Objective To explore the correlation between osteocalcin (OCN) and visceral fat area (VFA) in overweight/obese population. Methods The data of 297 overweight/obese people who underwent health examinations in Health Management Department of Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi&#39;an Jiaotong University from August 2021 to August 2024 were analyzed. According to the VFA value measured by InBody, the subjects were divided into an excessive group (VFA ≥100 cm²) and a normal group (VFA<100 cm2). The baseline data, glucose metabolism indicators, lipid metabolism indicators and OCN were compared between the two groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors affecting visceral fat deposition in overweight/obese people. Results According to the VFA value, there were 193 cases (64.98%) in the excessive group and 104 cases (35.02%) in the normal group. There were no statistical differences in gender, age and comorbidities between the two groups (P>0.05). The BMI, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG, and LDL-C in the excessive group were higher than those in the normal group, while the HDL-C and OCN were lower than those in the normal group (P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that BMI, FPG, HbA1c, TC, TG and LDL-C were independent risk factors for visceral fat deposition in overweight/obese people, while HDL-C and OCN were protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion Visceral fat deposition in overweight/obese people is closely related to OCN content, and is affected by abnormal glucolipid metabolism, which provides new ideas for the prevention and treatment of obesity-related diseases.

Objective To analyze the correlation between serum cystatin C (Cys-C) and bone turnover markers in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 320 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to Huai&#39;an First People&#39;s Hospital from August 2021 to June 2024. Patients were divided into the osteoporosis group and the non-osteoporosis group according to whether they had osteoporosis. General information, bone turnover markers, and serum Cys-C levels were collected from all patients. The data were compared between the two groups to analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis in elderly patients with T2DM and the correlation between serum Cys-C and bone turnover markers. Results The levels of total cholesterol and LDL-C in the osteoporosis group were higher than those in the non-osteoporosis group, and the bone mineral density was lower than that in the non-osteoporosis group (P<0.05). The levels of TPINP, β-CTX, and Cys-C in the osteoporosis group were higher than those in the non-osteoporosis group, and 25-OH-D3 level was lower than that in the non-osteoporosis group (P<0.05). Serum Cys-C was positively correlated with TPINP and β-CTX, and negatively correlated with 25-OH-D₃ (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that total cholesterol, LDL-C, TPINP, β-CTX, 25-OH-D₃, and Cys-C were factors influencing osteoporosis in elderly patients with T2DM (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum Cys-C levels in elderly patients with T2DM and osteoporosis are elevated. There is a significant correlation between Cys-C level and bone turnover markers.

Objective To investigate the relationship between geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and osteoporosis (OP) in elderly hypertensive population. Methods Elderly physical examination population who received dual-energy bone mineral density examination and bone metabolic marker test in the hospital were selected from January 2021 to December 2024. According to whether they had hypertension and dual-energy bone mineral density results, the enrolled patients were divided into hypertension OP group (142 cases ), hypertension non-OP group (173 cases), non-hypertension OP group (102 cases) and non-hypertension non-OP group (100 cases). GNRI of all study subjects was measured. The correlation of GNRI and the occurrence of OP was explored by logistic regression analysis. The predictive efficiency of GNRI on the occurrence of OP was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results The BMD and GNRI in the hypertension group, and the non-hypertension OP group were significantly lower than those in the non-hypertension non-OP group (P<0.05). Compared with the hypertension non-OP group, the BMI, GNRI, BMD, and 25-OH Vit D in the hypertension OP group were significantly reduced (P<0.05) while the PTH level was significantly enhanced (P<0.05).logistic regression analysis showed that GNRI, 25-OH Vit D and PTH were closely related to OP in the elderly hypertensive population (P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis manifested that the AUC value of GNRI alone in predicting OP in elderly hypertensive population was 0.802, which was higher than that of 25-OH Vit D (AUC=0.723) and PTH (AUC=0.643). The AUC, sensitivity and specificity of combination of GNRI, 25-OH Vit D and PTH in predicting OP in elderly hypertensive population were 0.837, 66.20% and 86.13% (P<0.05). Conclusion GNRI is closely related to the occurrence of OP in elderly hypertensive population, and GNRI can be used as a potential indicator to assess the risk of OP.

