Objective To analyze the relationships of familial affective expression with anxiety and depression in adolescents,and to explore the related factors influencing familial affective expres-sion among adolescents.Methods This cross-sectional study employed a multi-stage stratified clus-ter random sampling method to select 2,216 middle school students in Hefei from January 2 to 15,2024,for an online questionnaire survey.The Adolescent Affective Expression Scale,the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders(SCARED),and the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children(DSRSC)were used to assess the level of familial affective expression and the status of anxi-ety and depression among adolescents.The familial affective expression of adolescents with different demographic characteristics was compared;the Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlations of familial affective expression with anxiety and depression;the multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify the influencing factors of familial affective expression among adoles-cents.Results A total of 2,216 questionnaires were distributed,and 2,017 valid questionnaires were returned,yielding a response rate of 91.02％.The total score on the Adolescent Affective Expression Scale was(24.91±7.98),with a detection rate of 17.06％for high familial affective expression.The correlation analysis revealed positive correlations of the total score on the Adolescent Affective Expression Scale with the scores on the SCARED and DSRSC(P＜0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicated that male(B=-2.321,95％CI,-2.587 to-2.106),living in an urban environment(B=-1.196,95％CI,-1.636 to 0.154),having a harmonious parent-child relationship without frequent arguments(B=-2.348,95％CI,-2.631 to-1.759),expe-riencing marital conflict(B=3.615,95％CI,3.015 to 4.123),adopting negative coping strate-gies(B=0.107,95％CI,0.033 to 0.196),and having lower psychological flexibility(B=0.212,95％CI,0.115 to 0.289)were influencing factors of familial affective expression among ad-olescents(P＜0.05).Conclusion Familial affective expression is associated with anxiety and de-pression in adolescents.Gender,living environment,parent-child relationship,marital relationship,coping styles,and psychological flexibility may have certain impacts on familial affective expression among adolescents.

Objective:To analyze the influencing factors related to compulsive exercise in junior high school students.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, in which 836 students enrolled in the 7 th and 8 th grades of the junior high school in Kaifeng City, Henan Province, were consecutively selected from June 1-28, 2023, and their general information was collected, and questionnaires were evaluated by using Compulsive Exercise Test, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Body Image Concern. A total of 836 questionnaires were distributed and 836 questionnaires were returned, of which 797 (95.33%) were valid. Spearman′s correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between alexithymia, positive affects, negative affects, body image concern and compulsive exercise; and hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the effects of alexithymia, positive and negative affects, and body image concern on compulsive exercise in male and female junior high school students. Results:Of the 797 junior high school students included in the analysis, 377 were male, aged (14.41±0.59) years with a height of (1.73±0.07) m and a weight of (63.72±14.31) kg; and 420 were female, aged (14.35±0.55) years with a height of (1.64±0.05) m and a weight of (52.59±8.34) kg. In male and female junior high school students, alexithymia, positive affects, negative affects, and body image concern were positively correlated with compulsive exercise (male: r=0.289, 0.291, 0.286, 0.259, female: r=0.226, 0.297, 0.121, 0.244) (all P<0.05). After controlling for body mass index and age, alexithymia, positive affect, negative affect and body image concern positively predicted compulsive exercise in male students ( β=0.286, 0.294, 0.195, 0.192), and alexithymia, positive affect and body image concern positively predicted compulsive exercise in female students ( β=0.216, 0.349, 0.202) (all P<0.05). Conclusion:Alexithymia and body image concern can increase the risk of compulsive exercise in both male and female junior high school students, and negative affect can increase the risk of compulsive exercise in male students.

