Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in cancer registration areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2016 to 2020 and its epidemiological status in 2020, so as to provide the basis for improving prevention and control measures for thyroid cancer. Methods: The data of thyroid cancer incidence and mortality from 2016 to 2020 in four cancer registration areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were collected through the Tumor Registry. The crude incidence and crude mortality were calculated. The Chinese population-standardized rate and world population-standardized rate were calculated using the age structure of the standard population from the Fifth National Population Census in 2000 and Segi's world standard population. The incidence and mortality characteristics of thyroid cancer in different genders and ages in 2020 were described. The trends in the Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous from 2016 to 2020 were assessed using the average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: In 2020, the crude, Chinese population-standardized and world population-standardized incidences of thyroid cancer in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were 32.91/100 000, 26.99/100 000, and 25.53/100 000, respectively. The crude, Chinese population-standardized and world population-standardized mortalities of thyroid cancer were 1.25/100 000, 0.96/100 000, and 0.98/100 000, respectively. The Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in females were 2.44 times and 2.20 times those in males, respectively. The crude incidence of thyroid cancer was increased after age of twenty years, with a peak at age of 55 to 60 years (76.73/100 000) before rapidly declining. In contrast, the crude mortality remained low across all age groups, with the highest rate observed at age of 70 to 75 years (13.70/100 000). From 2016 to 2020, the Chinese population-standardized incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer showed no significant changes (both P>0.05). Conclusions From 2016 to 2020, the trends in incidence and mortality of thyroid cancer in cancer registration areas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were stable. The disease burden of thyroid cancer was higher in females than in males. The crude incidence first rised and then declined with age, peaks at age of 55-<60 years.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the surgical technique and effectiveness of tension band-assisted plate fixation combined with external fixator for volar marginal fractures of the distal radius. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 12 patients with volar marginal fractures of the distal radius treated by Kirschner wire tension band-assisted anatomical plate fixation combined with external fixator between October 2018 and July 2023. The cohort included 9 males and 3 females, aged from 20 to 52 years (mean, 35.5 years). The injury causes included traffic accidents in 6 cases, falls from height in 3 cases, and fall in 3 cases. According to AO/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA), there were 1 case of type B2, 4 cases of type B3, 2 cases of type C1, 3 cases of type C2, and 2 cases of type C3. According to Fernandez classification, there were 2 cases of type Ⅲ, 5 cases of type Ⅳ, and 5 cases of type Ⅴ. Associated injuries included radiocarpal joint dislocation or subluxation in 7 cases and median nerve injury in 2 cases. The time from injury to operation was 2-7 days (mean, 3.2 days). Postoperatively, functional outcomes were evaluated using the modified Mayo wrist score and the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. Grip strength was measured as the ratio to the unaffected side, and wrist range of motion (ROM) including dorsiflexion, palmar flexion, ulnar deviation, and radial deviation was assessed. RESULTS: All procedures were successfully completed, with an operation time of 55-110 minutes (mean, 65 minutes). All patients were followed up 6-36 months (mean, 13.7 months). Surgical incisions healed by first intention, without complications such as vascular-nerve injury or infection. Bony union and articular congruency were attained in all patients, with a healing time of 3-5 months (mean, 3.8 months). During follow-up, 1 case of Kirschner wire migration occurred with no instances of infections, radiocarpal dislocations, internal fixation failures, or extensor pollicis longus tendon ruptures. At last follow-up, the modified Mayo wrist score ranged from 65 to 92 (mean, 80.8), the DASH score ranged from 7 to 15 (mean, 11.6), the grip strength was 65%-90% (mean, 78.2%) of the unaffected side; and wrist ROM was palmar flexion 60°-85° (mean, 77.4°), dorsiflexion 55°-80° (mean, 74.8°), radial deviation 10°-25° (mean, 18.8°), and ulnar deviation 15°-30° (mean, 24.5°). CONCLUSION Kirschner wire tension band-assisted anatomical plate fixation combined with external fixator for volar marginal fractures of the distal radius is a simple method with reliable fixation, which can achieve satisfactory effectiveness.
Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Female ; Radius Fractures/diagnostic imaging* ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Bone Plates ; Bone Wires ; External Fixators ; Young Adult ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Treatment Outcome ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Hand Strength ; Wrist Injuries/surgery*

