Purpose: We identified the risk factors for remnant gastric cancer (RGC) based on remnant gastric mucosal characteristics and gastritis morphology in patients undergoing distal gastrectomy. Materials and Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 100 patients with RGC after distal gastrectomy and 550 patients without RGC treated between 2013 and 2020.Endoscopic findings, including anastomotic redness, red streaks, enlarged folds, bile reflux as anastomotic findings, as well as disappearance of the regular arrangement of collecting venules (RAC), atrophic gastritis, and intestinal metaplasia as background gastric mucosal findings, were evaluated. Disease risk score matching (1:1) was adjusted for baseline characteristics. Logistic regression analysis was used to develop a risk score model to stratify RGC risk into low, moderate, and high categories. Results: After matching, 96 patients with RGC and 96 controls were analyzed. Anastomotic redness and red streaks, as well as the disappearance of RAC and atrophic gastritis, were significantly more frequent in the RGC group than in the control group, whereas enlarged folds and bile reflux showed no significant differences. Risk scores were assigned as follows:anastomotic redness, 2; red streaks, 3; disappearance of RAC, 7; and atrophic gastritis, 3. The total score stratified patients into high (≥15), moderate (7–14), and low risk (≤6). The positive and negative predictive values were 67.7% and 83.3%, respectively. Conclusions The endoscopic findings of anastomotic redness, red streaks, RAC disappearance, and atrophic gastritis were significantly associated with RGC development.The proposed risk-scoring model could serve as a stratification tool for RGC surveillance.

Background/Aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) was recently proposed as an alternative disease concept to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to investigate the prognosis of patients with biopsy-confirmed MASLD using data from a multicenter study. Methods: This was a sub-analysis of the Clinical Outcome Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (CLIONE) study that included 1,398 patients with NAFLD. Liver biopsy specimens were pathologically diagnosed and histologically scored using the NASH Clinical Research Network system, the FLIP algorithm, and the SAF score. Patients who met at least one cardiometabolic criterion were diagnosed with MASLD. Results: Approximately 99% of cases (n=1,381) were classified as MASLD. Patients with no cardiometabolic risk (n=17) had a significantly lower BMI than patients with MASLD (20.9 kg/m2 vs. 28.0 kg/m2, P<0.001), in addition to significantly lower levels of inflammation, ballooning, NAFLD activity score, and fibrosis stage based on liver histology. These 17 patients had a median follow-up of 5.9 years, equivalent to 115 person-years, with no deaths, liver-related events, cardiovascular events, or extrahepatic cancers. The results showed that the prognosis for pure MASLD was similar to that for the original CLIONE cohort, with 47 deaths and one patient who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation. The leading cause of death was extrahepatic cancer (n=10), while the leading causes of liver-related death were liver failure (n=9), hepatocellular carcinoma (n=8), and cholangiocarcinoma (n=4). Conclusions Approximately 99% of NAFLD cases were considered MASLD based on the 2023 liver disease nomenclature. The NAFLD-only group, which is not encompassed by MASLD, had a relatively mild histopathologic severity and a favorable prognosis. Consequently, the prognosis of MASLD is similar to that previously reported for NAFLD.

We use transumbilical laparoscopic-assisted appendectomy (TULAA) with a lifting retractor as the surgical technique of first choice for acute appendicitis. Although this technique provides excellent cosmetic results and contributes to reducing medical costs, it is less advantageous in difficult-to-complete cases that require conversion to pneumoperitoneum or additional ports. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 76 patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy between June 2020 and March 2023 (43 in a TULAA group and 33 in a pneumoperitoneal conversion group) to identify preoperative factors associated with pneumoperitoneal conversion. Univariate analysis showed significant differences for preoperative C-reactive protein (CRP) level, age, and body mass index. Logistic regression analysis identified preoperative CRP level and age as significant risk factors for pneumoperitoneal conversion. The pneumoperitoneal conversion rate was 12.5%, 48.2%, and 68% for patients with 0, 1, and 2 preoperative risk factors, respectively, indicating patients with 2 risk factors were more likely to undergo pneumoperitoneal conversion. These data may inform the selection of the surgical technique and the decision to convert to pneumoperitoneum.

