OBJECTIVES: To assess the changes in body composition and nutritional risks faced by children with different stages of acute leukemia (AL). METHODS: Bioelectrical impedance analysis combined with anthropometric measurements was used to detect body composition. This prospective study was conducted from August 2023 to July 2024 at Shandong Provincial Hospital, examining the body composition and physical balance of children with various stages of AL and healthy children. RESULTS: The non-fat components of children with AL and healthy children both showed a linear increase with age. In the younger age group, there were no significant differences in body composition between children with AL and healthy children. However, in the older age group, the body composition of children undergoing chemotherapy for AL was significantly lower than that of healthy children (P<0.05), and muscle mass recovered first after the completion of AL chemotherapy. The proportion of children with increased trunk fat in AL children who completed chemotherapy was significantly lower than that in healthy children (P<0.05), while the incidence rate of severe left-right imbalance in body composition was significantly higher (P<0.05). Muscle distribution in children with AL primarily showed insufficient limb and overall muscle mass, whereas healthy children mainly exhibited insufficient upper limb muscle mass. CONCLUSIONS The body composition of children with AL varies at different treatment stages, indicating that nutritional status is affected by both the disease itself and the treatment. Early screening can provide a basis for reasonable nutritional intervention.
Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Body Composition ; Prospective Studies ; Adolescent ; Leukemia/metabolism* ; Infant ; Nutritional Status ; Acute Disease ; Electric Impedance

BACKGROUND: The effect of air pollution on annual change rates in grip strength and body composition in the elderly is unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the effects of long-term exposure to ambient air pollution on change rates of grip strength and body composition in the elderly. METHODS: In the period 2016-2020, grip strength and body composition were assessed and measured 1-2 times per year in 395 elderly participants living in the Taipei basin. Exposure to ambient fine particulate matters (PM_2.5), nitric dioxide (NO₂), and ozone (O₃) from 2015 to 2019 was estimated using a hybrid Kriging/Land-use regression model. In addition, long-term exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) was estimated using an ordinary Kriging approach. Associations between air pollution exposures and annual changes in health outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS: An inter-quartile range (4.1 µg/m³) increase in long-term exposure to PM_2.5 was associated with a faster decline rate in grip strength (-0.16 kg per year) and skeletal muscle mass (-0.14 kg per year), but an increase in body fat mass (0.21 kg per year). The effect of PM_2.5 remained robust after adjustment for NO₂, O₃ and CO exposure. In subgroup analysis, the PM_2.5-related decline rate in grip strength was greater in participants with older age (>70 years) or higher protein intake, whereas in skeletal muscle mass, the decline rate was more pronounced in participants having a lower frequency of moderate or strenuous exercise. The PM_2.5-related increase rate in body fat mass was higher in participants having a lower frequency of strenuous exercise or soybean intake. CONCLUSIONS Among the elderly, long-term exposure to ambient PM_2.5 is associated with a faster decline in grip strength and skeletal muscle mass, and an increase in body fat mass. Susceptibility to PM_2.5 may be influenced by age, physical activity, and dietary protein intake; however, these modifying effects vary across different health outcomes, and further research is needed to clarify their mechanisms and consistency.
Humans ; Hand Strength ; Aged ; Male ; Female ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Taiwan ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects* ; Air Pollutants/adverse effects* ; Ozone/adverse effects* ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adipose Tissue/drug effects* ; Body Composition/drug effects* ; Nitrogen Dioxide/adverse effects*

BACKGROUND: High visceral fat mass (FM) is associated with a high risk of cardiometabolic morbidity. Meanwhile, loss of skeletal muscle (lean mass, LM) has been suggested to contribute to metabolic diseases. METHODS: We investigated associations between cardiometabolic diseases and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-measured body composition indices, including the FM index (FM/height²), percent body fat, trunk-to-appendicular fat ratio (TAR), trunk-to-leg fat ratio (TLR), LM index (LM/height²) and FM-to-LM ratio in 595 community-dwelling elderly Japanese men (mean age, 74 years; standard deviation, 6; range, 65 to 94). Hypertension was identified as high blood pressure and/or the use of antihypertensive drugs. Diabetes was identified as high hemoglobin A1c and/or the use of antidiabetic drugs. The ability of DXA-based indices to discriminate between the presence and absence of cardiometabolic diseases was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC) calculated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: Body mass index, FM index, percent body fat, TAR, TLR and FM-to-LM ratio were significantly associated with hypertension (P < 0.05). TAR and TLR, but not body mass index, FM index, percent body fat, LM index and FM-to-LM ratio, showed significant positive associations with diabetes. The AUC for the LM index was significantly lower than those for the FM index, percent body fat and FM-to-LM ratio. No associations were observed between the LM index and hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes. CONCLUSION The association between cardiometabolic function and LM, which includes skeletal muscle, may not be as pronounced or stronger than associations between cardiometabolic function and FM. Further detailed studies are needed to clarify how skeletal muscle contributes to cardiometabolic disease.
Humans ; Male ; Absorptiometry, Photon ; Aged ; Japan/epidemiology* ; Body Composition ; Aged, 80 and over ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; Body Mass Index ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Osteoporosis/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; East Asian People