Objective:To investigate the effects of methylphenidate combined with exercise intervention on at-tention,self-awareness and problem behaviors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate treat-ment.Based on whether exercise intervention was applied,participants were divided into the joint intervention group(n=49)and the control group(n=57).The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test,Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale,and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)were used to measure children's attention,self-awareness,and problem behaviors.Results:After intervention,children in the joint inter-vention group had shorter reaction time,fewer omissions and errors,and lower PSQ scores(in all dimensions except anxiety and depession)than those in the control group.Additionally,their scores on the full response control quo-tient,full attention quotient,auditory response control quotient,visual response control quotient,auditory attention quotient and visual attention quotient,and Piers-Harrisscores in each dimension were higher than those in the control group(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:Methylphenidate combined with exercise intervention could effectively enhance at-tention and self-awareness of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and reduce problem behaviors.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of social cognition function in the cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy and theory of mind of pupils with high levels of autistic traits.Methods:One hundred and seventy-four elementary school fifth-grade pupils were recruited and divided into high(n=43)and low(n=43)levels of autistic traits groups based on their Autism Spectrum Quotient(AQ)scores(high level≥25 and low lev-el ≤18).Both two groups completed the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy(QCAE)and Interper-sonal Reactivity Index(IRI),as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire and also completed the Yoni and Faux Pas Tasks to examine theory of mind.Results:Compared with the low autistic traits group,the high autistic traits group exhibited significantly lower scores on both the Cognitive and Affective subscales of QCAE(Ps＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences between the high and low autistic traitsgroups in cognitive and affective theory of mind as assessed with the Yoni and Faux Pas Tasks(Ps＞0.05).Conclusion:Pupils with high levels of autistic traits may exhibit significant difference in both cognitive and affective empathy but not in theory of mind comparing to pupils with low levels of autistic traits.

Objective:To investigate the effect of metaphorical acceptance-based intervention on alleviating negative emotions in college students.Methods:Totally 112 college students were assigned to the metaphorical in-tervention group(n=40),the non-metaphorical intervention group(n=36),and the control group(n=36).Both intervention groups received online group intervention once a week for 2 weeks,while the control group received no intervention.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2nd Edition(AAQ-Ⅱ),and a self-report acceptance item were used to assess participants'anxiety,depression,experiential avoidance,and acceptance at baseline,2-week post-intervention,1-week follow-up,and 3-week follow-up.Results:After 2-week interventions,the scores of GAD-7,PHQ-9,and AAQ-Ⅱ in the meta-phorical group were lower than that at baseline,and the scores of self-report acceptance were higher than that at baseline(Ps＜0.01).In the non-metaphorical group,the scores of GAD-7 at 1-week follow-up,the scores of PHQ-9 at 2-week post-intervention and 1-week follow-up,and the scores of AAQ-Ⅱ after 2-week post-intervention were all lower than that at baseline(Ps＜0.05).The scores of self-report acceptance after 2 weeks post-intervention were all higher than baseline(Ps＜0.001).The decrease of scores of AAQ-Ⅱ only mediated the reduction of scores of GAD-7(95％CI=-2.39--0.38)and PHQ-9(95％CI=-2.65--0.44)caused by metaphorical acceptance-based intervention.Conclusion:Online metaphorical acceptance-based intervention may have larger efficacy than non-metaphorical intervention in continuously alleviating anxiety,and the reduction of experiential avoidance plays an important role in alleviating anxiety and depression in metaphorical acceptance-based intervention.

Objective:To explore the protective effects of maternal mindfulness on social withdrawal in young children and the possible mediating effects of mindful parenting,parent-child relationships and moderating effect of approach or withdrawal temperament in it.Methods:Totally 605 mothers of kindergarteners were recruited.They were assessed with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Child Social Preference Scale(CSPS),Inter-personal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale(IM-P),Child-Parent Relationship Scale(CPRS),Parent Temperament Questionnaire(PTQ)for maternal mindfulness,social withdrawal behavior,mindful parenting,parent-child relation-ship and approach or withdrawal temperament respectively.Results:The CSPS scores were negatively correlated with the scores of MAAS,IM-P,CPRS,PTQ(r=-0.65--0.16,Ps＜0.01).IM-P scores and CPRS scores played a chain mediating role between MAAS scores and CSPS scores(β=-0.05,P＜0.01),and CPRS scores played a partial mediating role between MAAS scores and CSPS scores(β=-0.04.P＜0.01).The PTQ scores moderated the relationship between MAAS scores and IM-P scores(β=0.11,P＜0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that not only maternal mindfulness but also the chain mediating effect of mindful parenting and parent-child rela-tionship could affect social withdrawal behavior in young children.The approach or withdrawal temperament could mediate the relationship between maternal mindfulness and mindful parenting.

Objective:To investigate the effects of methylphenidate combined with exercise intervention on at-tention,self-awareness and problem behaviors in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 106 children with ADHD receiving methylphenidate treat-ment.Based on whether exercise intervention was applied,participants were divided into the joint intervention group(n=49)and the control group(n=57).The Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test,Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale,and Conners Parent Symptom Questionnaire(PSQ)were used to measure children's attention,self-awareness,and problem behaviors.Results:After intervention,children in the joint inter-vention group had shorter reaction time,fewer omissions and errors,and lower PSQ scores(in all dimensions except anxiety and depession)than those in the control group.Additionally,their scores on the full response control quo-tient,full attention quotient,auditory response control quotient,visual response control quotient,auditory attention quotient and visual attention quotient,and Piers-Harrisscores in each dimension were higher than those in the control group(Ps＜0.05).Conclusion:Methylphenidate combined with exercise intervention could effectively enhance at-tention and self-awareness of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and reduce problem behaviors.