Left-sided gallbladder is a rare finding that is mostly discovered incidentally during surgery and is often associated with anatomic anomalies. We herein report a case in which laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration were achieved for an 89-year-old female patient with left-sided gallbladder. Surgery was carried out using our usual trocar position.Calot triangle was covered by the body of the gallbladder and could not be detected. We dissected the gallbladder from the fundus towards the neck. The cystic duct joined the common bile duct from the right side, and common bile duct exploration was performed routinely without perioperative comorbidities. Although the preoperative diagnosis rate is low and the risk of intraoperative bile duct injuries in patients with left-sided gallbladder is high, laparoscopic cholecystectomy and common bile duct exploration can be safely performed by understanding the location and bifurcation of the cystic duct.

The prevalence of migraine is higher in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) (24.2%) than in the general Japanese population (9.4%). A few studies have reported that transcatheter closure of an interatrial shunt is known to attenuate migraine. We experienced hat surgical closure of the ASD improved migraine that was refractory to medication therapy. A 46-year-old man presented to a neurologist for evaluation of severe headache and was diagnosed with migraine. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed evidence of previous multiple cerebral infarctions. Transesophageal echocardiography detected inferior sinus venosus-type ASD, and a bubble study showed the presence of a right-to-left shunt. Owing to the high index of clinical suspicion for paradoxical embolism via the ASD and the fact that percutaneous catheter closure was contraindicated for inferior sinus venosus-type ASD, we performed surgical closure of the ASD in this patient. The patient's migraine symptoms disappeared immediately after surgery, and no recurrence has been observed eight months after surgery. This is the first case report that surgical closure of ASD led to attenuate migraine. Our study highlights the association between right-to-left shunts and migraine, as well as the usefulness of the surgical closure of ASD as a therapeutic strategy for patients with migraine.

The health effects of climate change are becoming increasingly important; there are direct effects from heatwaves and floods, and indirect effects from the altered distribution of infectious diseases and changes in crop yield. Ironically, the healthcare system itself carries an environmental burden, contributing to environmental health impacts. Life cycle assessment is a widely accepted and well-established method that quantitatively evaluates environmental impact. Given that monetary evaluations have the potential to motivate private companies and societies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions using market mechanisms, instead of assessing the carbon footprint alone, we previously developed a life cycle impact assessment method based on an endpoint that integrates comprehensive environmental burdens into a single index—the monetary cost. Previous investigations estimated that therapy for chronic kidney disease had a significant carbon footprint in the healthcare sector. We have been aiming to investigate on the environmental impact of chronic kidney disease based on field surveys from the renal department in a hospital and several health clinics in Japan. To live sustainably, it is necessary to establish cultures, practices, and research that aims to conserve resources to provide environmentally friendly healthcare in Japan.

BACKGROUND: Studies on the adverse effects of Asian dust (AD) on respiratory function in children are scarce. The objective of this study was to examine the association between AD and respiratory function by measuring peak expiratory flow rates (PEFRs) in asthmatic children. METHODS: The study was carried out from March to May from 2014 through 2016. One hundred ten children with bronchial asthma were recruited from four hospitals in the Goto Islands and south Nagasaki area in Nagasaki prefecture. The parents were asked to record their children's PEFRs every morning/evening and clinical symptoms in an asthma diary. AD was assessed from light detection and ranging data, and a linear mixed-effects model was used to estimate the effects of AD on daily PEFR. Time-stratified case-crossover analyses were performed to examine the association between AD and asthma attacks defined by reduction levels in PEFR. RESULTS: AD was detected on 11 days in the Goto Islands, and on 23 days in the south Nagasaki area. After adjusting for age, sex, temperature, and daily oxidants, we found a consistent association between AD and a 1.1% to 1.7% decrease in PEFR in the mornings and a 0.7% to 1.3% decrease in the evenings at a lag of 0 to 5 days. AD was not associated with the number of asthma attacks, respiratory symptoms, or other symptoms at any lag days examined. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to AD was associated with reduced PEFR, although the effects were not large enough to induce clinically apparent symptoms, in clinically well-controlled asthmatic children.