Objective To explore the physical function indicators of elderly women with fall experiences,so as to provide more data reference for fall prevention,risk assessment,and solving of aging-related health problems in elderly women.Methods The fall history of 167 elderly women in communities in Tianjin was investigated by a questionnaire.The participants were assigned into a fall group(more than 2 falls in the last 1 year)and a non-fall group according to the number of falls.Body composition was tested by an Inbody 770 Body Composition Analyzer,and the calcaneus bone mineral density was measured by a UBD2002A Ultrasound Bone Densitometer.The muscle strength and proprioception of knee and ankle joints of lower limbs were measured by a PRIMUS BTE Isokinetic Tester.The muscle strength of lower limbs was evaluated by the number of 30-second sitting-rising.The visual sensitivity was examined by two-contrast near point reading cards(with a small number of strokes).The dynamic and static balance abilities were determined by a Korebalance Tester,and the static balance ability was tested by one-leg standing with eyes closed.The dynamic and static balance was assessed based on the Berg balance scale,and walking gait characteristics were studied by a BTS three-dimensional motion capture system.Results The skeletal muscle content(P<0.001),strength of non-dominant knee flexor muscle(P=0.002),number of 30-second sitting-rising(P=0.006),and average walking speed(P=0.013)in the fall group were lower than those in the non-fall group.The visual acuity at 10% grayscale(P=0.001),active knee joint position sense(P<0.001),strength of non-dominant ankle flexor muscle(P<0.001),and one-leg standing time with eyes closed(P<0.001)in the fall group were lower than those in the non-fall group.The fall group outperformed the non-fall group in right-left balance rate(P=0.031)and forward-backward balance rate(P=0.028)during static and dynamic balance tests.Conclusion The ankle angle,proprioception,muscle strength,and skeletal muscle content of lower limbs,visual sensitivity,dynamic and static balance abilities,and walking ability of elderly women with fall experiences were lower than those without fall experiences.
Humans ; Accidental Falls ; Aged ; Female ; Postural Balance ; Muscle Strength ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Gait

