in contacts was higher in most types of facilities than in schools. Conversely, treatment completion rates in these facilities were lower. Notably, the correctional institutions showed the highest odds ratio (OR) relative to school for LTBI diagnosis (OR, 6.37) and need for treatment (OR, 4.49) and the lowest OR for treatment completion (OR, 0.10). CONCLUSION: This study provided evidence for the implementation of latent TB control policies in congregated settings.
Academies and Institutes ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Korea ; Latent Tuberculosis ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Tuberculosis

STUDY DESIGN: Review article. OBJECTIVES: To present the latest knowledge on spine surgery using augmented reality (AR). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: AR is a new technology that simulates interactions with real-world surroundings using computer graphics, and it is a field that has recently been highlighted as part of the fourth industrial revolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of related literature and introduction of latest research. RESULTS: Spine surgery using AR is currently in its early stages. If industry, academia, and research institutes cooperate and develop, spine surgery using AR is highly likely to develop to the next level. CONCLUSIONS: Spine surgeons should strive to develop relevant technology.
Academies and Institutes ; Computer Graphics ; Spine ; Surgeons

In 2018, the general chemistry proficiency testing program of the Korean Association of External Quality Assessment Service consisted of the routine chemistry and urine chemistry programs including 32 and 13 test items, respectively. The test method classification system was revised in the routine chemistry program, and a qualitative test of human chorionic gonadotropin was added in the urine chemistry program. The routine chemistry program was conducted 4 times a year, while the urine chemistry program was conducted twice a year. Statistical analysis data for the test method and reagent companies were reported based on the information and results of the test items provided by each institution. Statistics included the number of participating institutes, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), median, and minimum and maximum values for each group. Each report included tables, histograms, Levey-Jennings charts, and the standard deviation index showing the statistics of each test item. In the routine chemistry program, more than 1,000 institutions performed the 17 test items, and the number is continuously increasing. CV for each test item showed a tendency to increase with decreasing concentration of the proficiency material but was within 10% in most cases. Alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were found to have relatively high CVs because of the differences in results among test methods. In the urine chemistry program, albumin and protein showed high CVs, and the distribution of the test method was different from that of the routine chemistry program.
Academies and Institutes ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Chemistry ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Classification ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; Methods

institutes and many parents are reluctant to agree with the procedure. We investigated the correlation of clinical and pathologic parameters with the severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in pediatric patients using ultrasonographic examination methods and measured the prevalence of fatty pancreas in pediatric NAFLD.METHODS: Liver biopsy and abdominal ultrasound (US) examinations were performed in 58 children (42 boys, 16 girls; mean age, 12 years; age range, 4–19 years) between March 2006 and August 2017. Fatty liver and fatty pancreas were evaluated by two independent radiologists using US according to 4- and 3-point scales, respectively. We then analyzed the correlations of clinical, laboratory, and histopathologic parameters with the ultrasonographic grade of steatosis.RESULTS: Forty-two children showed simple steatosis (NAFLD activity score [NAS] ≤ 5) while 16 showed NASH (NAS > 5). Higher body mass index (BMI) percentile, waist circumference, hematocrit, insulin resistance, and lower insulin sensitivity index were significantly positively correlated with the grade of fatty liver. NAFLD activity score, amount of steatosis, and fibrosis significantly worsened as the fatty liver grade increased. Higher BMI, lower insulin sensitivity index, and boy were significantly positively correlated with the fatty pancreas grade.CONCLUSION: Altogether, ultrasonographic severity of fatty liver shows good correlation with that of clinical parameters and hepatic pathology.]]>
Academies and Institutes ; Biopsy ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Hematocrit ; Humans ; Insulin Resistance ; Liver ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ; Pancreas ; Parents ; Pathology ; Prevalence ; Ultrasonography ; Waist Circumference ; Weights and Measures