OBJECTIVE: Traditional Japanese food appears to be healthy but contains a small amount of milk products. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients commonly reduce their energy intake to control their blood glucose levels. However, nutritional guidance for diabetes does not emphasize calcium (Ca) consumption. The aim of this study is to estimate the nutritional status of Ca and other nutrients, which affect bone and Ca metabolism, in T2DM patients. METHODS: This observational study was conducted with Japanese T2DM patients (n = 96; M/F = 50/46; age: 61.6 ± 10.1 years). We estimated nutrient intake using a simple food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: Median total energy intake was 1750 kcal/day (1440-1970). Their median daily intake of Ca, vitamin D, and vitamin K was 451 mg (336-560), 10.2 µg (8.5-12), and 206 µg (84-261), respectively. Only 17.7% of the study subjects were found to take more than 600 mg/day of Ca. Protein and salt intake was 78 (64-90) and 10.6 (9.3-12.2) g/day, respectively. Male subjects had more salt, less Ca and vitamin K than female. Daily Ca intake was positively associated with total energy, protein, and lipid intake but not with carbohydrates. Vitamin D intake correlated only with protein intake. CONCLUSION: The daily Ca intake of Japanese T2DM patients appears to be insufficient and could depend on protein and lipid intake. Additionally, these patients should have specific recommendations to ensure sufficient intake of Ca with protein and lipid during energy restriction.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Blood Glucose ; Calcium* ; Carbohydrates ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolism ; Milk ; Nutritional Status* ; Observational Study ; Vitamin D ; Vitamin K

PURPOSE: Single-agent interferon (IFN) is no longer regarded as a standard option for first-line systemic treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Western countries. However, some patients with favorable-risk RCC may still achieve complete and long-lasting remission in response to IFN treatment. The present study compared favorable-risk Japanese patients with metastatic RCC Japanese patients who had been treated with IFN or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy as a first-line systemic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1995 to 2014, a total of 48 patients with favorable risk as defined by the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center criteria who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy were retrospectively enrolled in this study. We assessed the tumor response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). RESULTS: The objective response rate for first-line therapy was 29% in the IFN group and 47% in the TKI group, but this difference did not reach the level of statistical significance. Median OS for IFN and TKI was 71 and 47 months, respectively (p=0.014). Median first-line PFS for IFN and TKI was 20 and 16 months, respectively (no significant difference). First-line IFN therapy did not prove inferior to TKI therapy in terms of OS according to metastatic sites. CONCLUSIONS: IFN is associated with a survival benefit in Japanese patients with favorable-risk metastatic RCC in the era of targeted therapy. Further prospective study is needed.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/*therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/*drug therapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Humans ; Interferons/*therapeutic use ; Japan ; Kidney Neoplasms/*drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis/drug therapy ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Treatment Outcome

Ryoukeigomikanzoto is a Kampo formulation originally described in the text Kinkiyouryaku. This formulation has also been described as an indication for respiratory disease in some texts, because it was classified under respiratory diseases in the Kinkiyouryaku.
The authors, however, considered that indications for ryoukeigomikanzoto could be wider than previously thought. The composition of this formulation is very similar that of ryokeimikanto and ryokeijutsukanto. And we have prescribed ryokeigomikanzoto for patients with a reddish face and coldness of the legs, whose chief complaints were a reddish nose, coldness of the leg, dysuria, spioncerebellar degeneration and ringing of the ears. Moreover, we have obtained good results from the current trial. This report is intended to elucidate indications for this formulation by means of past clinical results and our own experience.