BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Telerehabilitation is the remote delivery of rehabilitation services using telecommunication technologies. Its local adoption was catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting the need to assess user acceptance. This study aimed to determine the acceptance of stroke telerehabilitation among patients, carers, and rehabilitation providers in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation at St. Luke’s Medical Center – Global City and Quezon City.

METHODS

This descriptive cross-sectional study used purposive sampling to recruit 73 rehabilitation providers and 10 consumers. Data were collected using a self-administered survey based on the Technology Acceptance Model, covering perceived ease of use, usefulness, and behavioral intent. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis.

RESULTS

Most providers (94.4%) were familiar with telerehabilitation, while only half of the consumers were aware of it. Acceptance was moderate among providers (mean score: 35.75 ± 8.67) and high among consumers (mean score: 31.6 ± 7.52). Female providers were less likely to accept telerehabilitation (p=0.049). Consumers identified financial constraints and lack of a companion as key barriers, while providers cited internet issues and technology use. Both groups viewed telerehabilitation positively for teleconsultation, teletherapy, and telemonitoring. Smartphones were the preferred device; Viber and Facebook Messenger were the most commonly chosen platforms.

CONCLUSION

Stroke telerehabilitation was moderately to highly accepted by rehabilitation stakeholders in two tertiary private hospitals in Manila. Findings may guide institutional planning for telerehabilitation services. Training, infrastructure support, and awareness campaigns can help address implementation barriers.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Remote Consultation ; Physical And Rehabilitation Medicine ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Telecommunications ; Telerehabilitation ; Cross-sectional Studies ; Technology ; Stroke ; Covid-19

OBJECTIVES

Clinical pathways (CPs) ensure adherence to heart failure (HF) management guidelines. To optimize quality care in a low resource setting, an evidence-based care pathway for the management of acute HF was implemented at the emergency department (ED) of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), the designated national tertiary hospital and referral center. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of adults with acute HF admitted at the ED and evaluate the quality of care they received, measured using physician adherence to the hospital’s acute heart failure CP.

METHODS

This was a retrospective, descriptive cohort study. We reviewed the inpatient charts of all adult patients with acute HF admitted to the ED of the PGH and referred to the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine between December 1, 2022 and May 31, 2023. Quality of care was assessed based on adherence to quality indicators adapted from routine and conditional order sets detailed in the pathway. Descriptive statistics was utilized to describe patient characteristics, quality of care, and outcomes.

RESULTS

Two hundred thirty-six (236) patients were included, with a mean age of 51.8 years. Majority were male (53.4%); hypertension (61.4%) and ischemic heart disease (53.8%) were the most common comorbidities, and infection the most common precipitant of decompensation (60.6%). There were optimal adherence rates to routine orders, which included referrals to Internal Medicine and Cardiology, baseline vital signs monitoring, fluid intake and output monitoring, chest radiograph, complete blood count, blood urea nitrogen, sodium, potassium, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, arterial blood gas, urinalysis, and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide. Conditional orders, such as oxygen support, focused echocardiography, thyroid - stimulating hormone, and the use of vasopressors, diuretics, and venous thromboembolism prophylactic agents, were optimally performed when warranted. However, we noted suboptimal adherence to certain resource-intensive conditional orders, such as hourly monitoring of urine output (61.4%), hooking to cardiac monitor (53.8%), and performance of 12-lead ECG within 10 minutes (56.8%). Further, only 43.9% of patients were referred to the intensive care unit. Troponin I, calcium, magnesium, and albumin were ordered in excess.

CONCLUSION

Overall adherence rate of physicians to the hospital’s Acute Heart Failure Pathway was satisfactory. Work is needed to improve adherence to hourly urine output monitoring, consistent hooking to cardiac monitor, and timely performance of 12-lead ECG – an effort that begins with expanding in-hospital diagnostic equipment and human resource supply. We recommend continuous pathway implementation with periodic evaluation and stakeholder feedback to further improve quality of care.

