1.Assessment of variations in the nasopalatine canal on CBCT:considerations from an anatomical point of view
Utkarsh YADAV ; Nandita SHENOY ; Junaid AHMED ; Nanditha SUJIR ; Archana M ; Aarti GUPTA
Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science 2025;55(1):62-71
Purpose:
The nasopalatine canal (NPC) is one of the most significant anatomical markers in the anterior maxillary region. Its location is quite important, especially for implant placement. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the morphology, size, and anatomic variations of the NPC.
Methods:
A total of 150 individual CBCT images were assessed in various sections to evaluate the dimensions, morphology, and extent of the NPC. Reformatted sagittal images were chosen to classify the shape and course of the canal. The Student’s t-test, the χ 2 test, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used.
Results:
The NPC was longer in males than in females, and the mediolateral diameter of the canal was greater in older adults. In sagittal sections, the canal predominantly exhibits a cylindrical shape, while a spindle shape is the least common. In coronal sections, a single shape is most frequently observed, with a Y-shape being the least common. Regarding the orientation of the canal, slanted canals are more prevalent, whereas vertically curved canals are rare. Typically, 2 canal openings are observed, with 4 openings being the least common.
Conclusion
The current study highlights the challenges associated with identifying the anatomical appearance and variations of the NPC. Consequently, possessing a thorough understanding of this anatomy is essential before undertaking any surgical procedures, such as implant placement. This knowledge helps prevent complications such as nerve injuryrelated loss of sensation, bleeding due to blood vessel injury, and the development of a nasopalatine duct cyst following trauma to the canal during surgery.
2.Evaluation of the effect of essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain during administration of local anesthesia in children: a randomized clinical trial
Aarti YADAV ; Sandeep A BAILWAD ; Akash BHATNAGAR ; Medha ROY
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2024;24(6):395-406
Background:
The key to a child’s treatment success in a pediatric dental setting is to control discomfort and anxiety. The proposed method supports the execution of a non-aversive behavior management scheme. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain associated with the administration of local anesthesia (LA) in children.
Methods:
This study included 176 children (87 girls and 89 boys) aged 6–9 years, who were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received aromatherapy with essential oil using a nebulizer for 2 min with a 10-min induction period before the administration of LA. Group 2 (control group) was managed using non-pharmacological behavioral techniques. Baseline anxiety levels were recorded for all children before the intervention. LA was administered according to a standard protocol. Postprocedural pain and anxiety were assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS); Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale; and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS)(f). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.
Results:
The Mann–Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in anxiety MCDAS(f) scores between the groups at both baseline (P = 0.022) and post-procedure (P = 0.001). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test also indicated a statistically significant change in anxiety scores within each group from baseline to post-procedure (P = 0.001). Furthermore, VAS, analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, demonstrated a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). Pain scores measured using WBFPRS and SEM scales were significantly lower in the aromatherapy group, as determined using the chi-square test.
Conclusion
Prior use of essential oil aromatherapy can effectively reduce anxiety and pain in children during the administration of LA.
3.Evaluation of the effect of essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain during administration of local anesthesia in children: a randomized clinical trial
Aarti YADAV ; Sandeep A BAILWAD ; Akash BHATNAGAR ; Medha ROY
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2024;24(6):395-406
Background:
The key to a child’s treatment success in a pediatric dental setting is to control discomfort and anxiety. The proposed method supports the execution of a non-aversive behavior management scheme. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain associated with the administration of local anesthesia (LA) in children.
Methods:
This study included 176 children (87 girls and 89 boys) aged 6–9 years, who were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received aromatherapy with essential oil using a nebulizer for 2 min with a 10-min induction period before the administration of LA. Group 2 (control group) was managed using non-pharmacological behavioral techniques. Baseline anxiety levels were recorded for all children before the intervention. LA was administered according to a standard protocol. Postprocedural pain and anxiety were assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS); Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale; and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS)(f). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.
Results:
The Mann–Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in anxiety MCDAS(f) scores between the groups at both baseline (P = 0.022) and post-procedure (P = 0.001). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test also indicated a statistically significant change in anxiety scores within each group from baseline to post-procedure (P = 0.001). Furthermore, VAS, analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, demonstrated a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). Pain scores measured using WBFPRS and SEM scales were significantly lower in the aromatherapy group, as determined using the chi-square test.
Conclusion
Prior use of essential oil aromatherapy can effectively reduce anxiety and pain in children during the administration of LA.
4.Evaluation of the effect of essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain during administration of local anesthesia in children: a randomized clinical trial
Aarti YADAV ; Sandeep A BAILWAD ; Akash BHATNAGAR ; Medha ROY
Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2024;24(6):395-406
Background:
The key to a child’s treatment success in a pediatric dental setting is to control discomfort and anxiety. The proposed method supports the execution of a non-aversive behavior management scheme. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of essential oil aromatherapy on anxiety and pain associated with the administration of local anesthesia (LA) in children.
Methods:
This study included 176 children (87 girls and 89 boys) aged 6–9 years, who were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 received aromatherapy with essential oil using a nebulizer for 2 min with a 10-min induction period before the administration of LA. Group 2 (control group) was managed using non-pharmacological behavioral techniques. Baseline anxiety levels were recorded for all children before the intervention. LA was administered according to a standard protocol. Postprocedural pain and anxiety were assessed using the Wong–Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS); Visual Analog Scale (VAS); Sound, Eye, Motor (SEM) scale; and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS)(f). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0.
Results:
The Mann–Whitney U test revealed a statistically significant difference in anxiety MCDAS(f) scores between the groups at both baseline (P = 0.022) and post-procedure (P = 0.001). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test also indicated a statistically significant change in anxiety scores within each group from baseline to post-procedure (P = 0.001). Furthermore, VAS, analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test, demonstrated a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). Pain scores measured using WBFPRS and SEM scales were significantly lower in the aromatherapy group, as determined using the chi-square test.
Conclusion
Prior use of essential oil aromatherapy can effectively reduce anxiety and pain in children during the administration of LA.

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