This study aimed to analyze the impact of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADCY3 (encoding adenylate cyclase 3) on the outcome of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and screen genetic markers sensitive to HIIT in Chinese Han youth. A total of 237 non-regular exercise Han college students were recruited in a 12-week HIIT program, attending sessions 3 times a week. Before and after the HIIT program, their body composition was measured. DNA from the white blood cells was extracted and genotyped. PLINK (V1.09) software was used for quality control screening of SNPs loci, and a linear regression model was constructed to analyze the association between ADCY3 gene SNPs loci and body composition. ANOVA multiple comparisons (LSD) were performed to test the difference between groups, with the significance level set at 0.05. The results showed that: 1) A total of 22 SNPs loci were identified by the gene microarray scanning of ADCY3 gene, with 15 of them meeting the quality control criteria. The rs6753096 locus was associated with the training effect of HIIT on body composition; 2) The rs6753096 locus was not associated with pre-HIIT body composition; 3) Compared with volunteers with TT genotype, those with CT/CC genotype exhibited significant decrease in body mass index (BMI) and total body fat after training (P < 0.05); Male volunteers carrying the C allele had more significant training changes in skeletal muscle and lean body weight, while HIIT was more effective in decreasing body fat in female volunteers with CT/CC genotype; 4) The rs6753096 locus was significantly correlated with body fat sensitivity to HIIT (P = 0.0475), indicating that volunteers with CT/CC genotype were more sensitive to HIIT. In conclusion, 12-week HIIT program effectively improved the body composition of college students. The ADCY3 gene rs6753096 locus is not associated with pre-HIIT body composition, but it is associated with body composition sensitivity to HIIT, with individuals carrying CT/CC genotype showing greater responsiveness to HIIT.
Humans ; Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics* ; Male ; Female ; Body Composition/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Young Adult ; High-Intensity Interval Training/methods* ; Genotype ; Adult ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical characteristics of overlapping syndromes of low muscle mass in Chinese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their impact on physical function. METHODS: Consecutive patients with RA were recruited from September 2019 to April 2024 at Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital. Clinical data including disease acti-vity, physical function and radiographic assessment were collected. All patients also finished measurement of body composition, grip strength, and gait speed, and overlapping syndromes of low muscle mass as well as malnutrition, sarcopenia, sarcopenic obesity, and cachexia were evaluated. The Stanford health assessment questionnaire- disability index (HAQ-DI) was used to evaluate physical function. Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of physical dysfunction. RESULTS: A total of 1 016 RA patients were recruited. Their mean age was (52.4±12.5) years, and 82.5% were female. There were 557 cases (54.8%) with overlapping syndromes of low muscle mass and all of them were malnutrition. On this basis, 326 cases (32.1%) exhibited sarcopenia, 124 (12.2%) sarcopenic obesity, and 33 (3.2%) cachexia. There were 584 (57.4%) of RA patients having physical dysfunction, with varying degrees of severity 421 (41.4%) mild, 124 (12.2%) moderate, and 39 (3.8%) severe. Compared with patients without overlapping syndromes of low muscle mass (n=459) or with malnutrition only (n=231), RA patients with both malnutrition and sarcopenia (n=326) had significantly higher core disease activity indicators and higher rate of physical dysfunction (69.6% vs. 42.0% vs. 56.6%). However, compared with patients without overlapping syndromes of low muscle mass, patients with malnutrition only had lower HAQ-DI score (median 0.0 vs. 0.1) and lower rate of physical dysfunction (42.0% vs. 56.6%). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that simultaneously overlapping malnutrition and sarcopenia were associated factors of physical dysfunction (OR=2.021, 95%CI: 1.067-3.828), but malnutrition only was not. CONCLUSION Simultaneously overlapping malnutrition and sarcopenia can deteriorate disease activity and physical dysfunction in RA patients. The screening and evaluation of overlapping syndromes of low muscle mass, especially sarcopenia should be emphasized in patients with RA.
Humans ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology* ; Female ; Male ; Sarcopenia/complications* ; Middle Aged ; Cachexia/diagnosis* ; Malnutrition/etiology* ; Obesity/physiopathology* ; Body Composition ; Syndrome ; Hand Strength ; Adult ; Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The clinical data of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients from twenty hemodialysis centers in Guizhou province from June to September 2020 were collected by cross-sectional study. The patients were divided into AFD group and non-AFD group according to whether AFD had occurred. LTI was measured by body composition monitor. The results showed that the incidence of AFD in 2 781 MHD patients was 30.0% (835/2 781). Median LTI level was 15.2 (13.2, 17.5) kg/m². The LTI level in the AFD group was higher than that in the non-AFD group (P < 0.05). According to the tertiles of LTI, low LTI group (LTI ≤ 13.9 kg/m²) had the highest incidence of AFD (35.5%, 334/940), and the high LTI group had the lowest incidence of AFD (26.3%, 241/916), and the difference among the three groups was statistically significant (χ²=20.182,P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low LTI group as the reference, the risk of AFD in moderate LTI group (13.9 kg/m² < LTI ≤ 16.6 kg/m²) and high LTI group were associated with the 20.0% (OR=0.800, 95% CI 0.650-0.986, P=0.036) and 22.8% (OR=0.772, 95% CI 0.616-0.966, P=0.024) decrease, respectively. These results suggest that low LTI level is independently associated with an increased risk of AFD in MHD patients.
Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Renal Dialysis/adverse effects* ; Body Composition

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the body composition of children aged 3-5 years and breastfeeding status and duration. METHODS: The study was conducted using data from the National Nutrition and Health Systematic Survey for children 0-17 years of age in China (CNHSC), a nationwide cross-sectional study. Breastfeeding information and potential confounders were collected using standardized questionnaires administered through face-to-face interviews. The body composition of preschool children was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis. A multivariate linear regression model was used to assess the relationship between breastfeeding duration and body composition after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: In total, 2,008 participants were included in the study. Of these, 89.2% were ever breastfed and the median duration of breastfeeding was 12 months (IQR 7-15 months). Among children aged 3 years, the height-for-age Z-score (HAZ) for the ever breastfed group was lower than that for never breastfed group (0.12 vs. 0.42, P = 0.043). In addition, the weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ) of the ever breastfed group was lower than that of the never breastfed group (0.31 vs. 0.65, P = 0.026), and the WAZ was lower in children aged 4 years who breastfed between 12 and 23 months than in those who never breastfed. Compared to the formula-fed children, the fat-free mass of breastfed infants was higher for children aged 3 years (12.84 kg vs. 12.52 kg, P = 0.015) and lower for those aged 4 years (14.31 kg vs. 14.64 kg, P = 0.048), but no difference was detected for children aged 5 years (16.40 kg vs. 16.42 kg, P = 0.910) after adjusting for potential confounders. No significant difference was detected in the weight-for-height Z-score (WHZ), body mass index (BMI)-for-age Z-score (BAZ), fat-free mass index, and body fat indicators in the ever breastfed and never breastfed groups and among various breastfeeding duration groups for children aged 3-5 years. CONCLUSION No obvious associations were detected between breastfeeding duration, BMI, and fat mass indicators. Future prospective studies should explore the relationship between breastfeeding status and fat-free mass.
Infant ; Female ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Adolescent ; Breast Feeding ; Prospective Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Body Mass Index ; Body Composition

OBJECTIVE: To determine the thermic effect of food (TEF) in a Chinese mixed diet in young people. METHODS: During the study, the participants were weighed and examined for body composition every morning. The total energy expenditure (TEE) of the participants was measured by the doubly labeled water method for 7 days, and during this period, basal energy expenditure was measured by indirect calorimetry and physical activity energy expenditure was measured by an accelerometer. The value obtained by subtracting basal energy expenditure and physical activity energy expenditure from TEE was used to calculate TEF. RESULTS: Twenty healthy young students (18-30 years; 10 male) participated in the study. The energy intake of the participants was not significantly different from the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake of energy ( P > 0.05). The percentage of energy from protein, fat and carbohydrate were all in the normal range. The intakes of fruits, milk and dietary fiber of the participants were significantly lower than those in the Chinese Dietary Guidelines ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the body weight of the participants during the experiment ( P > 0.05). When adjusted for body weight, there was no significant difference in either TEE or basal energy expenditure between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in physical activity energy expenditure and TEF between the male and female participants ( P > 0.05). The percentage of TEF in TEE was 8.73%. CONCLUSION The percentage of TEF in TEE in a Chinese mixed diet in young people was significantly lower than 10% ( P < 0.001). A value of 10% is usually considered to be the TEF in mixed diets as a percentage of TEE.
Adolescent ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Body Composition ; Body Weight ; Diet ; East Asian People ; Energy Intake ; Energy Metabolism ; Exercise ; Young Adult ; Adult

Objective: To analyze the difference in blood uric acid levels between patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and healthy women of childbearing age, and to investigate the correlation between body composition and blood uric acid levels. Methods: A total of 153 eligible childbearing age patients with PCOS treated at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to March 2022 were selected, and 153 healthy women with normal menstruation were selected as the control group. Fasting blood uric acid levels were measured by venous blood test, and body composition was measured by a body composition analyzer. Group comparisons were made to analyze the correlation between body composition and blood uric acid levels. Results: The incidence of hyperuricemia was higher in patients with PCOS than that in the control group [30.1% (46/153) vs 2.0% (3/153)], with a statistically significant difference (χ²=44.429, P<0.001). Blood uric acid level was also significantly higher in patients with PCOS than that in the control group [(371±98) vs (265±67) μmol/L; t=11.170, P<0.001]. Among PCOS patients, there were statistically significant differences in weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, lean body weight, fat mass/lean body weight, percent skeletal muscle, and visceral fat level between the hyperuricemia group and the normal blood uric acid group (all P<0.001), but no significant difference was observed in waist-hip ratio (P=0.348). The following body composition indicators: weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, visceral fat level, lean body weight, and fat mass/lean body weight in all subjects, the PCOS patients and the control group, were positively correlated with blood uric acid levels (all P<0.01). The blood uric acid level in PCOS obese patients was higher than that in non-obese PCOS patients, and the difference was statistically significant [(425±83) vs (336±91) μmol/L; t=6.133, P<0.001]. The blood uric acid level in central obesity PCOS patients was also higher than that in non-central obesity PCOS patients [(385±95) vs (299±79) μmol/L], the difference was statistically significant (t=4.261, P<0.001). The blood uric acid level in normal-weight obese PCOS patients was higher than that in normal-weight non-obese PCOS patients [(333±73) vs (277±54) μmol/L], and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.848, P=0.006). Blood uric acid levels in normal-weight [(315±74) vs (255±67) μmol/L], overweight [(362±102) vs (276±57) μmol/L], and obese PCOS patients [(425±83) vs (303±74) μmol/L] were all higher than those in the corresponding control groups, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.001). Conclusions: PCOS patients have a higher incidence of hyperuricemia than healthy women of childbearing age. Blood uric acid levels are closely correlated with body composition indicators, such as weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, body fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat, and visceral fat level. Body composition analysis of women with PCOS could help identify potentially obese people more accurately and carry out individualized treatment, thereby reducing the risk of metabolic abnormalities.
Humans ; Female ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/complications* ; Uric Acid ; Hyperuricemia/complications* ; Insulin ; Body Composition/physiology* ; Obesity/complications* ; Body Mass Index