Human ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Adult ; Albumins ; Blood ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Calcium ; Cardiology ; Chart ; Charts ; Cohort Studies ; Critical Care ; Critical Pathways ; Diagnostic Equipment ; Disease ; Diuretics ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Equipment And Supplies ; Evaluation Studies As Topic ; Feedback ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Heart Failure ; Hormones ; Hospitals ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Indicators And Reagents ; Infection ; Infections ; Inpatients ; Intensive Care Units ; Internal Medicine ; Lead ; Magnesium ; Male ; Medicine ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain ; Natriuretic Peptides ; Nitrogen ; Overall ; Oxygen ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Patients ; Peptides ; Philippines ; Physicians ; Potassium ; Prothrombin ; Prothrombin Time ; Quality Of Health Care ; Referral And Consultation ; Sodium ; Statistics ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Thorax ; Thromboembolism ; Thromboplastin ; Thyroid Gland ; Time ; Troponin ; Troponin I ; Universities ; Urea ; Urinalysis ; Urine ; Venous Thromboembolism ; Vital Signs ; Work ; Workforce

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Evidence base on employment-related medical examinations is highly variable. The aim of this study is to build expert agreement on the appropriate medical and laboratory tests in major industries in Quezon City.

METHODS

An initial scoping review of local, national, and international policies on employment-related diagnostic testing was done. The determination of industries at the selected study site (Quezon City) was accomplished through Pareto analysis. Interviews of key informants and representatives, and a consensus-building process through an expert panel were carried out by the Philippine College of Occupational Medicine (PCOM) Quezon City Chapter. Data gathered was used in the study and analyzed. An initial list of medical tests and diagnostics was drafted and the Modified RAND appropriateness method was used as the choice of mixed methods consensus-building process by an expert panel.

RESULTS

Regulations often vary significantly within settings and implementers, particularly the scope, content, and procedures for medical examinations of workers. History taking (including occupational history) and physical examination are the cornerstones of the screening process. CBC and chest x-ray were deemed appropriate screening laboratory tests for asymptomatic preemployment examination, while only chest x-rays were used during periodic examinations. Additional tests for medical surveillance should be based on job demands and specific exposure. For specific chemical exposure, standard references for medical requirements, like from Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), can be referred to.

CONCLUSION

A shift in how occupational health and safety measures are implemented is needed, particularly in the pre-employment and periodic examination practices, for more relevant screening while preventing unnecessary and low-yield testing and reducing costs for the employer and the employee. An occupational screening checklist/questionnaire based on the results of the study that includes appropriate clinical history-taking, review of systems (ROS), physical examination, and laboratories must be devised, which is to be followed by training in the proper conduction of these medical assessments.

Occupational Medicine ; Occupational Health ; Public Health ; Preventive Medicine

BACKGROUND

Burn injuries remain a significant global public health problem, causing substantial morbidity, mortality, and economic burden, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where nearly 90% of cases occur. Despite the importance of timely and appropriate first aid in reducing complications, community responses to burn injuries in many settings continue to rely on traditional or non-evidence-based practices.

OBJECTIVES

This qualitative phenomenological study explored community-based knowledge and responses related to the causes and first aid of burn injuries.

METHODS

The study involved ten (10) purposively selected informants residing in South Mangga Dua Urban Village, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Data collection methods included semi-structured interviews, direct observations, and focus group discussions (FGDs). Thematic analysis was used.

RESULTS

Three (3) core domains were identified: (1) community perceptions of burn causes and classifications, (2) indigenous first aid practices used in domestic settings, and (3) sources of knowledge and information pathways related to burn first aid. Participants commonly attributed burns to incidents involving fire, hot liquids, and electrical faults. Their understanding of burn severity was limited to superficial assessments, with little awareness of clinical classifications. First aid responses were largely based on traditional practices such as the application of toothpaste, honey, or aloe vera, while evidencebased practices like using running water were rarely mentioned. Notably, most participants relied on familial teachings and informal community experiences as their primary sources of knowledge, with limited exposure to health professionals or verified media content.

CONCLUSION

Community knowledge is culturally rooted but misaligned with medical standards, potentially leading to unsafe practices. Culturally sensitive health education integrating traditional beliefs and accurate information is essential to improve outcomes in burn injury management.

