ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of hand-arm bimanual intensive training （HABIT） based on the FITT-CORRECT principles on upper limb function and functional independence in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. MethodsA total of 87 children with spastic hemiplegia were enrolled and randomly divided into an observation group （n=44）， which received HABIT based on the FITT-CORRECT principles， and a control group （n=43）， which received conventional HABIT. Both groups received intervention for 6 weeks. The quality of upper extremity skills test （QUEST）， peabody developmental motor scales-fine motor （PDMS-FM）， and the functional independence measure for children （WeeFIM） were administered before and after treatment. The root mean square （RMS） values of the biceps and triceps brachii during maximum isometric contraction of elbow flexion and extension on the affected side were also measured. ResultsBefore treatment， there were no significant differences between the two groups in QUEST， PDMS-FM， WeeFIM scores， or RMS values of the biceps and triceps during maximum isometric contraction of the affected elbow （P>0.05）. After 6 weeks of treatment， no significant change was observed in the RMS values of the triceps during elbow flexion in either group （P>0.05）. All other outcome measures improved significantly in both groups （P<0.05）. The observation group showed significantly greater improvements in dissociated movement and grasp scores of QUEST， grasp and visual-motor integration scores of PDMS-FM， WeeFIM scores， as well as RMS values of the biceps during elbow flexion and both the biceps and triceps during elbow extension on the affected side （P<0.05）. ConclusionCompared with conventional HABIT， HABIT based on the FITT-CORRECT principles is more effective in improving upper limb function and functional independence in children with spastic hemiplegia.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of c-MET protein in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its associations with clinicopathological parameters, MET gene amplification status, and prognosis, and to evaluate the concordance between immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detection strategies, thereby providing evidence for patient selection for MET-targeted therapy. Methods A total of 193 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from CRC patients were collected. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to detect c-MET protein expression, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to evaluate MET gene amplification status. The associations between c-MET protein expression and clinicopathological characteristics, including KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutation status, as well as progression-free survival (PFS), were analyzed. The concordance between IHC and FISH detection results was also evaluated. Results c-MET protein expression was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). Significant differences in c-MET expression were observed between primary tumors and liver or peritoneal/pelvic metastatic lesions (P<0.05). The proportion of high c-MET expression was significantly higher in KRAS-mutant patients than in KRAS wild-type patients (41.38% vs. 16.92%, P<0.05). The MET gene amplification rate was 8.29% (16/193), including clustered or diffuse amplification in 1.55% (3/193) and heterogeneous amplification in 6.74% (13/193). No MET exon 14 skipping mutation or amplification was detected by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Using an IHC H-Score≥150 as the threshold, the positive percent agreement (PPA) between IHC-detected c-MET protein expression and FISH-detected MET gene amplification was 100%. All clustered MET amplification regions exhibited diffuse strong c-MET expression (IHC 3+). No statistically significant association was observed between c-MET expression level and PFS (P>0.05). Conclusion High c-MET expression may represent a potential therapeutic target for KRAS-mutant CRC patients. An H-Score ≥150 is recommended as the initial screening threshold to rapidly identify patients suitable for MET-targeted therapy, with FISH testing when necessary. Diffuse strong c-MET expression (IHC 3+) shows high concordance with clustered MET gene amplification.

