Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cooperative Behavior ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Japan ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mass Screening ; Oceania ; Taiwan ; Thailand ; Thyroid Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: The causal association of human papillomavirus (HPV) in uterine cervical cancer was well established and this oncogenic virus was reported to be a biomarker for overall recurrence and central pelvic recurrence. The objective of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the role of HPV DNA testing in early detection of recurrence among cervical cancer survivors after radiotherapy.METHODS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis by means of searching electronic databases for published articles between January 1984 and June 2018, on the basis of standard systematic review guidelines prescribed by major agencies namely Cochrane Collaboration (https://www.cochrane.org) and Campbell Collaboration (https://www.campbellcollaboration.org). The meta-analysis component was further modified appropriately for the synthesis of sensitivity and specificity results.RESULTS: A total of 1,055 cervical cancer cases who had received pelvic radiation with or without chemotherapy from ten cohort studies were evaluated. The overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of HPV DNA testing was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.66–0.94) and 0.35 (95% CI=0.20–0.54) respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 1.3 (95% CI=1.0–1.7) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.45 (95% CI=0.18–1.10) with an estimated diagnostic odds ratio of 3 (95% CI=1–9).CONCLUSION: The screening for HPV DNA testing during follow-up facilitates early detection of recurrence after radiotherapy.
Cervix Uteri ; Cohort Studies ; Cooperative Behavior ; DNA ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Human Papillomavirus DNA Tests ; Humans ; Mass Screening ; Odds Ratio ; Oncogenic Viruses ; Radiotherapy ; Recurrence ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Survivors ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

OBJECTIVE: This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea.MATERIALS AND METHODS: As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions.RESULTS: Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006).CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs.
Cooperative Behavior ; Coronavirus ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Pleura ; Pneumonia ; Radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Abdomen ; Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Humans

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with an unknown etiology and pathogenesis. The incidence and prevalence of IBD are increasing rapidly in Korea. Approximately one-third of patients with IBD appear to develop extra-intestinal manifestations with the skin being one of the most commonly affected organs. They may precede, occur simultaneously, or follow the diagnosis of IBD. In addition, they may parallel with the luminal symptoms or independent from the disease activity of IBD. This review outlines the skin manifestations associated with IBD and discusses their management. Skin manifestations should be managed in close collaboration with a dermatologist.
Colitis, Ulcerative ; Cooperative Behavior ; Crohn Disease ; Diagnosis ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Korea ; Phenobarbital ; Prevalence ; Skin ; Skin Manifestations

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of a child and parent program on developing social skills for preventing violent behaviors in children aged 60~72 months through a specially developed pre and posttest, control group, quasi-experimental study.METHODS: A social skills development program based on Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory was used. The data were collected using the Social Skills Assessment Scale (SSAS), a Chart to Monitor Verbal and Behavioral Violence in Children, the Parental Attitude Scale and the Parent Interview Form. This quasi-experimental study that included a pretest, posttest, and control group had a sample comprising 67 children and parents, with 36 in the experimental group, and 31 in the control group.RESULTS: Over a six-month period, while the social skill scores of the children in the experimental and control groups increased, their violent behaviors decreased (p<.050). Increase in social skill scores and decrease in violent behaviors were higher in the experimental than in the control group children (p<.050). The parents in the experimental group stated that they had started to empathize with their children, using “I” language, and applied rules more consistently after the program.CONCLUSION: This program was successful in preventing violent behaviors in children through the development of social skills. Hence, it can be effectively implemented through a teacher/nurse collaboration.
Child ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Nursing ; Parent-Child Relations ; Parents ; Social Skills ; Violence

The incidence of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is on the rise, accounting for up to 25% of IBD cases. Pediatric IBD often has extensive bowel involvement with aggressive and rapidly progressing behavior compared to adult IBD. Because IBD has a high morbidity rate and can have a lifelong impact, successful transition from pediatric to adult care is important to maintain the continuity of care. Furthermore, successful transition facilitates appropriate development and psychosocial well-being among patients, as well as comprehensive and harmonious healthcare delivery amongst stakeholders. However, there are various obstacles related to patients, family, providers, and organizations that interfere with successful transition. Successful transition requires a flexible and tailored plan that is made according to the patient's developmental abilities and situation. This plan should be established through periodic interviews with the patient and family and through close collaboration with other care providers. Through a stepwise approach to the transition process, patients' knowledge and self-management skills can be improved. After preparation for the transition is completed and the obstacles are overcome, patients can be gradually moved to adult care. Finally, successful transition can increase patients' adherence to therapy, maintain the appropriate health status, improve patients' self-management, and promote self-reliance among patients.
Adult ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Continuity of Patient Care ; Cooperative Behavior ; Crohn Disease ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases* ; Self Care ; Transition to Adult Care*

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the current and prospective status of nursing in Korea and develop a strategic framework and plan to accommodate the increased demands on nurses in the changing health-care system. METHODS: This study used a mixed-methods approach including a literature review, an online survey with health-care consumers, expert panel interviews, and an analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to develop the strategic plans and framework. RESULTS: The vision of the strategic framework involved improving health and quality of life, and its mission was to elevate the status of Korea's nursing sector as a key health-care profession through high-quality and innovative nursing education, research, and practice. The five values in accordance with the mission and vision were innovation, creation, collaboration, excellence, and authenticity. Three strategic goals, namely, education, research, and practice, were identified, and 31 related strategic tasks were developed. CONCLUSION: In response to the rising social demand for a paradigm shift in nursing care services, there is a need for advancements in nursing education, research, and practice in Korea. This study provide some recommendations to achieve these aims.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Health Policy ; Korea ; Nurse's Role ; Nursing Care ; Nursing ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life

Dysplasia is a precancerous lesion of colorectal cancer in patients with long-standing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Recent guidelines suggest endoscopic resection as a key modality for the treatment of endoscopically resectable dysplasia in patients with colitis. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been suggested as one of the therapeutic options for dysplasia that is potentially resectable but not suitable for the conventional endoscopic mucosal resection technique. Several recent studies supported the feasibility of ESD for the treatment of colitis-associated dysplasia in terms of the en bloc and complete resection rates and the risk of procedure-related complications. However, these studies were performed exclusively in expert centers. Moreover, the local and metachronous recurrence rates were relatively high, and long-term outcome data are still lacking. Endoscopists should be highly skilled in colorectal ESD and have an intensive understanding of not only the lesions but also the conditions of patients with IBDs. Therefore, the decision to perform ESD for colitis-associated dysplasia should be made scrupulously after careful discussion with patients, in collaboration with a multidisciplinary IBD team including physicians, surgeons, and pathologists specialized in IBDs.
Colitis ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cooperative Behavior ; Crohn Disease ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; Recurrence ; Surgeons

Capsule endoscopy (CE) is a preferred diagnostic method for analyzing small bowel diseases. However, capsule endoscopes capture a sparse number of images because of their mechanical limitations. Post-procedural management using computational methods can enhance image quality. Additional information, including depth, can be obtained by using recently developed computer vision techniques. It is possible to measure the size of lesions and track the trajectory of capsule endoscopes using the computer vision technology, without requiring additional equipment. Moreover, the computational analysis of CE images can help detect lesions more accurately within a shorter time. Newly introduced deep leaning-based methods have shown more remarkable results over traditional computerized approaches. A large-scale standard dataset should be prepared to develop an optimal algorithms for improving the diagnostic yield of CE. The close collaboration between information technology and medical professionals is needed.
Capsule Endoscopes ; Capsule Endoscopy ; Cooperative Behavior ; Dataset ; Methods