Objective:To explore the characteristics of social cognition function in the cognitive and affective dimensions of empathy and theory of mind of pupils with high levels of autistic traits.Methods:One hundred and seventy-four elementary school fifth-grade pupils were recruited and divided into high(n=43)and low(n=43)levels of autistic traits groups based on their Autism Spectrum Quotient(AQ)scores(high level≥25 and low lev-el ≤18).Both two groups completed the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy(QCAE)and Interper-sonal Reactivity Index(IRI),as well as the Patient Health Questionnaire and also completed the Yoni and Faux Pas Tasks to examine theory of mind.Results:Compared with the low autistic traits group,the high autistic traits group exhibited significantly lower scores on both the Cognitive and Affective subscales of QCAE(Ps＜0.01).However,there were no significant differences between the high and low autistic traitsgroups in cognitive and affective theory of mind as assessed with the Yoni and Faux Pas Tasks(Ps＞0.05).Conclusion:Pupils with high levels of autistic traits may exhibit significant difference in both cognitive and affective empathy but not in theory of mind comparing to pupils with low levels of autistic traits.

Objective:To investigate the effect of metaphorical acceptance-based intervention on alleviating negative emotions in college students.Methods:Totally 112 college students were assigned to the metaphorical in-tervention group(n=40),the non-metaphorical intervention group(n=36),and the control group(n=36).Both intervention groups received online group intervention once a week for 2 weeks,while the control group received no intervention.The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7(GAD-7),Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2nd Edition(AAQ-Ⅱ),and a self-report acceptance item were used to assess participants'anxiety,depression,experiential avoidance,and acceptance at baseline,2-week post-intervention,1-week follow-up,and 3-week follow-up.Results:After 2-week interventions,the scores of GAD-7,PHQ-9,and AAQ-Ⅱ in the meta-phorical group were lower than that at baseline,and the scores of self-report acceptance were higher than that at baseline(Ps＜0.01).In the non-metaphorical group,the scores of GAD-7 at 1-week follow-up,the scores of PHQ-9 at 2-week post-intervention and 1-week follow-up,and the scores of AAQ-Ⅱ after 2-week post-intervention were all lower than that at baseline(Ps＜0.05).The scores of self-report acceptance after 2 weeks post-intervention were all higher than baseline(Ps＜0.001).The decrease of scores of AAQ-Ⅱ only mediated the reduction of scores of GAD-7(95％CI=-2.39--0.38)and PHQ-9(95％CI=-2.65--0.44)caused by metaphorical acceptance-based intervention.Conclusion:Online metaphorical acceptance-based intervention may have larger efficacy than non-metaphorical intervention in continuously alleviating anxiety,and the reduction of experiential avoidance plays an important role in alleviating anxiety and depression in metaphorical acceptance-based intervention.

Objective:To explore the protective effects of maternal mindfulness on social withdrawal in young children and the possible mediating effects of mindful parenting,parent-child relationships and moderating effect of approach or withdrawal temperament in it.Methods:Totally 605 mothers of kindergarteners were recruited.They were assessed with the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS),Child Social Preference Scale(CSPS),Inter-personal Mindfulness in Parenting Scale(IM-P),Child-Parent Relationship Scale(CPRS),Parent Temperament Questionnaire(PTQ)for maternal mindfulness,social withdrawal behavior,mindful parenting,parent-child relation-ship and approach or withdrawal temperament respectively.Results:The CSPS scores were negatively correlated with the scores of MAAS,IM-P,CPRS,PTQ(r=-0.65--0.16,Ps＜0.01).IM-P scores and CPRS scores played a chain mediating role between MAAS scores and CSPS scores(β=-0.05,P＜0.01),and CPRS scores played a partial mediating role between MAAS scores and CSPS scores(β=-0.04.P＜0.01).The PTQ scores moderated the relationship between MAAS scores and IM-P scores(β=0.11,P＜0.01).Conclusion:It suggests that not only maternal mindfulness but also the chain mediating effect of mindful parenting and parent-child rela-tionship could affect social withdrawal behavior in young children.The approach or withdrawal temperament could mediate the relationship between maternal mindfulness and mindful parenting.