Wounds And Injuries ; Residence Characteristics ; Public Health ; Mortality ; Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; Income ; Financial Stress ; Burns ; Health Education ; Attitude ; First Aid ; Medicine ; Health Communication ; Urban Population

BACKGROUND

Continuing Medical Education (CME) serves as a cornerstone for maintaining clinical competence and improving patient care. In the Philippines, CME has become increasingly digital, with the UP Med Webinars emerging as a leading platform for physician education over the past decade. Despite this growth, there has been limited evaluation of how well these webinars align with national health priorities, particularly those reflected in PhilHealth hospital admissions and claims data, which provide insights into the country's disease burden and healthcare utilization patterns.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to determine the extent to which the topics and reach of UP Med Webinars correspond with the Philippine health system’s most pressing clinical demands. Specifically, it aimed to analyze the trend in number of webinars by year; analyze the distribution of webinar topics by medical field; assess physician attendance as a proxy for clinical interest and engagement; evaluate the alignment between UP Med Webinar content and national health priorities based on PhilHealth’s top conditions, procedures, and reimbursed claims.

METHODS

The study used a qualitative content analysis of all Continuing Professional Development (CPD)-accredited UP Med Webinars from 2015 to 2024, supported by descriptive statistics. Webinar titles were coded thematically and categorized by topic and medical field. Attendance figures were analyzed to identify high-demand topics. These results were compared with PhilHealth Claims Reports (2020–2024), focusing on the top reimbursed medical diagnoses and procedures, to assess alignment with disease burden and health service delivery trends. These findings can help inform strategic planning for CME programs to ensure they remain responsive to the country's evolving public health needs.

RESULTS

From 2015 to 2024, a total of 686 CPDaccredited UP Med Webinars were conducted, attended by 685,994 participants. The annual number of webinars and attendees steadily increased, peaking during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022) with heightened demand for virtual CME and pandemic-related topics. Internal Medicine consistently emerged as the most frequently covered field, accounting for 54.1% of webinars and 48.8% of total attendance, followed by Obstetrics and Gynecology (14.4% of webinars; 19.6% of attendance) and Pharmacotherapeutics (6.0% of webinars; 6.9% of attendance). Certain fields, including COVID-19 and Psychiatry, attracted disproportionately high attendance despite fewer sessions, indicating strong interest during periods of public health urgency. The top 10 webinar topics included Diabetes, Pregnancy, Cancer, Hypertension, Reproductive Health, COVID-19, Heart Disease, Antimicrobial Treatment, Vertigo, and Vaccination, reflecting a mix of chronic disease management, maternal health, infectious diseases, and emergent health concerns.

Comparison with PhilHealth claims data (2020– 2024) revealed a high disease burden in Internal Medicine, Obstetrics, and Pediatrics, with top medical conditions including Pneumonia, Dengue, Hypertensive emergencies, and Stroke. These findings indicate a strong alignment between the most covered webinar topics and national healthcare utilization trends, particularly in high-burden clinical areas.

CONCLUSION

Findings suggest that the UP Med Webinars have generally aligned with national health priorities, as indicated by PhilHealth claims data, particularly in highburden fields such as Internal Medicine and Obstetrics. However, gaps in coverage for certain high-priority conditions and procedures point to opportunities for more inclusive and data-driven CME planning. Aligning CME content with evolving health system needs can enhance its relevance, support clinical practice improvements, and ultimately contribute to better population health outcomes in the Philippines.

Education, Medical, Continuing ; Medicine ; Health Priorities

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE

Identifying the factors and reasons behind medical students’ choice of medical specialty will provide an understanding to the health sectors and may serve as data for interventions necessary to address issues such as manpower allocation. This study aimed determine the factors that affect career interest in emergency medicine among postgraduate interns (PGI) of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH).

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among UP-PGH PGI from August 2022 to June 2023. A website link for the validated questionnaire utilized previously by a similar study among medical students in Saudi Arabia was sent to the respondents which instructed them to choose the top 3 medical specialties that they were interested to pursue. Their top choices were evaluated through a 5-point Likert scale that ranged from 1-no influence to 5-major influence which included factors such as medical lifestyle, social orientation, prestige, hospital orientation, role model and varied wide scope of practice that were further divided into 30 variables. Data analysis was done using one-way ANOVA to compare the factors among specialty groups.

RESULTS

A total enumeration was conducted, involving 161 respondents. Respondents chose the following in order of preference as top choice: primary care (PC) (54.7%), controllable lifestyle (CL) (27.3%), surgical specialties (SS) (16.8%), and emergency medicine (EM) (5.6%). In the EM group, medical lifestyle was ranked the highest influential categorized factor and prestige as the least. The most important individualized factors that influence career interest in EM are acceptable hours of practice, able to spend appropriate time with family and focus on urgent care.