Objective: To assess parental expectations for the development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and identify factors associated with these expectations, so as to provide references for improving rehabilitation outcomes and long term development in children with ASD. Methods: From June 2024 to January 2026, a total of 877 children with ASD and their parents were recruited from 27 rehabilitation institutions in Hefei. The children had been diagnosed by chief physicians at tertiary level hospitals. Demographic characteristics and data on parental expectations were collected by the Parental Expectations Questionnaire. Differences in parental expectations between groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U- test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test, and associated factors were examined using quantile regression. Results: The mean item score for overall parental expectations among parents of children with ASD was (4.55±0.47), and scores for all dimensions were higher than those among parents of typically developing children ( t =11.11-31.14, all P <0.01). Child age, school enrollment, and maternal personality were associated with daily living expectation scores, learning and special talents and strengths expectation scores, and special talents and strengths expectation scores, respectively ( H =6.16-8.18, all P <0.05). Parents of preterm children had higher expectations for social interaction, physical and mental well being, and daily living than parents of non-preterm children ( Z =-2.56, -2.48, -2.39, all P <0.05). Multivariate quantile regression analysis showed that children’s age was associated with the expected level of self care ability; school enrollment status was associated with the expected level of learning and specialty strengths; maternal personality was associated with the expected levels of social competence, physical and mental health, self care ability, and specialty strengths; parental age was associated with the expected levels of physical and mental health and specialty strengths; and parental educational attainment was associated with the expected level of self care ability ( β =-0.36-0.41, all P <0.05). Conclusion Parents of children with ASD in Hefei generally have high expectations for their children s development across the domains of learning, daily living, social interaction, and physical and mental well being.

GPR126, also known as ADGRG6, is one of the most deeply studied aGPCRs. Initially, GPR126 was thought to be a receptor associated with muscle development and was primarily expressed in the muscular and skeletal systems. With the deepening of research, it was found that GPR126 is expressed in multiple mammalian tissues and organs, and is involved in many biological processes such as embryonic development, nervous system development, and extracellular matrix interactions. Compared with other aGPCRs proteins, GPR126 has a longer N-terminal domain, which can bind to ligands one-to-one and one-to-many. Its N-terminus contains five domains, a CUB (complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) domain, a PTX (Pentraxin) domain, a SEA (Sperm protein, Enterokinase, and Agrin) domain, a hormone binding (HormR) domain, and a conserved GAIN domain. The GAIN domain has a self-shearing function, which is essential for the maturation, stability, transport and function of aGPCRs. Different SEA domains constitute different GPR126 isomers, which can regulate the activation and closure of downstream signaling pathways through conformational changes. GPR126 has a typical aGPCRs seven-transmembrane helical structure, which can be coupled to Gs and Gi, causing cAMP to up- or down-regulation, mediating transmembrane signaling and participating in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. GPR126 is activated in a tethered-stalk peptide agonism or orthosteric agonism, which is mainly manifested by self-proteolysis or conformational changes in the GAIN domain, which mediates the rapid activation or closure of downstream pathways by tethered agonists. In addition to the tethered short stem peptide activation mode, GPR126 also has another allosteric agonism or tunable agonism mode, which is specifically expressed as the GAIN domain does not have self-shearing function in the physiological state, NTF and CTF always maintain the binding state, and the NTF binds to the ligand to cause conformational changes of the receptor, which somehow transmits signals to the GAIN domain in a spatial structure. The GAIN domain can cause the 7TM domain to produce an activated or inhibited signal for signal transduction, For example, type IV collagen interacts with the CUB and PTX domains of GPR126 to activate GPR126 downstream signal transduction. GPR126 has homology of 51.6%-86.9% among different species, with 10 conserved regions between different species, which can be traced back to the oldest metazoans as well as unicellular animals.In terms of diseases, GPR126 dysfunction involves the pathological process of bone, myelin, embryo and other related diseases, and is also closely related to the occurrence and development of malignant tumors such as breast cancer and colon cancer. However, the biological function of GPR126 in various diseases and its potential as a therapeutic target still needs further research. This paper focuses on the structure, interspecies differences and conservatism, signal transduction and biological functions of GPR126, which provides ideas and references for future research on GPR126.

