Abstract Background: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignancy of the nasopharyngeal mucosal epithelium. Primary and secondary metastases in nasopharyngeal cancer are generally prevalent in the bones. Gene expression plays a critical role in regulating fundamental cellular processes in cancer cells, including metastasis. Methods: A total of 29 patients with non-metastatic NPC were included in the study. Results: The mean age of the participants was 48.45±9.98 years old. Most participants were male (75.9%). More than half of the participants had T4 and N2, 52.7% and 51.0% respectively). Secondary metastasis was observed in 9 of the 29 participants within two years. Patients with secondary metastases had a higher proportion of T4 (7/9) and N2 (4/9) disease. Bone was the first site of secondary metastasis (6/9 patients). The median time to secondary bone metastasis was 14.0 (6.8-21.2) months. Based on the differential expression gene (DEG) analysis, the MMP9 gene was upregulated 12.50 (4.18–37.40), adjusted p <0.01, and the ADNP gene was downregulated 0.141 (0.04–0.43), adjusted p 0.04, among patients with secondary bone metastasis. Conclusion: Bones are the first site of metastasis, with a time to metastasis of 14.0 (6.8-21,2) months. MMP9 was upregulated, and ANDP was downregulated in patients with bone metastasis compared to those without metastasis.
MMP-9 ; ADNP ; nasopharyngeal cancer ; secondary bone metastasis

A 61-year-old woman presented with a 2-month history of non-painful left eye proptosis. Imaging studies showed a superotemporal mass in the left orbit with intracranial extension. Surgical excision of the orbitocranial mass was performed and histopathologic examination revealed metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma. She subsequently underwent total thyroidectomy. Orbital metastasis from thyroid carcinoma is rare and can be the initial manifestation of occult disease in 63% of cases.

Human ; Female ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Carcinoma ; Thyroid Cancer ; Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary

BACKGROUND

Globally, cancer remains to be one of the leading causes of mortality and poses significant burden to patients and families. A growing body of evidence suggests that early palliative care results in more favorable patient and caregiver outcomes compared to standard oncology care alone. 

OBJECTIVES

This study aims to determine the effects of early palliative care on caregivers of adult cancer patients in terms of quality of life, psychological distress, and satisfaction with care. 

METHODS

Systematic database searches in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library and Clinicaltrials.gov registry was conducted to select eligible studies for this review. Keywords, limit fields and Boolean operators were used for the search. Qualitative and quantitative analyses through the Review manager 5.4 software were done to compare quality of life, psychological distress, and satisfaction with care among caregivers given early palliative care vs. caregivers given standard oncology care. 

CONCLUSION

This review revealed inconclusive evidence on the benefits of early palliative care on caregiver outcomes when compared to standard care. We reviewed outcomes of early palliative care including quality of life, psychological distress, and satisfaction with care, but evidence remains unclear due to paucity of studies. Larger, high-caliber trials with more robust evidences, refinement of measurement tools catered to caregivers with higher sensitivity, and standardization of EPC protocol are needed to detect effect of EPC. 

Human ; Caregivers ; Cancer ; Neoplasms ; Quality Of Life ; Systematic Review

OBJECTIVE

To report a case of parotid cholesteatoma and concurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone in a 51-year-old woman.

METHODS

Design: Case Report

Setting: Tertiary Government Training Hospital

Patient: One

RESULTS

A 51-year-old woman with a left parotid mass and ipsilateral external auditory canal mass and chronic bilateral otorrhea had parotid biopsy histological features of cholesteatoma and temporal bone imaging suggestive of middle ear cholesteatoma and possible parotid region abscess. She underwent subtotal petrosectomy, mastoid obliteration and excision of the parotid mass. Histopathological examination of the parotid mass was consistent with cholesteatoma but tissue from the middle ear cavity showed well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.

CONCLUSION

While cholesteatomas typically arise within the temporal bone, they may occasionally present in atypical or distant sites. In cases where a cholesteatoma demonstrates an unusual location, aggressive behavior, or atypical clinical progression, a high index of suspicion should be maintained for the possibility of an underlying or coexisting temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma.

Human ; Female ; Middle Aged: 45-64 Yrs Old ; Parotid Diseases ; Cholesteatoma ; Ear Neoplasms ; Cancer Of Ear ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of Head And Neck

OBJECTIVES

To discuss a case of papillary thyroid carcinoma with concomitant thyroid tuberculosisin terms of clinical presentation and treatment.

METHODS

Design:Case Report

Setting:Tertiary Government Training Hospital

Patient:One

RESULTS

A 19-year-old Filipina consulted with a four-year history of a left thyroid nodule. She was clinically euthyroid with unremarkable systemic examination. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was suspicious for malignancy and she underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma of the left lobe, microcarcinoma of the isthmus and incidental note of tuberculosis (TB) of the right lobe. Management included oral anti-TB medications and surveillance.

CONCLUSION

A 19-year-old Filipina consulted with a four-year history of a left thyroid nodule. She was clinically euthyroid with unremarkable systemic examination. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was suspicious for malignancy and she underwent total thyroidectomy. Histopathology revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma of the left lobe, microcarcinoma of the isthmus and incidental note of tuberculosis (TB) of the right lobe. Management included oral anti-TB medications and surveillance.