CONCLUSION

EM specialty was the least chosen top specialty among PGI. Medical lifestyle was considered to be the most influential factor among the EM group and prestige as the least. The low number of respondents who expressed interest in EM necessitates active promotion of the specialty to prevent the shortage of emergency physicians in the future.

Human ; Emergency Medicine

BACKGROUND : Artificial intelligence (AI) offers innovative and efficient training methods for neurosurgery residents, yet existing evidence remains fragmented, often limited to specific technological applications and failing to fully assess their impact on clinical competence. Therefore, this study aimed to map the current evidence on AI applications in neurosurgery and curriculum development. METHODS : This study was conducted following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines by searching for observational or experimental studies on AI in neurosurgery residency education (2020–2025) in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords included variations of “training,” “artificial intelligence,” and “neurosurgery”. After screening 719 initial records and assessing their eligibility, 10 studies were selected for narrative synthesis. RESULTS : A review of 10 studies reveals 2 key roles for AI in neurosurgical training: improving psychomotor skills through machine learning-integrated simulators and reinforcing theoretical knowledge through large language models (LLMs). Virtual reality (VR) simulators such as NeuroVR and virtual operative assistant provide objective metrics and personalized feedback, with assessment accuracy of up to 80%. LLMs such as ChatGPT show 50.4–84.8% accuracy in answering exam questions. However, simulators cannot yet capture all surgical competencies, and LLMs are still weak in processing image-based data. CONCLUSIONS AI can improve neurosurgical training through personalized, objective learning tools, but AI simulators and LLMs remain supplements and cannot replace human expertise in clinical reasoning and complex image interpretation.
artificial intelligence ; education ; internship and residency ; medicine ; neurosurgery ; simulation training

Through the investigation of relevant literature, the concepts, methods, languages and tools of ontology were explored, and the suitable methods and tools for the ontology construction of acupoint anatomy were selected. The current mainstream anatomical ontology and related ontology of TCM were investigated so as to provide the reference for the ontology construction of acupoint anatomy. According to the knowledge attributes of acupoint anatomy, the foundational model of anatomy (FMA) was served as the reusable ontology, and in association with the attribute classification of traditional Chinese medicine language system (TCMLS), the construction approach to acupoint anatomical ontology was explored. By taking "anatomical entity of acupoints" as the top-level concept, the demonstrative study on the anatomical ontology construction was conducted on the acupoints of lung meridian of hand-taiyin.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Meridians ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Biological Ontologies

The paper introduces 5 books written by WANG Mengying, including Suixiju Chongding Huoluan Lun, Guiyan Lu, Wenre Jingwei, Wang Mengying Yi'an and Suixiju Yinshipu; and analyzes the ideas of diagnosis and treatment of cholera and the academic thoughts in treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy. In pathogenesis, cholera is classified into cold and heat types. Cholera of heat type roots on qi and blood. If the pathogenic factors are mild and located shallowly, the sneezing method, followed by scraping method, is adopted to open meridians and collaterals, as well as the qi level, so as to eliminate pathogens. When the pathogens go deeply, the bloodletting technique is used to clean the toxic heat in blood level and reduce the reversed qi. For cholera of cold type, warm ironing moxibustion is delivered to promote qi circulation and disperse cold, and improve qi movement. If spasm and syncope occur in cholera, no matter of cold or heat identification, the emergent measure is operated with the external application of pungent, warm and salty herbal plaster at Yongquan (KI1). When the pathogens are almost eliminated, the herbal medicines are combined to treat the symptoms and remove the causative factors of the disease.
Acupuncture Therapy/history* ; Moxibustion/history* ; Humans ; Cholera/history* ; China ; History, Ancient ; Medicine in Literature ; Books/history*

Treatment based on meridian differentiation is a characteristic method in clinical acupuncture diagnosis and treatment. Accurately defining and explaining its main content and core concepts is essential for effective clinical guidance. This paper reviews the historical and contemporary understanding, concepts, and primary content of treatment based on meridian differentiation. It proposes a four-step process for clinical application: meridian examination, treatment based on meridian differentiation, acupoint selection, and appropriate treatment methods, with TCM syndrome differentiation applied throughout. Constructing a diagnostic and treatment system which is based on meridian differentiation and suited to clinical acupuncture is significant for enhancing therapeutic efficacy and maximizing the benefits of acupuncture in disease treatment.
Humans ; Meridians ; Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Acupuncture Points ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional