Objective:To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and potential influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly populations in Zhejiang Province.Methods:Data were obtained from Zhejiang Provincial Household Economic Status Survey, a cross-sectional survey was condcuted in middle-aged and olde adults selected through multi-stage sampling in three cities in Zhejiang (Huzhou, Jiaxing and Shaoxing) in July 2023. A total of 3 019 study participants, average age 62.3 years old, 53.5% men, were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sarcopenia screening was conducted by using the questionnaire with five sarcopenia related-items. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia.Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia in the middle-aged and old study participants was 4.47%. Significant differences were observed between the participants with or without sarcopenia in terms of age, educational level, BMI, alcohol consumption status, diet habit, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, adulthood community socioeconomic status, muscle strength, walking assistance, ability to stand from seat, ability to climb stairs, and fall frequency ( P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (≥75 years: OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.60-4.97), low body weight ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62), unhealthy diet habit ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.46), physical inactivity ( OR=5.80, 95% CI: 3.09-10.88), poor or very poor sleep quality ( OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.23-2.41), number of chronic diseases (1 chronic disease: OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.08-3.14; 2 chronic diseases: OR=3.22, 95% CI: 1.81-5.71; 3 or more chronic diseases: OR=3.74, 95% CI: 2.11-6.65), poor childhood socioeconomic status ( OR=2.98, 95% CI: 1.23-7.20), and poor adulthood community socioeconomic status ( OR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.63-9.17) were significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Conclusions:The prevalence of sarcopenia was relatively low in middle-aged and old population in Zhejiang. Age, BMI, unhealthy diet, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, and adulthood community socioeconomic status were identified as significant influencing factors.

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia and potential influencing factors in middle-aged and elderly populations in Zhejiang Province.Methods:Data were obtained from Zhejiang Provincial Household Economic Status Survey, a cross-sectional survey was condcuted in middle-aged and olde adults selected through multi-stage sampling in three cities in Zhejiang (Huzhou, Jiaxing and Shaoxing) in July 2023. A total of 3 019 study participants, average age 62.3 years old, 53.5% men, were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sarcopenia screening was conducted by using the questionnaire with five sarcopenia related-items. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with sarcopenia.Results:The prevalence of sarcopenia in the middle-aged and old study participants was 4.47%. Significant differences were observed between the participants with or without sarcopenia in terms of age, educational level, BMI, alcohol consumption status, diet habit, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, adulthood community socioeconomic status, muscle strength, walking assistance, ability to stand from seat, ability to climb stairs, and fall frequency ( P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that old age (≥75 years: OR=2.82, 95% CI: 1.60-4.97), low body weight ( OR=1.96, 95% CI: 1.06-3.62), unhealthy diet habit ( OR=1.57, 95% CI: 1.01-2.46), physical inactivity ( OR=5.80, 95% CI: 3.09-10.88), poor or very poor sleep quality ( OR=1.65, 95% CI:1.23-2.41), number of chronic diseases (1 chronic disease: OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.08-3.14; 2 chronic diseases: OR=3.22, 95% CI: 1.81-5.71; 3 or more chronic diseases: OR=3.74, 95% CI: 2.11-6.65), poor childhood socioeconomic status ( OR=2.98, 95% CI: 1.23-7.20), and poor adulthood community socioeconomic status ( OR=3.87, 95% CI: 1.63-9.17) were significant risk factors for sarcopenia. Conclusions:The prevalence of sarcopenia was relatively low in middle-aged and old population in Zhejiang. Age, BMI, unhealthy diet, physical activity level, sleep quality, number of chronic diseases, childhood socioeconomic status, and adulthood community socioeconomic status were identified as significant influencing factors.

Background: The incidence density of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and the effect of a healthy lifestyle on the risk of MAFLD remain unknown. We evaluated the prevalence and incidence density of MAFLD and investigated the association between healthy lifestyle and the risk of MAFLD. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 37,422 participants to explore the prevalence of MAFLD. A cohort analysis of 18,964 individuals was conducted to identify the incidence of MAFLD, as well as the association between healthy lifestyle and MAFLD. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) with adjustments for confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of MAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and their comorbidities were 30.38%, 28.09%, and 26.13%, respectively. After approximately 70 thousand person-years of follow-up, the incidence densities of the three conditions were 61.03, 55.49, and 51.64 per 1,000 person-years, respectively. Adherence to an overall healthy lifestyle was associated with a 19% decreased risk of MAFLD (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72 to 0.92), and the effects were modified by baseline age, sex, and body mass index (BMI). Subgroup analyses revealed that younger participants, men, and those with a lower BMI experienced more significant beneficial effects from healthy lifestyle. Conclusion Our results highlight the beneficial effect of adherence to a healthy lifestyle on the prevention of MAFLD. Health management for improving dietary intake, physical activity, and smoking and drinking habits are critical to improving MAFLD.