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer(TOF-SIMS)is a highly sensitive surface analysis instrument with high spatial resolution.Traditional TOF-SIMS instruments for sample targets use high field extraction methods.Although the ion collection efficiency is high,it is prone to issues such as low-energy ion beam defocusing,sample morphology sensitivity,and organic molecule ion dissociation.This study aimed to develope an efficient low-field ion extraction system suitable for TOF-SIMS with a continuous beam source.The SIMION simulation software was used to construct a model of the secondary ion optical extraction system.The key factors affecting the extraction efficiency were studied,and the structural parameters of the extraction cone were optimized.Using an indium target as the sample,an experimental test of the performance of the ion extraction system was carried out on the TOF-SIMS instrument.The influences of the voltages of the ion extraction cone and the single lens on the ion extraction efficiency were consistent with the simulation results.By adopting the technology of deflection and coaxial dynamic compensation,the imaging field of view of the ion extraction system was increased to 500 μm×500 μm.The energy window of the ion extraction system reached 10 eV,and the large imaging depth of field of 400 μm was achieved.In the test of a 5 mg/L cholesterol thin film sample,the signal-to-noise ratio of the characteristic peak[M-OH]+reached 4453.The results showed that this low-field secondary ion extraction system effectively improved the performance of the continuous beam TOF-SIMS instrument.

In the field of radiotherapy, radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects have attracted increasing attention. Studies indicate that these effects can extend from irradiated regions to non-irradiated cells or tissues. Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects related to lung can be categorized into lung-lung type, lung-extrapulmonary tissue type, and extrapulmonary tissue-lung type. The mechanism of its occurrence involves oxidative stress, immune response, and the role of extracellular vesicles. These effects exhibit a dual characteristic of inducing damage to normal tissues and increasing tumor therapeutic potential. Immune responses represent a pivotal mechanism, and the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy may enhance the incidence of abscopal effects. Researchers are exploring various intervention strategies to control or utilize these effects. Future studies should further investigate the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly in specific organs or sites, to improve the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy. This review explores the latest advances in lung-related radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects, encompassing their definitions, classifications, mechanisms, functional characteristics, influencing factors, and intervention strategies.

The scientific research and innovation capabilities of medical students are intrinsically linked to the sustained and high-quality development of national healthcare initiatives.Cultivating outstanding medi-cal students with independent scientific capabilities and innovative consciousness is a critical component in the education and training of high-level medical professionals.Our investigation revealed that within the imperfections of the cultivating model,some faculty and students at medical schools have an insufficient understanding of scientific research and innovation and lack motivation for engaging in such activities,which hinder the progression of scientific research activities.Consequently,we initiated a teaching practice and exploratory study on the"tutorial system"aimed at fostering medical students'scientific research and innovation abilities.Based on the principle of"research informing teaching,teaching and research advan-cing together,"this study implements a"tutorial system"coordinated by tutors,supplemented by graduate and undergraduate student mentors,to cultivate innovative thinking,stimulate interest in scientific re-search,and enhance practical and research skills among medical students.Through collaborative efforts within"scientific research innovation teams,"various educational methods—including preliminary re-search,in-class and extracurricular activities,intra-group and inter-group interactions,and theoretical and practical applications—are employed to improve and strengthen the cultivation of medical students'scientif-ic research and innovation abilities.This study aims to provide valuable references for optimizing medical education management systems and enhancing the quality of medical student training.

In the field of radiotherapy, radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects have attracted increasing attention. Studies indicate that these effects can extend from irradiated regions to non-irradiated cells or tissues. Radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects related to lung can be categorized into lung-lung type, lung-extrapulmonary tissue type, and extrapulmonary tissue-lung type. The mechanism of its occurrence involves oxidative stress, immune response, and the role of extracellular vesicles. These effects exhibit a dual characteristic of inducing damage to normal tissues and increasing tumor therapeutic potential. Immune responses represent a pivotal mechanism, and the combination of radiotherapy with immunotherapy may enhance the incidence of abscopal effects. Researchers are exploring various intervention strategies to control or utilize these effects. Future studies should further investigate the underlying biological mechanisms, particularly in specific organs or sites, to improve the efficacy and safety of radiotherapy. This review explores the latest advances in lung-related radiation-induced bystander and abscopal effects, encompassing their definitions, classifications, mechanisms, functional characteristics, influencing factors, and intervention strategies.

