This research aimed to investigate postmodernist ethics with an emphasis on Richard Rorty’s moral thought. Anti-fundamentalism, pluralism, anti-authoritarian and emphasis on social solidarity are introduced as the features of postmodernist ethics, followed by the consequences and education implications of this view that can help us in moral education, including adopting a comprehensive and holistic approach in moral education, respecting the various differences of people, taking an anti-authoritarian and authoritarian approach in teaching moral values, and paying attention to and emphasizing the element of alturism. The positive achievement of this approach in moral education is mainly in a new look in moral education, which includes the three basic characteristics of the tendency to pluralism, avoiding absolutism and adopting an anti-authoritarian approach. In addition, the shortcomings and limitations of this view can be mentioned as follows: Absolute surrender of power to avoid falling into the abyss of domineering and excessiveness in it causes the introduction of accepting any type of belief, profession and action on the part of the citizens, under the name of avoiding absolutism, which also makes every opinion, thought and practice acceptable, even if it is inhuman from a human point of view, which can be compatible with the spirit of moral education in a democratic society as a postmodern utopia. In addition, issues such as human solidarity, democracy and local and regional requirements are considered as the foundations of morality; therefore, moral education from a postmodernist point of view, despite their claims, cannot be based on any foundation. The consequences of Rorty’s postmodernism ethics in the field of educational psychology and psychiatry include: facilitation of Teacher-Students Relationship, Attention to the needs and Interests of students, attention to the Power of facilitation and Emotional catharsis of clients, and the Psychiatrists attention to the patient as a moral subject.

Abstract The Authors present a case illustrating factitious disorder, who was previously diagnosed as schizophrenia for 2 years, with a comorbidity of depressive disorder (unspecified) and obsessive-compulsive disorder. The factitious presentation involved exaggeration of symptoms, demanding and challenging behavior towards medical personnel, prolonging of sick role by refusing necessary intervention. Diagnosis of schizophrenia complicated patient’s condition when poly-pharmacy was introduced. The element of deception too provided difficulty in clinician to identify other comorbid psychiatric issue of depression and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), with the suspicion of Borderline Personality Disorder. We emphasize the importance of recognizing possible signs of deception through looking at the atypical presentation throughout the treatment course and consequences following the misdiagnosis. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 25 (1) January, 2024; 1-6.

Background: Delirium is a severe organic disorder in the brain and a type of disorder in the cognitive state associated with reduced attention and cognition. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of delirium in patients undergoing hip joint surgery. Methods: In cross sectional study, the patient's demographic profile form and a checklist of intervening factors designed which were used to measure the prevalence of delirium. The researcher checked the delirium status of the patients on the day before the surgery, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the surgery, and at the time of discharge. Ethical criteria in the research included obtaining informed consent of patients, keeping patients confidential, notifying the delirium status patients to the attending physician for further actions, and not imposing costs on patients. The data were analyzed using Spss software version 16 and descriptive and analytical tests. Results: Result showed, the overall prevalence of delirium in patients was equal to 58 (46.4%), and 92 (73.6%) of patients without a spouse, 112 (89.6%) of patients with poor economic status, 63 (50.4%) of smoking patients, 14 (11.2%) with a history of drug use, 54 (43.2%) with a history of hospitalization in the ICU. Also, the mean (SD) age of the patients was 75.44 (8.43). Conclusions According to the findings, the prevalence of delirium in patients with hip joint surgery was high, that is why it is necessary to carry out preventive interventions to reduce delirium in these patients.

Healthcare staff that operated at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19 hence faced enormous physical and mental pressures. We aim to investigate the mental health situation among physicians and other medical employees in Albania. A cross sectional and descriptive survey was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 time when COVID-19 in Albania was at its peak. χ2/Fisherexact test was used; a significant association between level of mental health and survey characteristics was made. P-value<0.05, while medical employees who work in Tirana had a higher significant score than those living in other regions p<0.05. Nurses and medical doctors were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms compared to other medical employees χ2=85.2, 95% CI, a p-value of ?0.05 than radiologists, stemmatologists, and pharmacists. Furthermore, the younger age groups ≤ 40 years and >55 were more prone to report likely fair, stress, and depressive symptoms compared to other ages (p-value=0.042). This study reports a high level of fair and stress and mild to moderate burdens of depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, studies with a large sample size to include all medical staff nationwide need to identify and evaluate mental health among medical staff in Albania.

Introduction: Motivation is important as one of the major factors for incidence of behaviour in all behaviours such as learning, performance, perception, accuracy, recall, forgetting, thinking, creativity and emotions. The interaction of trainers and nursing students plays a significant role in clinical education and achieving educational objectives. Aim: Considering the wide role of nursing trainers in students leaning clinical experience and their motivation, and based on qualitative studies done so far, the present research was performed to investigate the relationship between educational behaviours of clinical trainers and motivation toward science learning among nursing students. Methods: This cross sectional study was performed on 200 nursing students, third-eighth semester, at a nursing faculty from 1 January to 30 July 2019 at Zanjan university of medical sciences, Iran. The students were included though census. Confidence interval of 95% and a significance level of Pvalue less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results and Conclusion The mean age of the students was 22 years. This study showed that the level of educational behaviours of clinical trainers had a direct correlation with the score of learning motivation subscale of students. It also had a direct significant correlation with the total score motivation toward science learning (p=0.01). The behaviours of clinical trainers and understanding of nursing students about the characteristics of trainers are important in creating motivation, facilitating learning, and improving nursing education.