To investigate the pharmacological substances basis and anti-vitiligo mechanism of Carum carvi L. (caraway) fruits, chemical and blood-absorbed components were identified using mass spectrometry combined with literature study and database analysis. A “blood-absorbed components–target genes–pathways” network was constructed through network pharmacology. The pharmacological effects of Carum carvi L. extract and its key blood-absorbed component, acacetin, were validated in vitro. 72 chemical components were identified in the extract, with 11 prototype blood-absorbed components and 26 metabolites being detected in the plasma of SD rats. 14 key active components and 24 key targets were predicted. In vitro experiments demonstrated that acacetin at 10 μmol/L exhibited melanogenesis-promoting and tyrosinase-activating effects compared with the positive control, significantly upregulating the expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and tyrosinase (tyrosinase, TYR). This study comprehensively analyzes the chemical and blood-absorbed components of Carum carvi L. and elucidates its pharmacological substances basis, which provides a theoretical foundation for the anti-vitiligo effects of acacetin.

Objective:To investigate the effects of tumor burden score (TBS) and post-radiotherapy alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) stabilization time on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients complicated with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT).Methods:Clinical data of 40 eligible HCC patients complicated with PVTT admitted to the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from July 2018 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), AFP response, and post-radiotherapy AFP stabilization time in the entire group were observed. Diagnostic thresholds were determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Survival analysis was conducted by Kaplan-Meier method, and the differences of survival rate were assessed by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional risk model.Results:The optimal cut-off value for TBS was 4.27 [area under the ROC curve (AUC)=0.752, P=0.018]. The ORR in the entire group was 35.7%, with a median OS and PFS of 8 and 5 months, respectively. The median AFP stabilization time was 6 months. Univariate analysis showed that a total of 9 factors were associated with OS, including gender, maximum tumor diameter, TBS, China liver cancer staging, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), radiation dose, AFP stabilization time, and tumor response. Multivariate analysis showed that TBS>4.27 ( HR=0.195, 95% CI=0.060-0.638, P=0.007), China liver cancer stage Ⅲb staging ( HR=0.328, 95% CI=0.144-0.745, P=0.008), and AFP stabilization time ≤6 months ( HR=10.282, 95% CI=2.304-45.883, P=0.002) were the independent risk factors for OS in HCC patients complicated with PVTT. Conclusion:HCC patients complicated with PVTT who have low TBS and AFP stabilization time after radiotherapy may obtain longer OS, and the combination of TBS and AFP is expected to become a new risk assessment model.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of terlipatide and bisphosphate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis fractures through a Meta-analysis. METHODS:By searching PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases,18 randomized controlled studies on terlipatide and bisphosphate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis fractures were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Endnote X9 software was used to manage the literature and Revman 5.3 software was used to perform a Meta-analysis on the extracted data.The incidences of vertebral fracture,non-vertebral fracture and adverse reaction in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients treated with terlipatide and bisphosphate were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 18 randomized controlled studies were included,of which 10 were of medium and high quality and 8 were of low quality.Meta-analysis results showed that the fracture incidence in the teriparatide group[risk ratio(RR)=0.56,95%confidence interval(CI):0.48-0.66,P＜0.000 01]was lower than that in the bisphosphonate group,and teriparatide was superior to alendronate in preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis(RR=0.50,95%CI:0.35-0.69,P＜0.000 1)and other bisphosphonates(RR=0.58,95%CI:0.49-0.70,P＜0.000 01).During the follow-up over 18 months,teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis(RR=0.56,95%CI:0.48-0.69,P＜0.000 01).In addition,we found that teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral fractures(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.37-0.62,P＜0.000 01)and non-vertebral fractures(RR=0.63,95%CI:0.51-0.78,P＜0.000 1)in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in increasing lumbar bone density[odds ratio=4.16,95%CI:2.96-5.36,P＜0.000 1)and femoral neck bone density(odds ratio=1.02,95%CI:0.04-2.01,P=0.04).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between teriparatide and bisphosphonates(RR=0.95,95%CI:0.85,1.06,P=0.37). CONCLUSION:Teriparatide is superior to bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis,but the safety and adverse drug reactions of teriparatide and bisphosphonates are basically similar.Teriparatide is superior to bisphosphonate in preventing fracture and improving lumbar and femoral neck bone density regardless of short-term(＜18 months)or long-term(≥18 months)use.