Objective To explore the association between ACTN3 gene R577X polymorphism and serum lipid levels in an elderly Chinese Han population.Methods This study was based on the ageing arm of The Rugao Longevity and Ageing Study (RtLAS).Genotyping was performed by Taqman MGB method.Lipids includedtotal cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).Cut points of dyslipidemia were based on that reported in the NCEP ATPIII.We explored the associations between R577X polymorphism loci and dyslipidemia by using analysis of covariance and logistic regression analysis.Results Overall 1 618 samples was included (741 males and 877 females) in this study.Covariance analysis found that TC level of RR,XX and RX genotype in the general population were 1.34,1.37,1.43 mmol/L with an increasing trend (P =0.024);TC and LDL-C levels of RR,XX and RX genotype (TC:5.13,5.29,5.43 mmol/L,P =0.004;LDL-C:2.76,2.88,3.00 mmol/L,P =0.004) were significantly different in females.Logistic regression analysis showed that the increased copies of X allele were significantly associated with increased TC and LDL-C levels in the general population and females.For the general population,TC:OR=1.184,95％CI:1.030-1.361,P =0.018;LDL-C:OR =1.334,95％CI:1.101-1.588,P=0.003;For females,TC:OR=1.332,95％ CI:1.102-1.616,P =0.003;LDL-C:OR =1.549,95 ％CI:1.208-1.986,P =0.001.After adjusting for other covariates,the above associations remained significant.Conclusions ACTN3 gcnc R577X polymorphism is associated with plasma TC and LDL-C levels in elderly woman of Han populations in Rugao,China.

We have evaluated the plague epidemic situation in the Three Rivers Source Region,Qinghai Province in recent 20 years to provide the basis for revising the plague prevention countermeasures.We have analyzed the time distribution and the plague epidemic situation between animals and human beings during twenty years in the Three Rivers Source Region,Qinghai Province by describing epidemiology.The animal plague in the natural source of Marmot plague was extremely serious in the Three Rivers Source Region during the past 20 years.It mainly distributes in Yushu State and Tanggula County,Germu City and the serious season ran through the whole period of marmot camp ground activities and the peak was between June and August.Human plague epidemic took place between May and October each year and reached its peak between July and September.The peak covered about 41.67％ at most.It mainly endemic distributes in Nangqian and Xinghai Country.During the past 20 years,we have totally found 14 human plague epidemics in the Three Rivers Source Region,among which 48 cases took place and there were deaths of 17 cases.The fatality rate was 35.42％.The lung type was the majority among 48 cases,which startde with the glandular type.During the past 20 years the plague epidemic has been active and the animal plague epidemic broke out continuously in the Three Rivers Source Region,Qinghai Province.The variety of animals and insects infected the plague epidemic was increasing.The human plague epidemics is most serious with high fatality rate,but it is on the decline as a whole.

Objective To understand the relationship between habitat choice of Himalaya marmot and vegetation elements such as vegetation coverage,grassland type,vegetation type and so on by using geographic information technology in Qinghai.Methods Himalayan marmot field survey data from Qinghai Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention and vegetation coverage,grassland type and other remote sensing and geographic information data was processed for spatial overlay using ArcGIS tool.The vegetation characteristic information of the location of Himalayan marmot was searched and analyzed statistically,and then the initial quantitative analysis of Himalayan marmot on the selection of habitat vegetation conditions was made.Results After screening,84 samples of Himalayan marmot were retained.The mean of vegetation coverage was 0.708 5,the range was 0.313 3-1.000 0.Totally 54.76％ (46/84) of the Himalayan marmot samples was in the vegetation coverage of 0.70 to 1.00.Among the nine grassland types,the alpine meadows accounted for 39.78％ of total area of Qinghai,with 59 Himalayan marmot sample points distributed,which accounting for 70.24％ (59/84).Himalayan marmot mainly feed on some of the roots of grassland plants,including Poa pratensis,Alpine Kobresia,Potentilla,Polygonum viviparum,Kobresia cordata,Oxytropis,Aster and other miscellaneous grass.Conclusions Vegetation conditions is one of the important factors of Himalayan marmot in habitat selection.Quantitative analysis of the relationship between Himalayan marmot spatial distribution and vegetation factors by using geographic information technology,can deepen the understanding of marmot habitat selection,and provide a basis for grassland plague surveillance and control.