Objective To investigate the role and molecular mechanism of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI） in rehabilitation after cerebral hemorrhage through a comparative analysis with a control group. Methods A total of 50 patients with cerebral hemorrhage were divided into observation group and control group for comparison. The patients in the observation group received ACEI treatment， while those in the control group received conventional treatment. The two groups were compared in terms of neurological function， brain imaging findings， blood biochemical parameters， and molecular mechanism indicators. Results At the beginning of treatment， there were no significant differences in the above indicators between the observation group and the control group. During the treatment process， the observation group showed significant advantages in neurological function assessment， brain imaging findings， and blood biochemical parameters. Compared with the control group after 1 week of treatment， the observation group had significantly lower neurological function score， absorption rate of cerebral hemorrhagic foci， blood pressure， blood glucose， and blood lipids （P<0.001）. Molecular mechanism indicators showed that compared with the control group， the observation group had significantly lower levels of angiotensin Ⅱ， neuroinflammatory factors， and neuronal apoptosis-related proteins （P<0.001）. Conclusion ACEI significantly promotes rehabilitation after cerebral hemorrhage and can improve neurological function， promote the absorption of cerebral hemorrhagic foci， and regulate blood pressure and the metabolism of blood glucose and blood lipids， and meanwhile，ACEI can exert a neuroprotective effect through multiple molecular mechanisms. Therefore， ACEI may become one of the effective drugs for the rehabilitation of cerebral hemorrhage.
Neuroprotection

Objective: To investigate the potential efficacy and safety of Lutai Danshen Baishao granules (LDBG) for treating female melasma associated with kidney deficiency and blood stasis patterns. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted at the Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, China from March to December 2023. A total of 110 female patients with melasma linked to kidney deficiency and blood stasis were enrolled and treated with either LDBG or a placebo twice daily for 60 days. Efficacy was assessed through measures such as the total melasma area, reduced melasma area, reduction rate of melasma area, melasma color score, Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score scale. Safety assessments included routine blood and biochemical tests. Results: Participants in both groups were aged 52–63 years, with no significant differences. After the 2-month intervention, the total melasma area decreased in both groups; however, a greater reduction was observed in the test group [462.50 mm2 (12.81%) vs. 100.00 mm2 (3.11%), P < .001]. Moreover, LDBG treatment significantly reduced the MASI and melasma color scores in the test group (P < .05). The total TCM symptom evaluation score significantly decreased (test group: 6.00 vs. placebo group: 7.00, P = .001), with significant relief in symptoms such as improvement in dark lips, nails, and waist soreness in the test group, compared with that in the placebo group (P < .05). Within-group comparisons revealed that TCM syndrome was significantly alleviated in the test group (P < .05). Conclusion LDBG intervention shows promising effectiveness in reducing female melasma and alleviating TCM syndromes.

Objective To explore the correlation between the incidence of foodborne diseases and meteorological factors in Jinan, and to provide targeted measures for the prevention and control of foodborne diseases. Methods Data from the reporting systems of two sentinel hospitals for active surveillance of foodborne diseases from 2013 to 2021 in Jinan were collected. The meteorological data in the same period in Jinan were also collected. The generalized additive model was used to explore the nonlinear relationship between meteorological factors and the incidence of foodborne diseases, and threshold function analysis was use to perform subsection regression. Results The incidence of foodborne diseases was positively correlated with daily average temperature (r_s=0.23), relative humidity (r_s=0.05), and daily average wind speed (r_s=0.01), and negatively correlated with daily average air pressure (r_s=-0.19). Based on the GAM results and segmented regression analysis of meteorological factors, it was found that when the daily average temperature was below or above the threshold of 24.63°C, for every 1°C increase in daily average temperature, the incidence of foodborne diseases correspondingly increased by 0.04% and 0.18%. When the daily average wind speed was above the threshold of 2.26 m/s, the incidence of foodborne diseases decreased by 0.36% for every 1 m/s increase in the daily average wind speed. Conclusion Nine years of observation and data analysis have shown that meteorological factors such as daily average temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, and wind speed are related to the incidence of foodborne diseases. These findings suggest that meteorological factors may be important factors leading to foodborne diseases, which provides an important scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.