BACKGROUND:Patients with severe lumbar degenerative disease may have their bone mineral density incorrectly raised by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.While lumbar cancellous bone Hounsfield unit value can assist dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in reducing osteoporosis misdiagnosis. OBJECTIVE:To identify osteoporosis in woman patients with lumbar degenerative diseases using lumbar CT scans. METHODS:Bone mineral density test results and lumbar CT data of 192 women patients who were treated at the Department of Spine Surgery,Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were retrospectively reviewed.All patients were divided into a degeneration group(n=107)and a control group(n=85)according to the criteria of severity of vertebral degeneration as assessed on CT of the lumbar spine.The CT value of axial cancellous bone of L1 vertebral body was measured in the two groups.The T score and bone mineral density of the hip and L2-L4 were recorded.According to previously published studies,osteoporosis was diagnosed at L1 vertebral CT values≤110.The prevalence of osteoporosis diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and CT values was compared between the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)CT values were significantly and positively correlated with T scores and mean bone mineral density of the L2-L4 vertebrae in both groups(P<0.001),while the correlation was higher in the control group.(2)Lumbar T scores and bone mineral density values were significantly higher in the degeneration group than those in the control group(P<0.05)and CT values were significantly lower in the degeneration group than that in the control group(P = 0.001).Hip T scores and bone mineral density were not significantly different in the two groups.(3)The prevalence of osteoporosis diagnosed by CT thresholds was higher in all patients than that diagnosed by T values(51.0%and 42.7%).(4)The prevalence of osteoporosis diagnosed by CT values was as high as 23.6%in the 110 patients diagnosed with non-osteoporosis by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in both groups,and was higher in the degeneration group than that in the control group(31.7%and 14.0%,respectively).(5)The prevalence of missed osteoporosis was as high as 38.6%(27/70)of non-osteoporosis patients diagnosed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine in the degeneration group compared to 19.6%(11/56)in the control group.(6)It is concluded that osteoporosis is common in female patients with lumbar degenerative diseases aged≥50 years.Measurement of lumbar cancellous bone CT values may be a useful complementary method for diagnosing osteoporosis in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases,especially in patients with severe degenerative lumbar degenerative diseases where more missed osteoporosis patients can be identified.

BACKGROUND:Studies have exhibited that symmetrical distribution and effective dose of bone cement can reduce postoperative vertebral refractures and help improve outcomes,but obtaining better distribution and dose of bone cement during percutaneous vertebroplasty remains an issue for surgeons. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the risk factors of percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,and to analyze the correlation between these factors and recurrent fractures of the operative vertebral body and adjacent vertebral bodies after percutaneous vertebroplasty. METHODS:111 patients who underwent unilateral approach percutaneous vertebroplasty in Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were screened and divided into fracture group(n=17)and non-fracture group(n=94)according to whether refracture was observed during follow-up.The following variables were reviewed in both groups:Gender,age,body mass index,operation time,menopause age,bone cement distribution index,bone density T value,bone cement dose,location of bone cement distribution,percutaneous vertebroplasty stage,past history,adverse reactions and disc cement leakage of patients.These variables were analyzed by univariate analysis.The statistically significant factors were replaced by a binary Logistic regression model to analyze the correlation with vertebral refracture after percutaneous vertebroplasty. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Univariate analysis demonstrated that after percutaneous vertebroplasty,vertebral refracture was associated with disc cement leakage(P=0.000),cement dose(P=0.049),and cement distribution location(P=0.017).(2)Binary Logistic regression revealed that bone cement leakage(P=0.000),cement dose(P=0.031),and location of cement distribution(P=0.015)were risk factors for recurrent fracture of the operative vertebral body and adjacent vertebral body after percutaneous vertebroplasty.Compared with cement distribution types I,II,and III,the risk of recurrent fracture in the operative and adjacent vertebrae was higher in cement distribution types IV and V(OR=36.340,P=0.016;OR=27.755,P=0.017).(3)It is concluded that recurrent fractures of the surgically operated vertebral body and adjacent vertebral bodies are caused by the interaction of multiple risk factors.Bone cement distribution and bone cement leakage were independent risk factors.Recurrent fractures of the operative vertebra and adjacent vertebrae are more likely when the cement is distributed in type IV and type V.Surgeons should fully assess these risk factors before surgery and develop targeted prevention and treatment strategies to help reduce the risk of future refractures.

