Colorectal cancer has substantial morbidity and mortality. Approximately one-quarter of cases are overlooked during screening colonoscopy, leading to interval colorectal cancer. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) through deep learning systems has demonstrated promising results in the detection of polyps and adenomas. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the impact of AI on adenoma detection. To identify relevant studies, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases without restrictions on publication date. Ultimately, we analyzed 16 randomized controlled trials involving 13,685 participants. The primary outcome assessed was the effect of AI-assisted colonoscopy (AIAC) on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes included the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect sizes, and statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the Higgins I 2 statistic, with I 2 cutoff points of 25%, 50%, and 75% indicating low, moderate, and high heterogeneity, respectively. Publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, and the quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. The findings indicated a 26% greater ADR with AIAC than with standard colonoscopy (40.4% vs. 31.9%). Additionally, AIAC was associated with a 30% greater PDR (52.9% vs.40.1%) and a 44% higher APC. The findings demonstrate that the integration of AI in colonoscopy improves ADR, PDR, and APC, potentially reducing the incidence of interval colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer has substantial morbidity and mortality. Approximately one-quarter of cases are overlooked during screening colonoscopy, leading to interval colorectal cancer. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) through deep learning systems has demonstrated promising results in the detection of polyps and adenomas. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the impact of AI on adenoma detection. To identify relevant studies, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases without restrictions on publication date. Ultimately, we analyzed 16 randomized controlled trials involving 13,685 participants. The primary outcome assessed was the effect of AI-assisted colonoscopy (AIAC) on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes included the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect sizes, and statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the Higgins I 2 statistic, with I 2 cutoff points of 25%, 50%, and 75% indicating low, moderate, and high heterogeneity, respectively. Publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, and the quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. The findings indicated a 26% greater ADR with AIAC than with standard colonoscopy (40.4% vs. 31.9%). Additionally, AIAC was associated with a 30% greater PDR (52.9% vs.40.1%) and a 44% higher APC. The findings demonstrate that the integration of AI in colonoscopy improves ADR, PDR, and APC, potentially reducing the incidence of interval colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer has substantial morbidity and mortality. Approximately one-quarter of cases are overlooked during screening colonoscopy, leading to interval colorectal cancer. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) through deep learning systems has demonstrated promising results in the detection of polyps and adenomas. Consequently, our objective was to evaluate the impact of AI on adenoma detection. To identify relevant studies, we searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases without restrictions on publication date. Ultimately, we analyzed 16 randomized controlled trials involving 13,685 participants. The primary outcome assessed was the effect of AI-assisted colonoscopy (AIAC) on the adenoma detection rate (ADR). Secondary outcomes included the polyp detection rate (PDR) and adenomas per colonoscopy (APC). A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled effect sizes, and statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using the Higgins I 2 statistic, with I 2 cutoff points of 25%, 50%, and 75% indicating low, moderate, and high heterogeneity, respectively. Publication bias was investigated using a funnel plot, and the quality of evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation framework. The findings indicated a 26% greater ADR with AIAC than with standard colonoscopy (40.4% vs. 31.9%). Additionally, AIAC was associated with a 30% greater PDR (52.9% vs.40.1%) and a 44% higher APC. The findings demonstrate that the integration of AI in colonoscopy improves ADR, PDR, and APC, potentially reducing the incidence of interval colorectal cancer.

Purpose: Proctitis distal to colorectal anastomosis is rare and infrequently reported. We evaluated the incidence, symptoms, treatment, and potential risk factors associated with this condition. Methods: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study in Västmanland County, Sweden. This investigation included all patients who underwent sigmoidectomy with colorectal anastomosis between 2008 and 2020. We excluded patients without an anastomosis and those with inflammatory bowel disease. Results: Of the 546 patients identified, 233 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, of whom 26 (11.2%) developed proctitis distal to colorectal anastomosis. The most frequent symptoms included urgency (n=16, 61.5%), increased stool frequency (n=12, 46.2%), and anorectal pain (n=12, 46.2%). Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed in 20 cases (76.9%), with 10 requiring only a single therapeutic procedure. The median number of dilations was 3 (range, 1–8). Multivariable analysis revealed that surgery due to malignancy and emergency surgery were associated with elevated risk of proctitis. A subgroup analysis of patients who underwent surgery due to malignancy indicated that smoking (odds ratio, 3.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–14.0) and emergency surgery (odds ratio, 6.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–37.1) were also associated with increased proctitis risk. Conclusion Proctitis distal to colorectal anastomosis is not uncommon following sigmoidectomy. Patients undergoing emergency surgery or surgery due to malignancy and who had a history of smoking displayed an increased risk of developing proctitis. Due to the paucity of symptoms observed, particularly in patients with a diverting stoma, routine endoscopic rectal examination should be performed during follow-up after sigmoidectomy.