Objective: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of mechano-growth factor (MGF) on the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). Methods: PDLSCs were obtained using magnetic bead sorting. Flow cytometry was performed to identify biomarkers. The clonogenicity and multidifferentiation potential of PDLSCs were identified by colony-forming unit, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation assays. A CCK8 assay was used to detect the cell activity under different concentrations of mechano-growth factors (MGF-Ct24E). Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA), Scleraxis, collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1）, Osterix, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and phosphorylation Yes-associated protein (P-YAP）in PDLSCs. YAP protein expression was observed by immunofluorescence. Knockdown of YAP expression by a siRNA, detected the expression of PCNA, Scleraxis and COL1A1under MGF-Ct24E in PDLSCs. Results : PDLSCs showed high expression of stem cell markers (CD29, CD90 and CD105) and low expression of hematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45). PDLSCs also have a strong ability to clone. Red calcium junctions were observed by Alizarin red staining, and red lipid droplets were observed by Oil red O staining. After treatment with 50 ng/mL and 100 ng/mL MGF-Ct24E for 24 h, the cell activity of periodontal ligament stem cells was significantly enhanced (P<0.05). The protein expression of PCNA, Scleraxis and COL1A1 was significantly upregulated, and the protein expression of Osterix was significantly downregulated (P<0.05). After treatment with 50 ng/mL mechano-growth factor for 24 h, the phosphorylation of YAP protein was significantly enhanced (P<0.05), and YAP protein was observed to accumulate in the nucleus by immunofluorescence. Following inhibition of YAP expression, PCNA and Scleraxis had significantly downregulated expression caused by MGF-Ct24E (P<0.05). Conclusion MGF promotes proliferation and fibrogenesis via upregulation of YAP activities.

