Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Safety ; Health Risks ; Food Manufacturing Introduction Food manufacturing in Malaysia exposes workers to numerous potential hazards and health risks throughout the work process. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards safety and health risks among food manufacturing workers and to examine the relationship between these domains. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed involving 80 workers from three food manufacturing factories in Negeri Sembilan. KAP was assessed through a validated questionnaire adapted from a previous study. Results All workers (100%) demonstrated a positive attitude, 98.7% show good practice, and 93.8% exhibit a good level of knowledge towards safety and health risks. The correlation study showed significant positive correlations between gender and attitude, and between education level and attitude, indicating that these sociodemographic factors influence safety attitudes. Work experience is significantly associated with knowledge, suggesting that work experience enhances knowledge. The study also reveals weak positive correlations among knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding safety and health risk, but a significant correlation is observed between knowledge and practice. Conclusions These findings suggest that fostering practical knowledge is essential for ensuring safe work behaviors. Prioritizing hands-on safety training can help bridge the gap between theoretical attitude and daily operational safety, ultimately reducing occupational health risks among food manufacturing workers.

The Relationship Between Quality of Life (QoL) and Academic Performance During E-Learning Among Students in Higher Learning Institution Introduction The level of education and academic performance at the Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) depends on having a better understanding of the standard of living among students there. The study aims to acquire the relationship between psychological, social, and environmental conditions and academic performance during e-learning among students from Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang. This study aims to ascertain the relationship between the variables affecting students' performances and their outcomes in UMP, Gambang. Methodology Data were collected from 326 students through a questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SSPS) version 26 software. Results This study analyzed three aspects that influence students' academic performance toward psychological, social, and environmental. Conclusion The findings show that none of the hypotheses proposed are statistically significant for this study. The analysis result shows that psychological with a spearman-value of -0.043. Spearman-value of -0.097, and for social and environmental with spearman-value of -0.087. The results from this study reveal that all the listed factors have a weak contribution to the student’ academic performance.

This study delves into the realm of sports psychology, aiming to investigate the intricate relationship between family dynamics and athlete nutrition within the context of the Saudi youth national team. Employing a descriptive research approach, a comprehensive questionnaire was administered, comprising three core dimensions: dietary intake assessment, the psychological impact of family dynamics, and individual beliefs regarding their influence on athlete nutrition. The questionnaire encompassed 28 statements and was administered to a sample of 90 players selected from the Saudi youth national team. From a sports psychology perspective, the study uncovers valuable insights. Firstly, it highlights the moderate impact of family dynamics as a social system on the dietary habits of Saudi youth national team players. It is evident that designated mealtimes serve as a crucial social gathering, wherein the family underscores the significance of adequate water consumption and the selection of nutritious foods. Remarkably, this study discerns no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level concerning the relationship between family dynamics and sports nutrition, even when considering variables such as age and economic status among the Saudi youth national team players. In light of these sports psychology-oriented findings, it is recommended that future research endeavors within this domain explore the psychological aspects of how families support and influence athletes in maintaining their health, fitness, and physique through specific dietary regimens. This may include examining the familial dynamics and their psychological impact on athletes’ adherence to nutritional guidelines. Moreover, it is imperative to consider the role of familial support in mitigating psychological stressors related to nutrition and its impact on athletic performance. The integration of sports psychology principles into nutritional counseling and education for athletes and their families could prove highly beneficial. By enhancing understanding and communication within the family unit, athletes may better navigate the challenges of adhering to optimal nutrition strategies. Consequently, this approach has the potential to bolster not only athletic performance but also the overall psychological well- being of athletes, ensuring they are better equipped to handle the pressures of competitive sports.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to determine the frequencies of different clinical presentations and the phenotypic spectrum of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: This cross-sectional study was performed in the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of University Alkhobar in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Data of 190 MS patients who fulfilled the McDonald criteria were retrieved from medical records and analyzed. RESULTS: The age at disease onset was 26.27±8.2 years (mean±SD) and disease duration was 6.38±5.10 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.6. Optic neuritis and myelitis were the most-frequent first clinical presentations. Sensory (73.1%), motor (61%), and visual (58.4%) symptoms were the most-frequent established clinical symptoms. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) was present in 75% of the cases. Supratentorial T2-weighted white-matter lesions and deep-gray-matter or juxtacortical lesions were the most-frequent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, comprising 28% and 23.7% of all MRI lesions observed in 93.6% and 79.4% of the cases, respectively. The scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale were within the range of 1.0–5.5 in 82.1% of the patients. There were 145 (76.3%) patients taking interferon β therapy. CONCLUSIONS: MS presenting in the hospital setting is more common in KSA than reported previously, and the number of diagnosed cases in increasing. It is therefore an emerging and disabling neurological illness in KSA with clinical characteristics not dissimilar to those in other middle eastern countries. A decrease in the frequency of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) indicates either that more new cases of RRMS are being diagnosed or that adequate treatments of RRMS are preventing the evolution to SPMS. Further larger and population-wide epidemiological and clinical studies with the long-term follow-up of MS patients are required to better assess the clinical spectrum of MS in KSA.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferons ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Medical Records ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Multiple Sclerosis, Chronic Progressive ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ; Myelitis ; Neurology ; Optic Neuritis ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Saudi Arabia*

OBJECTIVEThe use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is relatively common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) around the world. Like many other countries, Saudi Arabia has a high incidence of T2DM, and incorporates the use of CAM in its treatment. This study explores the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of CAM therapies among patients with T2DM and explores the relationships between sociodemographics and the KAP of CAM modalities.

METHODSThis is a hospital-based, observational, cross-sectional study that selected 302 outpatients with T2DM, from Diabetic Center of King Salman bin Abdul-Aziz Hospital, in Riyadh city, in May 2014. Patients were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire.

RESULTSThe mean age of patients was (51.6 ± 10.6) years and 43.4% of them were males. The prevalence of CAM practices was 30.5%; 30.39% of them used herbs, 20.58% used wet cupping and 17.64% used nutritional supplements and other therapies. The factors found to predict the use of CAM therapies among patients with T2DM were: age above 51 years, unemployment and the participants± knowledge about the effectiveness of CAM products.

CONCLUSIONThis preliminary study estimated the prevalence of CAM use, revealed positive attitude towards CAM and found three significant predictors of CAM use among patients with T2DM, which is consistent with regional data. A community-based research with a larger sample that targets T2DM population is needed in Saudi Arabia.

Adult ; Aged ; Complementary Therapies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; therapy ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged