Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a malignant tumor of the head and neck, this article reports a case of a large adenoid cystic carcinoma of the skull base, with the lesion involving the sphenoid sinus, sphenoid bone wings, pterygopalatine fossa, nfratemporal fossa, hard palate, and other structures. The treatment plan consisted of surgical excision, primary reconstrction of the surgical defect,and postoperative radiotherapy, resulting in a favorable prognosis for the patient.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic/surgery* ; Maxillary Sinus/surgery* ; Maxillary Sinus Neoplasms/surgery* ; Palate, Hard/surgery* ; Skull Base Neoplasms/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps

Objective:To analyze the application efficacy of employing high-density porous polyethylene （Su-por） in combination with temporoparietal fascial flaps via a minimally invasive scalp incision in auricular reconstruction. Methods:This study carried out a retrospective analysis of 50 patients （50 ears in total） who underwentprimary auricular reconstruction with a Su-por scaffold in our hospital from June 2022 to January 2024. All patients underwent primary auricular reconstruction using a minimally invasive scalp incision with high-density porous polyethylene （Su-por） and temporoparietal fascial flaps. The postoperative treatment effects and complications were statistically analyzed. Results:The reconstructed ears of all patients survived. After 6 months of follow-up, the scar hyperplasia of the scalp minimally invasive incision was not obvious in any patient, and no significant hair loss was observed. The reconstructed auricle of 48 patients had a realistic shape and strong three-dimensional sense. With the extension of follow-up time, the three-dimensional structure of the auricle became clearer, and patient satisfaction increased. Among the remaining two patients, one case of flap necrosis survived after skin grafting and dressing changes. One patient had scar hyperplasia at the incision of the reconstructed ear due to a scar-prone constitution, and the shape of the auricle was not ideal, but the scar hyperplasia at the scalp incision was not obvious. Conclusion:One-stage ear reconstruction with high-density porous polyethylene （Su-por） combined with superficial temporal fascia flap through a minimally invasive scalp incision can better show the fine structure of the reconstructed ear. The minimally invasive scalp incision can effectively reduce the occurrence of scar hyperplasia and postoperative alopecia at the scalp incision.
Humans ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Tissue Scaffolds ; Polyethylene ; Ear Auricle/surgery* ; Male ; Scalp/surgery* ; Female ; Skin Transplantation ; Fascia/transplantation* ; Porosity ; Adult ; Middle Aged

Objective:To investigate the application value of nasolabial flaps in addressing tissue defects after resection of benign and malignant nasal vestibular lesions. Methods:The clinical data of patients with benign and malignant nasal vestibular lesions were analyzed retrospectively. There were 4 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of black hairy nevus and 1 case of chronic proliferative inflammatory lesions, all of which were repaired by adjacent nasolabial flap. Results:After 6 months of follow-up, none of the patients developed nasal vestibular contracture or nostril stenosis, and postoperative nasal ventilation function was good. Conclusion:The preoperative design of individual nasolabial flaps is very important for maintaining maxillofacial aesthetics, protectingthe nasolabial framework, and preserving postoperative nasal ventilation function.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Nose Neoplasms/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Nose/surgery* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery* ; Aged ; Skin Transplantation

Objective:This study aims to explore the clinical effectiveness of a novel treatment method for refractory laryngeal contact granuloma, involving CO2 laser excision with local pedicled mucosal flap transfer combined with type A botulinum toxin injection. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 18 patients with refractory laryngeal contact granuloma who visited Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University from January 2021 to June 2023. These patients underwent CO2 laser excision of the granuloma with local pedicled mucosal flap transfer combined with type A botulinum toxin injection. During follow-up, electronic laryngoscopy were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and local laryngeal mucosa, voice quality, and pharyngeal discomfort symptoms were evaluated. Results:Postoperative electronic laryngoscopy revealed the disappearance of granulomas in all 18 patients. Symptoms such as hoarseness, foreign body sensation in the throat, and cough were significantly improved. No complications were observed systemically or locally. No recurrence was observed during one-year follow-up. Conclusion:CO2 laser excision of granuloma with local pedicled mucosal flap transfer combined with type A botulinum toxin injection could eliminate the lesion, restore the integrity of the vocal fold lining, preserve the perichondrium, and provide a time window for mucosal flap recovery. This approach adheres to the principle of preserving normal mucosa, achieves a high cure rate, and is therefore worthy of widespread promotion and application in clinical practice.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; Granuloma/therapy* ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Granuloma, Laryngeal/therapy* ; Laryngeal Diseases/therapy* ; Lasers, Gas/therapeutic use* ; Laryngoscopy ; Laser Therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:To assess the efficacy of "three-step" strategy for preparing autologous pedicled nasal mucosal flaps in repairing cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） leaks following transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery. Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 25 patients who developed CSF leaks after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University between July 2012 and June 2022. Surgical repair was selected step by step using nasal septal mucosal flap with either the posterior septal artery or septal branch of the sphenopalatine artery as the pedicle, or a pedicled middle turbinate mucosal flap. All patients underwent ≥2-year endoscopic follow-up to assess flap viability and CSF leak recurrence. Results:The median postoperative hospital stay was 4 days. Five patients developed intracranial infections postoperatively. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 12 years. Nasal endoscopic examinations showed good mucosal flap growth, with no recurrence of CSF leakage in any of the patients. Conclusion:High-flow cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） leaks following pituitary tumor surgery pose significant challenges for clinical repair. Based on intraoperative nasal septal mucosal preservation and the condition of sellar base CSF leakage, the "three-step" strategy for preparing autologous pedicled nasal mucosal flaps-utilizing posterior septal artery, ethmoidal artery-based, or pedicled middle turbinate mucosal flaps sequentially-is a safe and effective repair method.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps ; Nasal Mucosa/surgery* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak/surgery* ; Adenoma/surgery* ; Postoperative Complications/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged

Objective:To observe the effects of different repair methods in the defects after Mohs surgical excision of malignant nasal tumors. Methods:Twenty-two cases of external nasal malignant tumor surgery from January 2021 to May 2024 were selected as the research. The tumors were resected using Mohs surgical technique, and the defects were repaired using forehead axial flap, bipedicle flap, nasolabial flap, free full-thickness skin graft from the groin, forehead axial flap, facial kite flap, and composite flap of earlobe cartilage and perichond. The postoperative flap survival, external nasal morphology, and tumor recurrence were observed. Results:Among the 22 cases, there were 1 case of Kaposis sarcoma（KS）, 2 cases of squ cell carcinoma, and 19 cases of basal cell carcinoma. Tumors were located at the nasal root in 3 cases, the nasal dorsum in5 cases, the nasal tip in 2 cases, the ala in 8 cases, both the ala and the nasal dorsum in 2 cases, nasal columella, the nasal tip, and the ala in 1 case, the nasal tip, the nasal dorsum, the ala, and paranasal area in 1 case. The size of the defects ranged from 1.2 cm×1.4 cm to 3.7 cm×4.8 cm. Three cases were repaired with forehead axial flaps, four cases with bilobed flaps, thirteen cases with nasolabial groove flaps, one case with free full-thickness skin grafts from the inguinal region, and one case with a combination of forehead axial flaps and facial kite flaps plus a composite of earlobe cartilage and perichondrium. All flaps survived well after surgery. Patients were followed up for 6 months to 3 years after surgery, during which no tumor recurrence was observed, and most patients were satisfied with appearance of their nose. Conclusion:Mohs surgery is used to excise the malignant tumor of the external nose, and satisfactory surgical results can be obtained by using different repair methods based the location and size of the postoperative defect.
Humans ; Mohs Surgery/methods* ; Nose Neoplasms/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps ; Skin Transplantation ; Male ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell/surgery* ; Skin Neoplasms/surgery* ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Nose/surgery* ; Aged ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery*

Objective:To introduce a new design of super-micro flap for endoscopic ear surgery, and to evaluate the application effect of super-micro flap in endoscopic tympanoplasty. Methods:Between January, 2023 and March, 2024, 58 patients（64 ears） with tympanosclerosis underwent tympanoplasty with super-micro flap. Continuous irrigating mode endoscopic ear surgery（CIM-EES） was used to complete type Ⅱ or Ⅲ tympanoplasty with the tragus cartilage with followed up for 12 to 24 months. The operation time, postoperative efficacy and complications were statistically analyzed. Results:Of the 64 ears, 63 ears had primary healing of the tympanic membrane, and 1 ear had cartilage necrosis due to multi-drug resistant bacteria infection. The second operation was performed one year later, and the success rate of operation was 98.40%. The average operation time was （48.40±8.86） minutes. The average hearing threshold of 0.5 kHz to 4.0 kHz before operation was （59.63±10.62） dB HL, and the average air conduction threshold of 0.5 kHz to 4.0 kHz one year after operation was（38.79±10.91） dB HL, which was significantly improved compared with that before operation（P<0.01）. Bone conduction threshold also improved significantly （24.49±8.55） dB HL vs（21.88±7.58） dB HL（P<0.01）. No outer tympanic membrane healing and ear canal scar stenosis occurred. Conclusion:The design of super-micro flap can effectively solve the interference of flap floating during continuous irrigating mode in endoscopic ear surgery, relieve the difficulty of flap reposition, simplify the operation process, help to shorten the operation time, and reduce the possibility of circular scar stenosis of conventional free flap, which provides a new flap design option for endoscopic ear surgery.
Humans ; Tympanoplasty/methods* ; Endoscopy/methods* ; Surgical Flaps ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Myringosclerosis/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Tympanic Membrane/surgery* ; Adolescent ; Young Adult

The unilateral cleft lip repair surgery has undergone over a century of development, marked by achievements and difficulties. Although the development of the methods for cleft lip repair has passed the period of rapid advancement, there remains an urgent need in clinical practice to further improve these methods in order to enhance clinical outcomes. This article aims to improve cleft lip repair methods by analyzing and elaborating on various aspects, including the attributes of cleft lip repair, the shift in concepts of cleft lip repair, innovations in surgical techniques, technical improvements, and classifications and repair methods for correcting secondary deformities. The analysis is based on the author's research and experience.
Cleft Lip/surgery* ; Humans ; Plastic Surgery Procedures/methods* ; Surgical Flaps

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study aimed to investigate factors influencing positional changes of the condyle and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) following mandibular defect reconstruction with bone flaps, and to evaluate the biomechanical impacts of flap reconstruction on condylar positioning, thereby providing evidence for optimizing surgical protocols and TMJ functional rehabilitation. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 90 patients undergoing mandibular segmental resection with immediate bone flap reconstruction at Guizhou Medical University Affiliated Stomatological Hospital (June 2019 to May 2024). After strict screening, 50 cases with complete data were analyzed. Clinical parameters (defect size, location, reconstruction method) and craniofacial CT scans at four timepoints [preoperative (T0), 7-10 days (T1), 3 months (T2), and 6 months (T3) postoperatively] were collected. Mimics 20 software facilitated 3D reconstruction for measuring TMJ anterior/posterior/superior joint spaces (Kamelchuk method) and calculating condylar position via the Pullinger index [Ln (posterior/anterior space)]. Vitral and Krisjane methods quantified mandibular linear parameters (ramus length, condylar pole distances to the sagittal plane, angulation) and glenoid fossa morphology. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 21.0. RESULTS: Mandibular defect size and location were significant factors influencing postoperative condylar position changes (P<0.05). Compared to preoperative measurements, postoperative condylar anterior, posterior, and superior joint spaces were significantly increased (P<0.001). The most pronounced anterior condylar displacement occurred within 7-10 days postoperatively (P<0.05). In patients with condyle resection, postoperative joint space and angle changes were significant; in patients with condyle preservation, only superior and anterior joint space changes were statistically significant (P<0.05). Additionally, from T1 to T2, the changes in condylar medial-lateral distance, superior joint space, and anterior joint space were negatively correlated with the preoperative condylar position. Compared with preoperative,in the T0-T1 period, condylar medial-lateral distance, posterior joint space, and articular tubercle angle changes were significantly negatively correlated with time (P<0.05). Notably, the angle between the condylar long axis and the coronal axis showed a sustained negative trend from T1 to T3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Condylar position changes after mandibular defect repair with bone flap reconstruction are associated with the size and location of the defect. Additionally, adaptive remodeling of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) joint space occurs postoperatively. The phenomenon of anterior displacement of the condyle in the early postoperative period (7-10 days) shows a trend of reduction with prolonged follow-up time, and further sample size research is needed.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporomandibular Joint/surgery* ; Mandibular Condyle/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Mandibular Reconstruction/methods* ; Mandible/surgery* ; Surgical Flaps ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional

OBJECTIVES: Color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) were utilized to evaluate changes in mucosal vascular parameters and the osteogenic effects following guided bone regeneration (GBR) in the maxillary anterior region using trapezoidal or modified triangular flaps. METHODS: Patients undergoing single maxillary anterior dental implant surgery with GBR were randomly allocated into two groups: a trapezoidal flap group and a modified triangular flap group. After GBR surgery, the mucosal vascular parameters at the surgical site were assessed at various time intervals (preoperative, 2 h, 1 and 3 days, and 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperative) using CDFI. In addition, the effects of bone augmentation were evaluated through the analysis of CBCT images obtained preoperatively, 2 h, and 6 months postoperative. RESULTS: The buccal mucosa in the edentulous area had a lower blood flow rate than the corresponding tooth in the same jaw, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The mucosal blood flow rate in the surgical area increased compared with that in the preoperative period. The peak flow rate was recorded at 2 weeks postoperatively and then decreased to levels comparable to those of the reference tooth. A statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups (P<0.05). The buccal alveolar ridge width of the implant platform was reduced by (1.3±0.9) mm in the trapezoidal flap group and (0.9±0.7) mm in the modified triangular flap group, respectively, at 6 months postoperatively, compared with 2 h postoperative. The buccal alveolar ridge width of the 5 mm from the implant platform was reduced by (0.9±0.6) mm and (0.3±0.6) mm, respectively. The buccal alveolar ridge width of the 10 mm from the implant platform was reduced by (0.6±0.8) mm and (0.2±0.6) mm, respectively. The height of the alveolar ridge was reduced by (1.9±1.4 ) mm and (1.4±1.3) mm. The change in graft volume was (136±78 ) mm³ and (114±85) mm³. However, the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS When a tooth is missing, blood flow to the buccal mucosa on the side of the missing tooth is reduced. The modified triangular flap group demonstrated superior microcirculation of blood flow in the operative area after GBR of the maxillary anterior teeth. Trapezoidal and modified triangular flaps achieved the anticipated bone augmentation during bone augmentation surgery in the maxillary anterior region, with no considerable effect on the changes in alveolar bone size parameters.
Humans ; Surgical Flaps/blood supply* ; Bone Regeneration ; Mouth Mucosa/blood supply* ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Osteogenesis ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal/methods*