Objective : To investigate the protective effect of caffeine on oxidative stress injury induced by hyperoxia in neonatal SD rats with bronchopulmonary dysplasia ( BPD) and its related mechanism． Methods : Neonatal SD rats were randomly divided into air control group ( N group) ，caffeine air control group ( NC group) ，model group (H group) and caffeine intervention group ( HC group) ．The high oxygen induction method was used to establish the BPD model．Blood and lung tissue of six samples were collected from each group on day 3，7，14 and 21．Each group was divided into four subgroups according to four days of age．The 21-day panel of four groups measured their body weights．The upper lobe of the right lung was used to measure wet-dry weight ratio (W / D) of lung tissue in each group ; the lower lobe of the right lung was sliced after paraffin embedding and stained with hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) to observe morphological changes and calculate radial alveolar count (RAC) values ; the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in blood and lung tissues were determined to evaluate the imbalance of oxidative and antioxidant homeostasis in neonatal rats ; real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcrip- tion polymerase chain reaction ( RT-qPCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of nuclear factor-ery- throid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA in lung tissues. Results : ① H group showed a gradual decline in activity after 3 days and an increasing trend in body weight after 14 days. ② W / D value of H group reached its peak at day 14，and the trend of HC group was similar to that of H group. ③ The lung tissue structure of H group was irregular， RAC value of which decreased significantly after 7 days of peak，and the difference between H group and HC group was statistically significant (P＜0. 01) . ④ The MDA value of H group increased on day 7 and gradually decreased on day 14，while the SOD activity decreased obviously on day 7，and there were significant differences in MDA and SOD activity between H group and HC group at 14 days and 21 days (P＜0. 05) . ⑤ The expression of Nrf2 mRNA in H group was significantly enhanced at day 7 and stabilized at day 14，and there were statistically significant differences between H and HC groups at day 3，day 7 and day 14 (P ＜0. 05) . ⑥ The relative expression level of Nrf2 mRNA was positively correlated with MDA and negatively correlated with SOD． Conclusion Caffeine can regulate oxidative stress response through Nrf2 pathway and alleviate lung oxidative stress injury induced by hyperoxia in neonatal rats with BPD.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic diseases among adult residents in Hunan Province, so as to provide insights into management of chronic diseases. Methods: Permanent residents at ages of 18 years and older were sampled using a multi-stage random sampling method in Hunan Province from April to June, 2021, and participants&#39; demographics, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep quality and development of chronic diseases were collected using questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of chronic diseases was estimated and standardized by the seventh national population census data. In addition, the factors affecting the prevalence of chronic diseases were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of qualified 9 469 adult residents were enrolled, including 4 678 men (49.40%) and 4 791 women (50.60%), with a mean age of (59.37±14.14) years. The overall prevalence and standardized prevalence rates of chronic diseases were 50.84% and 38.44%, respectively, and the prevalence and standardized prevalence rates of hypertension, protrusion of intervertebral disc and diabetes were 18.66% and 15.06%, 6.31% and 5.28%, and 4.44% and 4.18%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that women (OR=1.252, 95%CI: 1.131-1.386), age (45 years-, OR=3.699, 95%CI: 3.104-4.407; 60 years and older, OR=9.255, 95%CI: 7.743-11.064), unmarried/divorced/widowed (OR=1.170, 95%CI: 1.036-1.321), educational level (junior high school, OR=0.730, 95%CI: 0.653-0.816; high school/technical secondary school, OR=0.710, 95%CI: 0.609-0.827; diploma and above, OR=0.586, 95%CI: 0.454-0.758), monthly household income (3 000 yuan-, OR=0.846, 95%CI: 0.759-0.943; 6 000 yuan-, OR=0.819, 95%CI: 0.710-0.943; 10 000 yuan and higher, OR=0.790, 95%CI: 0.657-0.950), smoking (OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.363-1.713), insomnia (OR=2.637, 95%CI: 2.271-3.063) statistically correlated with the development of chronic diseases. Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases was 50.84% among adult residents in Hunan Province in 2021, and hypertension was the predominant chronic disease. Women, the middle-aged and elderly residents, residents with a low educational level and residents with low incomes are at a high risk of developing chronic diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between gait spatiotemporal parameters and balance function in stroke hemiplegic patients. Methods From September, 2018 to March, 2020, 76 stroke hemiplegic patients (38 in Brunnstrom Ⅳ and V, respectively) were assessed balance function with Active Balancer EAB-100 and Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), and gait parameters of speed, cadence and asymmetry, named step length asymmetry ratio (SLA), swing time asymmetry ratio (SWTA), stance time asymmetry ratio (STA), maximum flexion angle ratio (MFA) of hip and knee. The correlation among gait parameters and balance function was analysed. Results The balance and gait parameters were better in those in Brunnstrom V than in Brunnstrom Ⅳ (|t| > 2.268, P < 0.05). The speed and cadence correlated with the most balance indexes (|r| > 0.335, P < 0.05). SLA correlated with SEBT in Brunnstrom Ⅳ patients (r = -0.467~-0.613, P < 0.01), while it correlated with medial-lateral (M-L) stability limits in Brunnstrom V patients (r = -0.356, P = 0.028). SWTA correlated with stability limit of Anterior-Posterior (A-P) (r = -0.335, P = 0.040) and M-L (r = 0.510, P = 0.001), and most of SEBT (r = -0.330~ -0.445, P < 0.05) in Brunnstrom Ⅳ patients. MFA of hip and knee correlated with balance indexes in Brunnstrom Ⅳ patients (|r| > 0.326, P < 0.05), while MFA of knee correlated with most balance indexes in Brunnstrom V patients (r > 0.329, P < 0.05), and MFA of hip correlated with A-P stability limit (r = 0.369, P = 0.023). Conclusion Both speed and cadence of steps can well respond to the balance function in stroke hemiplegic patients. For the asymmetry, it is related with balance in patients with poorer recovery.