Corona virus is a crucial respiratory disease, which impacted the health in both aspects, physically and mentally. High expectations, lack of time, skills, and social support may lead to occupational stress among nurses, which spontaneously causes anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder, distress, and other psychological problems. Nurses may also accompany with somatic symptoms, such as palpitations, nausea, dyspnea, and dizziness. The study aims to assess the level of stress among the nurses at SMCH and association between the level of stress and selected demographic variables of staff nurse in quantitative non experimental approach by descriptive research design. A samples was 50 staff nurse selected using recruited by non-probability purposive sampling technique. A selfstructured questionnaire and Likert 5 point scale was used to assess the demographic data and level of stress among the staff nurses. The results shows that, about 38 (76%) of the staff nurse had severe stress, 5 (10%) of the staff nurse had moderate stress and remaining 7 (14%) of the were of mild stress. The chi-square test also shows statistically significant association between education and level of stress among staff nurses at p<0.05 level. This study concluded that, the corona virus has caused severe stress among the nurses at SMCH.

A new strain of the coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified as the cause by the Chinese authorities and the World Health Organization (WHO). At the time, it was referred to as a coronavirus disease 2019 and is now commonly referred to as COVID-19. Gamil Ghaleb Alrubaiee and associates 2020) coronaviruses are a family of enveloped RNA viruses that get their name from the outer edge of their envelope proteins that look like crowns ('corona' in Latin). The purpose of this study was to determine how anxious COVID-19 recovered patients in a specific community area were. A quantitative strategy with a descriptive study design for the research. Purposive sampling is used to collect 50 samples from COVID-19 recovered patients for this study. The average anxiety score among COVID-19 recovered patients was 26.76, with a standard deviation of 5.76 and a minimum anxiety score of 13.0 and a maximum anxiety score of 40.0. In patients who had recovered from COVID-19, the analysis showed that none of the demographic variables had a statistically significant relationship with the level of anxiety.

Objective: Pain is a crucial part of biological mechanism that points out the disruption or impairment in body. It evades further harm by avoiding overuse of the suffering area, and finally promotes physiological homeostasis. Fibromyalgia, a form of chronic pain, does not give signals of damage to the body rather it becomes a potential hazard to the physical and psychological well-being of the person. There is an increased need for management tactics to chronic pain, other than chronic medical illnesses. The present study was aimed to find out the efficacy of CBT in managing chronic pain in patients of fibromyalgia. Method: A total number of 45 participants were approached form different government and private hospitals of Lahore. Initially the participants were assessed on pain intensity and functioning on daily routine activities. After screening total ten participants were further recruited for second phase of this study. The second phase of this study was comprised of two groups; one is control group which received the treatment as usual and the second group was treatment group which received the cognitive behavior therapy to reduce their pain intensity. All the 10 participants were women with the age range of 20-40 years (M=34.60, SD=3.84). Total 9 sessions of CBT with the average of 45 minutes were conducted following the treatment protocol given by Craig and Austin. Results The results showed that two group (treatment and control) were significantly differ on their pre-post pain ratings and their pre-post daily routine functioning. Hence it can be concluded that CBT based treatment protocol works efficiently in reducing pain in patients.

This study aims to verify the adolescents ability to correctly identify mental health disorders such as depression and the intention to seek help, which refers to the determinants of Mental Health Literacy (MHL). As well as understanding the relationship between MHL and the psychological state associated with depression among adolescents in schools. This study was conducted using a cross sectional descriptive design and included 450 adolescent students (215 males and 235 females) from public intermediate and secondary schools in southern Jordan, and they were between 13 and 16 years old from ten randomly selected schools. Data on sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, smoking, exposure to bullying, loneliness, parental marital status, and financial status represented by parental income) of participating adolescents were collected through student data from school principals and then assessed by the Global Student Health Survey (GSHS). MHL among adolescents was assessed and measured using the depression vignette and questionnaire of the mental health literacy and stigma. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) and multivariate binary logistic regression to examine and study the determinants of MHL. The results were obtained, the most important of which was that the adequate levels of MHL among adolescents were clearly and directly related to several factors. This was demonstrated by the use of multivariate analysis. The study concluded that the factors that significantly affected adequate levels of MHL were gender (females), age (older adolescents), non-smoking, and lack of loneliness. Where the values related to these factors obtained from multivariate analysis were (AOR=1.72; 95% CI 1.15, 2.57), (AOR=1.52; 95% CI 1.04, 2.22), (AOR=1.60; 95% CI 1.09, 3.54), (AOR=1.20; 95% CI 1.12, 1.76), respectively. One of the most important recommendations focused in this research is to pay attention to addressing the determinants and levels of MHL adequate to develop a generation of young adolescents who are more aware and free of mental disorders and have high levels of MHL adequate.

Objective: Primary and secondary school students in a unique stage of development, has a unique psychological age characteristics, their mental health screening should be appropriate for their psychological development characteristics. The contents of Middle School Students Mental Health Scale (MSSMHS) were explored and revised, and the reliability and validity of the revised scale were tested. Methods: The middle school and high school students in Shiyan city of Hubei province were selected by random cluster sampling, and the revised mental health scale for middle school students was used to investigate. The 57 items of the original scale were revised, and SPSS25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis of the data. Cronbach's Alpha coefficient under Alpha was used to test the reliability of the scale. Factor analysis was used for structural validity analysis. Results: The results of factor analysis, correlation analysis and internal consistency coefficient showed that the revised scale had high reliability, and its validity also met the requirements of psychological measurement. Conclusion The revised content of "MSSMHS" reasonably avoids cultural taboos and sensitive words of "suicide", and has good reliability and validity, which is worth popularizing in the practice of psychological assessment of middle school students.