Bungsu et al Brunei International Medical Journal 2025;21:82-87 Brunei International Medical Journal Brunei Colorectal Cancer Awareness and Risk Education for Screening (Bru-CARES) Community Project N BUNGSU1, AS HAJI MD ALI1, A HAJI GHAZALI1, S KONG1, MK ABU BAKAR1, NA GULZAR AHMAD1, S SUHAILI1, SK ONG1,2, P HASHMET1,3, VH CHONG1,2, K KOK1, E ERDAL1, H GHANI1*

Introduction: Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes accumulation of iron in circulating blood and organs. The disease is associated with H63D, S65C and C282Y variants of the haemochromatosis (HFE) gene and, if not treated can cause organ damage and may prove fatal. The main objectives of the present survey were to screen these genetic variants and establish risk profiles for developing HH in Malays, Chinese and Indians. Methods: A total of two hundred and twenty-two unrelated and healthy individuals together representing Malay, Chinese and Indian ethnicities in Malaysia were scored for the H63D, S65C and C282Y variants using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results: There are clear differences in H63D, S65C and C282Y allele and genotype frequency distributions between Malays, Chinese and Indians. In particular, H63D is more common in Chinese (5.19%) and Indians (7.29%), while S65C is more common in Malays (1.03%) and Chinese (1.04%). In addition, a susceptibility genotype for HH (the compound heterozygote for C282Y and H63D) was only detected in Indians (0.02%). Conclusion: Overall, our study is the first to provide data on the prevalence of H63D, S65C, and C282Y genetic variants and HH risk profiles for Malays, Chinese and Indians.