Human ; Female ; Young Adult: 19-24 Yrs Old ; Carcinoma ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroidectomy ; Thyroid Nodule ; Government ; Needles ; Hospitals ; Research Report

OBJECTIVES

To report a case of triple primary malignant neoplasms in a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma and diffuse B-cell lymphoma of the right submandibular gland and cervical lymph nodes.

METHODS

Design:Case Report

Setting:Tertiary Government Training Hospital

Patient: One

RESULTS

A 70- year-old woman presented with a four-year history of gradually enlarging anterior neck mass, associated with a right submandibular mass and neck nodes for one year. The gradual progression of her symptoms made the patient think that it was a benign condition. This led to a delay in medical consultation. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy with functional neck dissection of the ipsilateral right neck. Histopathology revealed simultaneous follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and diffuse B-cell lymphoma of the cervical lymph nodes. The patient was referred to medical oncology and nuclear medicine for further management.

CONCLUSION

Our patient was incidentally diagnosed with follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma and diffuse B cell lymphoma of the cervical lymph nodes after surgery. Such triple primary malignant neoplasms in a single individual are rare, and as in our case, may only be diagnosed in hindsight.

Human ; Female ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Carcinoma ; B-lymphocytes ; Adenocarcinoma, Follicular ; Neoplasms ; Submandibular Gland ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphoma, B-cell ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroidectomy

Synovial sarcoma is an extremely rare soft tissue cancer that predominantly affects young adults, typically occurring at the para-articular region of the extremities. Primary synovial sarcoma of the prostate is exceptionally uncommon in clinical practice.

Presented here is a case of a 29-year-old male with prostatic synovial sarcoma. He experienced lower urinary tract symptoms and eventually had urine retention. The imaging findings, treatment plan, and differential diagnosis, were also discussed.

The patient experienced urinary frequency, dysuria, and acute urinary retention, which led to the insertion of a Foley catheter. Subsequent ultrasound scans revealed a large lobulated solid prostate gland. A prostate biopsy confirmed the presence of a malignant spindle cell neoplasm, indicating a prostatic stromal sarcoma. Immunohistomorphologic findings (TLE-1+, STAT6-, S100-, CD34-, ER-, PR-) were consistent with a diagnosis of Monophasic Synovial Sarcoma. The patient underwent six cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy before a Radical Prostatectomy was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged in a significantly improved condition.

Given the rarity of this condition, the authors report a case of prostatic synovial sarcoma and how they managed it. They performed a radical prostatectomy with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which had a positive effect. Subsequent postoperative monitoring and imaging showed no further symptoms.

Human ; Male ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Prostate Synovial Sarcoma ; Prostate Cancer ; Prostatectomy ; Sarcoma, Synovial ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

Locally advanced low rectal cancers pose a challenge for surgeons as reported local recurrence remain high despite the performance of Total Mesorectal Excision and the provision of neoadjuvant treatment. Extralevator Abdominoperineal Excision offers better oncologic margins with reported decreased recurrence rates when compared to the conventional technique. The improvement in oncologic outcomes, however, comes at the cost of producing larger perineal defects—and with this comes concerns related to coverage. Presented here is a case of a patient with a locally advanced low rectal cancer with gluteal extension where a Vertical Rectus Abdominis Myocutaneous flap was utilized as a means of perineal reconstruction.

Human ; Male ; Aged: 65-79 Yrs Old ; Rectal Cancer ; Rectal Neoplasms

Thyroglossal duct cyst carcinoma is rare with majority being Papillary thyroid carcinoma. This is diagnosed after the final histopathology report following a Sistrunk procedure. Though with a good prognosis, surgical management has been controversial. Reported here is a case of a 30-year-old female who presented with an anterior neck mass. Pre-operative diagnosis was a thyroglossal duct cyst and patient underwent Sistrunk procedure with no untoward events. Final histopathology report of the excised mass revealed papillary thyroid carcinoma. This report draws attention to the rarity of papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst and highlights the surgical options for such cases.

Human ; Female ; Adult: 25-44 Yrs Old ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; Thyroid Gland ; Thyroglossal Cyst ; Carcinoma, Papillary ; Cysts

Colorectal polyps are important early markers of colorectal cancer, and their early detection is crucial for cancer prevention. Although existing polyp segmentation models have achieved certain results, they still face challenges such as diverse polyp morphology, blurred boundaries, and insufficient feature extraction. To address these issues, this study proposes a parallel coordinate fusion network (PCFNet), aiming to improve the accuracy and robustness of polyp segmentation. PCFNet integrates parallel convolutional modules and a coordinate attention mechanism, enabling the preservation of global feature information while precisely capturing detailed features, thereby effectively segmenting polyps with complex boundaries. Experimental results on Kvasir-SEG and CVC-ClinicDB demonstrate the outstanding performance of PCFNet across multiple metrics. Specifically, on the Kvasir-SEG dataset, PCFNet achieved an F1-score of 0.897 4 and a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 0.835 8; on the CVC-ClinicDB dataset, it attained an F1-score of 0.939 8 and an mIoU of 0.892 3. Compared with other methods, PCFNet shows significant improvements across all performance metrics, particularly in multi-scale feature fusion and spatial information capture, demonstrating its innovativeness. The proposed method provides a more reliable AI-assisted diagnostic tool for early colorectal cancer screening.
Humans ; Colonic Polyps/diagnostic imaging* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging* ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Algorithms ; Early Detection of Cancer