Objective: To construct a prediction model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in middle-aged and elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), so as to provide basis for early screening and prevention of T2DM complicated with NAFLD. Methods: Patients aged 45 years and above and diagnosed with T2DM in Karamay Hospital of People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2021 were collected as the study subjects. The data of general demographic characteristics and biochemical test results were collected. The patients were randomly divided into training group (n=3 241) and validation group (n=1 389) according to the ratio of 7∶3. LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression model were used to select predictive factors. The nomograph model for prediction of NAFLD risk in T2DM patients was established. The predictive value of the model was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), adjusted curve and decision clinical analysis. Results: Totally 4 630 T2DM cases were included, including 1 279 cases (27.62%) complicated with NAFLD. LASSO regression and multivariable logistic regression analysis identified gender, age, diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, alanine transaminase, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and platelet count as risk prediction factors for NAFLD in T2DM patients. The area under the ROC curve was 0.823 (95%CI: 0.814-0.832) for the training group and 0.809 (95%CI: 0.799-0.818) for the validation group, and Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed a good fitting effect (P>0.05). Decision curve analysis showed higher net clinical benefit of using the predictive model to predict NAFLD risk when the risk threshold probability was 0.27 to 0.85. Conclusion The nomogram model established has a good predictive value for the risk of NAFLD in T2DM patients aged 45 years and above.

Objective China is among the 30 countries with a high burden of tuberculosis(TB)worldwide,and TB remains a public health concern.Kashgar Prefecture in the southern Xinjiang Autonomous Region is considered as one of the highest TB burden regions in China.However,molecular epidemiological studies of Kashgar are lacking. Methods A population-based retrospective study was conducted using whole-genome sequencing(WGS)to determine the characteristics of drug resistance and the transmission patterns. Results A total of 1,668 isolates collected in 2020 were classified into lineages 2(46.0%),3(27.5%),and 4(26.5%).The drug resistance rates revealed by WGS showed that the top three drugs in terms of the resistance rate were isoniazid(7.4%,124/1,668),streptomycin(6.0%,100/1,668),and rifampicin(3.3%,55/1,668).The rate of rifampicin resistance was 1.8%(23/1,290)in the new cases and 9.4%(32/340)in the previously treated cases.Known resistance mutations were detected more frequently in lineage 2 strains than in lineage 3 or 4 strains,respectively:18.6%vs.8.7 or 9%,P<0.001.The estimated proportion of recent transmissions was 25.9%(432/1,668).Multivariate logistic analyses indicated that sex,age,occupation,lineage,and drug resistance were the risk factors for recent transmission.Despite the low rate of drug resistance,drug-resistant strains had a higher risk of recent transmission than the susceptible strains(adjusted odds ratio,1.414;95%CI,1.023-1.954;P = 0.036).Among all patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis(DR-TB),78.4%(171/218)were attributed to the transmission of DR-TB strains. Conclusion Our results suggest that drug-resistant strains are more transmissible than susceptible strains and that transmission is the major driving force of the current DR-TB epidemic in Kashgar.

Background After working in a harsh occupational hazard environment for a long time, open-pit coal mine workers are under tremendous physical and mental pressure, which is prone to presenteeism behavior. objective To identify the relationships between presenteeism, job burnout, and social support of open-pit coal miners, and verify potential mediating effect of job burnout between social support and presenteeism. Methods In 2020—2021, a questionnaire survey was conducted among employees of 6 open-pit coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang by stratified cluster random sampling. Job Burnout Questionnaire, Job Content Questionnaire, and Presenteeism Behavior Scale were used to evaluate burnout, social support, and presenteeism behavior in the study subjects. SPSS 26.0 software was used for t test, F test, correlation analysis, and mediating effect test. Results A total of 1199 questionnaires were distributed and 1083 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 90.3%. The M (P₂₅, P₇₅) scores of presenteeism behavior, social support, and job burnout were 2.0 (2.0, 5.0), 24.0 (23.0, 26.0), and 45.0 (34.0, 51.0), respectively. The Spearman correlation analysis results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between social support and job burnout (\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}=−0.200, P<0.01), a significant negative correlation between presenteeism and social support (\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}=−0.260, P<0.01), and a significant positive correlation between presenteeism and job burnout (\begin{document}$ r $\end{document}=0.304, \begin{document}$ P $\end{document}<0.01). The results of mediating effect test showed that social support had a negative effect on presenteeism (\begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}=−0.122, \begin{document}$ P $\end{document}<0.001). Social support negatively predicted job burnout (\begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}=−0.779, \begin{document}$ P $\end{document}<0.001). Job burnout had a partial mediating effect between social support and presenteeism, with an effect value of −0.0294 (95%CI: −0.0394, −0.0201), accounting for 24.18% of the total effect. Conclusion Social support negatively affects the presenteeism behavior of open-pit coal mine workers, and job burnout plays a partial mediating role between social support and presenteeism behavior.