Asthenoteratozoospermia is one of the most severe types of qualitative sperm defects. Most cases are due to mutations in genes encoding the components of sperm flagella, which have an ultrastructure similar to that of motile cilia. Coiled-coil domain containing 103 (CCDC103) is an outer dynein arm assembly factor, and pathogenic variants of CCDC103 cause primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). However, whether CCDC103 pathogenic variants cause severe asthenoteratozoospermia has yet to be determined. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed for two individuals with nonsyndromic asthenoteratozoospermia in a consanguineous family. A homozygous CCDC103 variant segregating recessively with an infertility phenotype was identified (ENST00000035776.2, c.461A>C, p.His154Pro). CCDC103 p.His154Pro was previously reported as a high prevalence mutation causing PCD, though the reproductive phenotype of these PCD individuals is unknown. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of affected individuals' spermatozoa showed that the mid-piece was severely damaged with disorganized dynein arms, similar to the abnormal ultrastructure of respiratory ciliary of PCD individuals with the same mutation. Thus, our findings expand the phenotype spectrum of CCDC103 p.His154Pro as a novel pathogenic gene for nonsyndromic asthenospermia.
Asthenozoospermia/pathology* ; Dyneins/genetics* ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Male ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; Mutation ; Mutation, Missense ; Sperm Tail/metabolism*

Objective: The present study aims to investigate the concentrations of Hg and its aspects methyl mercury (Me-Hg) and inorganic mercury (I-Hg) in the biological samples (BSs) of fluorescent lamp industries workers (FLIWs). Methodology: Different BSs including red blood cells (RBCs), plasma, urine, hair and nails were collected from the workers exposed to Hg and unexposed persons were selected as control group to measure both the T-Hg concentration as well as its species in different biological samples through quantitative analysis. Health data was collected through questionnaire survey. Results: The mean concentrations of T-Hg (31.9 µg/L), Me-Hg (27.7 µg/L), and I-Hg (5.36 µg/L) in RBCs were found significantly ( < 0.001) higher among the workers ( = 40) as compared to the control group ( = 40). Similarly the mean Hg concentrations in plasma, urine, hair and nails were also significantly higher among the workers than the control group. The statistical relation between Hg concentration and demographic characteristics observed that workers experience and fish consumption has increased the Hg concentration while age, weight and smoking found no significant effect on Hg concentration in the BSs. Conclusion The study observed that the workers were highly exposed to high concentration of Hg and they are at a high health risk.

OBJECTIVEHelicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative organism. Its outer membrane protein Q (HopQ) mediates host-pathogen interactions; HopQ genotypes 1 and 2 are found associating with gastroduodenal pathologies. The authors measured the anti-adhesion effects of the extracts of Abelmoschus esculentus, Zingiber officinale, Trachyspermum ammi, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Curcuma longa and Capsicum annum against HopQ genotypes and H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA).

METHODSDNA was extracted by polymerase chain reaction of the HopQ genotypes (i.e., type 1, type 2 and CagA) from 115 H. pylori strains. The effect of the extracts from selected dietary ingredients was determined using a gastric adenocarcinoma cell line and a quantitative DNA fragmentation assay. The anti-adhesive effect of these extracts on H. pylori was tested using an anti-adhesion analysis.

RESULTSC. annum, C. longa and A. esculentus showed prominent anti-adhesion effects with resultant values of 17.3% ± 2.9%, 14.6% ± 3.7%, 13.8% ± 3.6%, respectively, against HopQ type 1 and 13.1% ± 1.7%, 12.1% ± 2%, 11.1% ± 1.6%, respectively, against HopQ type 2. C. longa (93%), C. annum (89%) and A. esculentus (75%) had better anti-adhesive activity against H. pylori with HopQ type 1 compared to HopQ type 2 with respective values of 70%, 64% and 51%. Extracts of C. annum (14.7% ± 4.1%), A. esculentus (12.3% ± 4.1%) and Z. officinale (8.4% ± 2.8%) had an anti-adhesion effect against CagA-positive H. pylori strains compared to CagA-negative strains.

CONCLUSIONThe anti-adhesion properties of the tested phytotherapeutic dietary ingredients were varied with HopQ genotypes. HopQ type 1 was found to be more sensitive to extracts of C. annum, C. longa and A. esculentus compared to the HopQ type 2 genotype.