The almost all guidelines of allergic rhinitis (AR) diagnosis and treatment in the world agree the strategy of "combination of prevention and treatment, four in one". There are more descriptions about anti-allergic medications and allergen immunotherapy (AIT), but less contents of environmental control and health education. It is necessary to emphasize again that clinicians must attach great importance to environmental control and strengthen health education in order to realize the three-level prevention of AR and reduce its harm.
Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic/prevention & control* ; Desensitization, Immunologic/methods*

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of Miao medicinal crossbow acupuncture therapy as adjuvant treatment for lung cancer pain based on oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release tablet. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with lung cancer pain were randomized into an observation group (30 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (30 cases). In the control group, oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release tablet was given orally, 10 mg a time, once every 12 hours. On the basis of the treatment in the control group, Miao medicinal crossbow acupuncture therapy was applied once every other day in the observation group. The treatment of 14 days was required in the two groups. Before and after treatment, the numerical rating scale (NRS) score, number of break-out pain and Karnofsky performance status (KPS) score were observed in the two groups. The equivalent oxycodone consumption and rate of adverse reactions were recorded, the analgesic effect was evaluated in the two groups. RESULTS: Compared before treatment, the NRS scores and number of break-out pain were decreased while the KPS scores were increased after treatment in the two groups (P<0.01). After treatment, the NRS score and number of break-out pain in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.01), the KPS score in the observation group was higher than the control group (P<0.05). The equivalent oxycodone consumption of whole course and the rate of adverse reactions i.e. constipation, drowsiness, nausea and vomiting in the observation group were lower than the control group (P<0.05). The analgesic effect rate was 93.1% (27/29) in the observation group, which was superior to 63.3% (19/30) in the control group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION On the basis of oxycodone hydrochloride extended-release tablet, Miao medicinal crossbow acupuncture therapy as adjuvant treatment can effectively relieve the pain degree, reduce the number of break-out pain and improve the health status and quality of life in patients with lung cancer pain, enhance the efficacy of medication and reduce its adverse reactions.
Humans ; Cancer Pain ; Oxycodone ; Quality of Life ; Lung Neoplasms ; Pain ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Lung ; Analgesics

This paper summarizes professor GUAN Ling's clinical experience in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with structure-based medical acupuncture (SMA). Based on anatomy and biomechanics and through accurate physical examination, SMA adjusts the mechanical imbalance of muscles to relieve KOA dysfunction, and releases nerve compression to attenuate pain symptoms of KOA. In reference to traditional acupoint selection, and in association with painful areas and mechanical deduction, ashi points located at the rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles, etc. are specially stimulated with acupuncture; and the rehabilitation training and health education are the adjuvant treatment for the patients.
Humans ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Acupuncture Points ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Pain ; Quadriceps Muscle

In order to increase the ability of oil-emulsion adjuvant to stimulate cellular immunity, chitosan hydrochloride with positive charge was selected to stabilize oil-in-water emulsion (CHE). In this paper, model antigen ovalbumin was selected to prepare vaccines with emulsion adjuvant, commercial adjuvant or no adjuvant. The emulsion was characterized by measuring the particle size, electric potential and antigen adsorption rate. BALB/c mice were immunized by intramuscular injection. Serum antibody levels, the numbers of IL-4-secreting cells in splenocytes, cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and the expression of central memory T cells were measured to evaluate the immunostimulatory effect. The results showed that chitosan hydrochloride can effectively stabilize the emulsion. The emulsion size is about 600 nm, and the antigen adsorption rate is more than 90%. After immunization, CHE could increase serum antibodies levels and increase IL-4 secretion. Expression of CTL surface activation molecules was also increased to stimulate CTL response further and to increase the CD44⁺CD62L⁺ in T cells proportion. CHE as adjuvant can stimulate humoral and cellular immunity more efficiently, and is expected to extend the duration of protection.
Animals ; Mice ; Chitosan ; Interleukin-4 ; Emulsions ; Immunization ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/pharmacology* ; Antigens ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

Humans ; Microglia ; Alzheimer Disease ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; Receptors, Immunologic

We conducted a prospective study to assess the non-inferiority of adjuvant chemotherapy alone versus adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as an alternative strategy for patients with early-stage (FIGO 2009 stage IB-IIA) cervical cancer having risk factors after surgery. The condition was assessed in terms of prognosis, adverse effects, and quality of life. This randomized trial involved nine centers across China. Eligible patients were randomized to receive adjuvant chemotherapy or CCRT after surgery. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS). From December 2012 to December 2014, 337 patients were subjected to randomization. Final analysis included 329 patients, including 165 in the adjuvant chemotherapy group and 164 in the adjuvant CCRT group. The median follow-up was 72.1 months. The three-year PFS rates were both 91.9%, and the five-year OS was 90.6% versus 90.0% in adjuvant chemotherapy and CCRT groups, respectively. No significant differences were observed in the PFS or OS between groups. The adjusted HR for PFS was 0.854 (95% confidence interval 0.415-1.757; P = 0.667) favoring adjuvant chemotherapy, excluding the predefined non-inferiority boundary of 1.9. The chemotherapy group showed a tendency toward good quality of life. In comparison with post-operative adjuvant CCRT, adjuvant chemotherapy treatment showed non-inferior efficacy in patients with early-stage cervical cancer having pathological risk factors. Adjuvant chemotherapy alone is a favorable alternative post-operative treatment.
Female ; Humans ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Neoplasm Staging ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant/adverse effects* ; Adjuvants, Immunologic ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies

Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/genetics*

Objective: To investigate the incidence and risk factors of systemic allergic reactions induced by subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) in patients undergoing SCIT injections in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH). Methods: This is a single center retrospective cohort study. Using the outpatient information system of PUMCH, the demographic information and injection-related reaction data of patients undergoing SCIT injection in Allergy Department of PUMCH from December 2018 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed to count the incidence and risk factors of systemic allergic reactions caused by SCIT. Mann-Whitney nonparametric test or chi-square test was used for single-factor analysis, and multiple logistic regression was used for multiple-factor analysis. Results: A total of 2 897 patients received 18 070 SCIT injections in Allergy Department during the four years, and 40 systemic allergic reactions occurred, with the overall incidence rate of 0.22%. The incidence of systemic allergic reaction was 0.37% when using imported dust mite preparation and 0.15% when using domestic multi-component allergen preparation. The risk factors significantly related with SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions in patients using imported dust mite preparation were age less than 18 years old (OR=3.186,95%CI: 1.255-8.085), highest injection concentration (OR value could not be calculated because all patients with systemic reactions were injected with highest concentration), and large local reaction in previous injection (OR=22.264,95%CI: 8.205-60.411). The risk factors for SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions in patients using domestic allergen preparation were 5 or more types of allergens (OR=3.455,95%CI: 1.147-10.402), highest injection concentration (OR=3.794,95%CI: 1.226-11.740) and large local reaction in previous injection (OR=63.577,95%CI: 22.248-181.683). However, SCIT injection in pollen allergic patients during the pollen season did not show a correlation with systemic allergic reaction. Conclusion: The incidence of SCIT-induced systemic allergic reactions was low in the Chinese patient population of this study. Patients with one or more risk factors, such as multiple allergen injection, highest injection concentration, large local reaction in previous injection, should be given high attention and vigilance against systemic allergic reactions.
Humans ; Allergens ; Asian People ; Desensitization, Immunologic/adverse effects* ; Hypersensitivity/epidemiology* ; Retrospective Studies

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an immune-mediated acquired hemorrhagic autoimmune disease. At present, the first-line therapeutic drugs for ITP include glucocorticoids and intravenous immunoglobulins. However, about 1/3 of the patients had no response to the first-line treatment, or relapsed after dose reduction or withdrawal of glucocorticoids. In recent years, with the gradual deepening of the understanding on the pathogenesis of ITP, the drugs targeting different pathogenesis continually emerge, including immunomodulators, demethylating agents, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist. However, most of these drugs are in clinical trials. This review summarized briefly the recent advances in the treatment of glucocorticoids resistance and relapsed ITP, so as to provide reference for the clinical treatments.
Infant, Newborn ; Humans ; Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy* ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use* ; Thrombocytopenia ; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/therapeutic use* ; Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use*

Objective:To investigate the compliance of patients with allergic rhinitis（AR） receiving sublingual immunotherapy and its influencing factors. Methods:The clinical data of 291 AR patients who received sublingual immunotherapy for dust mites at the First Hospital of Peking University from January 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed, and their outpatient or telephone follow-up was conducted. For patients whose treatment time was less than 2 years, the time and reason for the loss were recorded, and the factors affecting their compliance were discussed from the aspects of gender, age, and education. Results:Among the 291 patients, 245 cases（84.2%） were successfully followed up, and 193 cases（78.8%） fell off midway（treatment time<2 years）. The overall compliance rate was 21.22%（52/245）. The compliance rate of children is higher than that of adults（χ²=21.306, P<0.05）, and gender and education level have no significant effect on the compliance rate. The time period for the largest number of shedding was 6-<12 months after treatment（68 cases, 27.8%）. The main cause of shedding was symptom relief, which was considered cured（16.7%）. Secondly, within 3 months after treatment, a total of 61 patients（24.9%） fell off, of which 34 cases（13.9%） fell off because of troublesome medication, often missed medication, and simply stopped taking the drug. Statistics on the overall reasons for shedding in 193 patients, the top three shedding reasons were: cured after symptom relief（59 cases, 30.6%）, troublesome medication, discontinuation after missed dose（44 cases, 22.8%）, slow onset or ineffectiveness（26 cases, 13.5%）. Conclusion:The overall compliance of sublingual immunotherapy in patients with allergic rhinitis is poor, and the compliance of children is better than that of adults. Clinicians should focus on the reasons for patients to fall off at various times, strengthen patient education, enhance patient confidence in treatment, and improve the compliance of patients.
Adult ; Child ; Animals ; Humans ; Sublingual Immunotherapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Rhinitis, Allergic/drug therapy* ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Pyroglyphidae ; Immunotherapy ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides/therapeutic use*