Plague was classified as a natural focus disease,occurred in remote areas of tratfic block in the past.But with the development of society and economy,plague of long distance transmission risk is growing in the source regions and densely populated areas.In order to effectively prevent and control the spread of plague outbreaks are occurring,and long distance transmission spread in Qinghai Province,and adhere to the implementation of the long-distance transmission of plague prevention and control strategies,avoid threats and reduced long distance spread of plague.

Plague is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by the Yersinia pestis,which developed by many factors including local climate factors.In recent years,more and more studies on the effects of climate on plague were conducted.According to the researches,climate factors (mainly the rainfall and temperature) affected the development and distribution of plague by influencing the abundance of plague host animals and fleas index.The climate also affected the epidemic dynamics and the scope of plague.There were significant differences existing in the influence of climate on the palgue developed in the north and south China.In the two different plague epidemic systems,the solitary Daurian ground squirrel-flea-plague and the social Mongolian gerbil-flea-plague,the obvious population differences existed among the responses of the host animal to the climate changes.Although the internal relationship between the rainfall,the flea index,the density of rodents and the plague supported the nutritional cascade hypothesis,it can not prove that there is a clear causality between the occurrence of plague and rainfall.So the influence of climate factors on plague distribution can only be used for early forecasting and warning of the plague.

Plague is an anthropozoonotic disease caused by the Yersinia pestis,which developed by many factors including local climate factors.In recent years,more and more studies on the effects of climate on plague were conducted.According to the researches,climate factors (mainly the rainfall and temperature) affected the development and distribution of plague by influencing the abundance of plague host animals and fleas index.The climate also affected the epidemic dynamics and the scope of plague.There were significant differences existing in the influence of climate on the palgue developed in the north and south China.In the two different plague epidemic systems,the solitary Daurian ground squirrel-flea-plague and the social Mongolian gerbil-flea-plague,the obvious population differences existed among the responses of the host animal to the climate changes.Although the internal relationship between the rainfall,the flea index,the density of rodents and the plague supported the nutritional cascade hypothesis,it can not prove that there is a clear causality between the occurrence of plague and rainfall.So the influence of climate factors on plague distribution can only be used for early forecasting and warning of the plague.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the plasmid features and geographical distribution characteristics of Yersinia pestis of different plague foci in China.

METHODSA total of 2 213 Yersinia pestis strains were colected from 11 Chinese plague foci separated during 1943 to 2012, and plasmid DNA according to alkali cracking method, and measured the relative molecular mass (Mr) of plasmid DNA based on the standard plasmid contrast method, then analyzed the plasmid profiles by agar gel electrophoresis.

RESULTSA total of 2 213 strains had 16 kinds of plasmids with different Mr, including 4×10(6), 6×10(6), 7×10(6), 13×10(6), 16×10(6), 20×10(6), 22×10(6), 23×10(6), 27×10(6), 30×10(6), 36×10(6), 45×10(6), 52×10(6), 65×10(6), 72×10(6) and 90×10(6). Plasmid were classified into 26 kinds of plasmid profiles. A total of 2 213 Yersinia pestis strains contained 4 large plasmids, 52×10(6), 65×10(6), 72×10(6) and 90×10(6), whose ratio was 22.10% (589/2 213), 75.60% (1 672/2 213), 0.17% (4/2 213), 2.12% (47/2 213), respectively. Among which, strains with plasmid 52×10(6), 65×10(6), 90×10(6) distributed in Qinghai-Tibet plateau Himalayan Marmot natural plague foci, strains with 72×10(6) plasmid only distributed in Inner Mongolia Meriones unguiculatus natural plague foci and Junggar Basin R. opimus natural plague foci, and 65×10(6) plasmid distributed in all the other foci.

CONCLUSIONStrains in Chinese 11 plague foci contained 4 kinds of large plasmid, the Mr respectively were 52×10(6), 65×10(6), 72×10(6), 90×10(6), which were classified into 26 kinds of plasmid profiles with other plasmid. These plasmid profiles distributed in relatively independent epidemic focus.