Objective To elucidate the regulatory effects of titanium surface modification on the immune function of immature dendritic cells(imDCs),different crystalline nanomorphologies were constructed on titanium surface to investigate the mechanobiological response of imDCs to nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases.Methods Nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases were constructed on the titanium surface by anodic oxidation and calcination.The changes of the cytoskeleton F-actin,cell adhesion and morphology of imDCs cultured on nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases were observed by fluorescence staining.The relative gene expression of adhesion molecules was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The migration behaviors of imDCs were observed using real-time live-cell imaging,and the membrane fluidity was detected by fluorescence polarization.Results Nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases,namely amorphous phase,anatase and rutile,were obtained on the titanium surface by anodic oxidation and calcination.The cytoskeleton of imDCs on nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases was remodeled.The spreading area of cells on anatase crystalline phase was relatively small,which was(353.3±148.5)μm2.The number of adherent cells was the largest,which was 587±132.The expression of adhesion molecules such as CD11a,integrin β2,ICAM1,and VCAM1 were also increased in cells which cultured on anatase crystalline phase.The imDCs cultured on anatase crystalline phase were equipped with strong migration ability.The accumulative migration distance was(383.6±177.7)μm,and the Euclidean migration distance was(51.82±50.13)μm.The membrane fluidity was relatively weak,and the fluorescence polarization was 0.348 5±0.041 8.Conclusions imDCs can respond to nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases on the titanium surface and exhibit different biomechanical behaviors.The results might provide a theoretical basis for the design of titanium biomaterials with immunomodulatory functions.

Objective To elucidate the regulatory effects of titanium surface modification on the immune function of immature dendritic cells(imDCs),different crystalline nanomorphologies were constructed on titanium surface to investigate the mechanobiological response of imDCs to nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases.Methods Nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases were constructed on the titanium surface by anodic oxidation and calcination.The changes of the cytoskeleton F-actin,cell adhesion and morphology of imDCs cultured on nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases were observed by fluorescence staining.The relative gene expression of adhesion molecules was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.The migration behaviors of imDCs were observed using real-time live-cell imaging,and the membrane fluidity was detected by fluorescence polarization.Results Nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases,namely amorphous phase,anatase and rutile,were obtained on the titanium surface by anodic oxidation and calcination.The cytoskeleton of imDCs on nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases was remodeled.The spreading area of cells on anatase crystalline phase was relatively small,which was(353.3±148.5)μm2.The number of adherent cells was the largest,which was 587±132.The expression of adhesion molecules such as CD11a,integrin β2,ICAM1,and VCAM1 were also increased in cells which cultured on anatase crystalline phase.The imDCs cultured on anatase crystalline phase were equipped with strong migration ability.The accumulative migration distance was(383.6±177.7)μm,and the Euclidean migration distance was(51.82±50.13)μm.The membrane fluidity was relatively weak,and the fluorescence polarization was 0.348 5±0.041 8.Conclusions imDCs can respond to nanomorphologies with different crystalline phases on the titanium surface and exhibit different biomechanical behaviors.The results might provide a theoretical basis for the design of titanium biomaterials with immunomodulatory functions.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by pathogenic fungi.They often contaminate various crops,and are detrimental to human and animal health.Mycotoxins have a variety of toxic effects,such as neurotoxicity,hepatotoxicity,immunotox-icity,teratogenicity,and carcinogenicity.However,the mechanism of immunotoxicity is still unclear.Dendritic cells(DCs),as the most potent antigen presenting cells,play a vital role in initiating innate and adaptive immune responses.Previous studies have found that mycotoxins can affect the endocytosis of DCs,the ability to stimulate T cell activation,the secretion of cytokines and chemokines.Thus,this review is aim to summarize the effects of mycotoxins on DCs-mediated immune responses,which may provide reference for researches to clarify the immunotoxicity mechanism of mycotoxins.

Objective : To investigate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on the biophysical properties and cytoskeleton structure of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCCs) . Methods: HepG2 cells were respectively treated with 0 , 0. 01 , 0. 1 , 1 , 5 , 10 μmol/L AFB1 for 24 h and 48 h , and the cell viability was measured by CCK⁃8 kit.Based on this result , the influences of 10 μmol/L AFB1 on the osmotic fragility , membrane fluidity , electrophoretic mobility (EPM) and F ⁃actin structure of cells were analyzed. Subsequently , total RNAs were extracted and the PCR. Results: The increased viability of HepG2 cells was induced by AFB1 in a dose⁃dependent manner after 48h treatment. After treated with 10 μmol/L AFB1 , the anti⁃hypotonic ability and EPM of HepG2 cells were en⁃hanced. The content of F ⁃actin in HepG2 cells increased obviously , while the mRNA expression levels of the main cytoskeleton binding proteins were altered. Conclusion AFB1 can affect the biophysical properties , cytoskeleton structure and its binding proteins of HepG2 cells , which may be directly related to its toxic action.

Objective To explore the effects of osmotic pressure on biomechanical properties and immune function of immature dendritic cells (imDCs) from mechanobiological viewpoint. Methods After treated with different osmotic pressures, the cell viability of imDCs was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The changes in morphology of imDCs were observed under laser scanning confocal microscope. Cell electrophoresis was applied to detect the changes in cell electrophoresis mobility. The membrane fluidity of the cells was detected by fluorescence polarization method, and the expression changes of immune-related molecules were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR). The phagocytic ability of the cell was detected by flow cytometry. ResultsBoth hyperosmosis and hypoosmosis could remodel the cyoskeletonof cells, even induce apoptosis. The electrophoresis mobility of the hypoosmosis group was significantly higher than that of the normal osmolarity group, while that of the hyperosmosis group was lower than that of the normal osmolarity group (P<0-05). Fluorescence polarization results showed that both hyperosmosis and hypoosmosis could significantly decrease the membrane fluidity of cells (P<0-05). The results of qPCR detection showed that both hyperosmosis and hypoosmosis could significantly increase the expression of CCR7, CD40, CD205, CD11a, CD11c on the surface of DCs, and the phagocytosis of cell was increased (P<0-05). Conclusions Hypertonic and hypotonic stress can influence biomechanical properties of imDCs and expression of immune-related molecules. The research findings are important for further understanding the immune regulation function of DCs.