Objective:To analyze the factors associated with prolonged hospital stay in patients with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) and construct an early identification model.Methods:A case-control study was conducted on 503 newly diagnosed pediatric patients with MPP who received treatment at Suzhou Municipal Hospital from April to December 2023. Clinical data were collected. Patients were divided into an observation group ( n = 240, hospital stay > 8 days) and a control group ( n = 263, hospital stay ≤ 8 days). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent factors that affect hospital stay in the observation group. A Nomogram model was constructed. Results:The incidence of lobar pneumonia in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [62.5% (150/240) vs. 22.4% (59/263), χ2 = 82.94, P < 0.001]. The mean age of the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [5.0 (3.0, 7.0) years vs. 4.0 (2.0, 6.0) years, Z = 2.40, P = 0.016]. The hypersensitive C-reactive protein level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [10.5 (4.8, 22.0) mg/L vs. 6.1 (1.8, 14.2) mg/L, Z = 5.16, P < 0.001]. The ferritin level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [225.3 (180.9, 271.3) μg/L vs. 177.7 (138.0, 222.0) μg/L, Z = 6.31, P < 0.001]. The albumin level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [43.7 (41.0, 46.2) g/L vs. 44.4 (42.3, 46.5) g/L, Z = 2.45, P = 0.014]. The total protein level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [70.0 (66.8, 73.0) g/L vs. 71.5 (67.8, 74.6) g/L, Z = 2.45, P = 0.014]. The lactate dehydrogenase level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [337.5 (301.5, 391.8) U/L vs. 291.0 (258.0, 332.3) U/L, Z = 3.28, P = 0.001]. The creatine kinase level in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group [77.5 (55.3, 115.8) U/L vs. 89.0 (65.0, 126.0) U/L, Z = 2.75, P = 0.006]. The fibrinogen level in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group [4.3 (3.4, 4.8) g/L vs. 3.8 (3.0, 4.6) g/L, Z = 4.17, P < 0.001]. After performing univariate binary logistic regression using the glm method to screen variables, multivariate binary logistic regression was conducted. The results showed that the presence of lobar pneumonia, higher levels of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stays in children with MPP [ OR (95% CI): 3.803 (2.029,7.129), 0.986 (0.974,0.998), 0.994 (0.990,0.998), 0.989 (0.985,0.993), P < 0.001, 0.027, 0.002, < 0.001]. Conclusions:Based on the fundamental clinical laboratory indicators, an early prediction model was constructed for predicting prolonged hospital stay in children with MPP. This model provides a scientific basis for the early assessment of MPP in children and is suitable for broader application.

The scientific research and innovation capabilities of medical students are intrinsically linked to the sustained and high-quality development of national healthcare initiatives.Cultivating outstanding medi-cal students with independent scientific capabilities and innovative consciousness is a critical component in the education and training of high-level medical professionals.Our investigation revealed that within the imperfections of the cultivating model,some faculty and students at medical schools have an insufficient understanding of scientific research and innovation and lack motivation for engaging in such activities,which hinder the progression of scientific research activities.Consequently,we initiated a teaching practice and exploratory study on the"tutorial system"aimed at fostering medical students'scientific research and innovation abilities.Based on the principle of"research informing teaching,teaching and research advan-cing together,"this study implements a"tutorial system"coordinated by tutors,supplemented by graduate and undergraduate student mentors,to cultivate innovative thinking,stimulate interest in scientific re-search,and enhance practical and research skills among medical students.Through collaborative efforts within"scientific research innovation teams,"various educational methods—including preliminary re-search,in-class and extracurricular activities,intra-group and inter-group interactions,and theoretical and practical applications—are employed to improve and strengthen the cultivation of medical students'scientif-ic research and innovation abilities.This study aims to provide valuable references for optimizing medical education management systems and enhancing the quality of medical student training.