Aromatherapy refers to the method of using the aromatic components of plants in appropriate forms to act on the entire body or a specific area to prevent and treat diseases. Essential oils used in aromatherapy are hydrophobic liquids containing volatile aromatic molecules， such as limonene， linalool， linalool acetate， geraniol， and citronellol. These chemicals have been extensively studied and shown to have a variety of functions， including reducing anxiety， relieving depression， promoting sleep， and providing pain relief. Terpenoids are a class of organic molecules with relatively low lipid solubility. After being inhaled， they can pass through the nasal mucosa for transfer or penetrate the skin and enter the bloodstream upon local application. Some of these substances also have the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier， thereby exerting effects on the central nervous system. Currently， the academic community generally agrees that products such as essential oils and aromatherapy from aromatic plants have certain health benefits. However， the process of extracting a single component from it and successfully developing it into a drug still faces many challenges. Its safety and efficacy still need to be further verified through more rigorous and systematic experiments. This article systematically elaborated on the efficacy of aromatic substances， including plant extracts and natural small molecule compounds， in antibacterial and antiviral fields and the regulation of nervous system activity. As a result， a deeper understanding of aromatherapy was achieved. At the same time， the potential of these aromatic substances for drug development was thoroughly explored， providing important references and insights for possible future drug research and application.

Talents are the core driving force to promote the high-quality development of public hospitals,and the talent team building is an important factor for hospitals to get sustainable development and improve comprehensive competitiveness.In view of the shortage of high-level talents,the imperfect talent reserve system,and the lagging personnel management mechanism of public hospitals and the resulting unreasonable talent team structure and talent gap,public hospitals should take talent team building as the starting point,pay equal attention to the introduction and training of talents,interact with discipline construction and talent construction,vigorously promote the construction of personnel management system and mechanism innovation,form a standardized,scientific,refined and efficient modern hospital management system,so that the effectiveness of talents can be max-imized,and provide intellectual support for the high-quality development of public hospitals.

Nasal preparations have unique advantages in drug delivery and are widely used in the treatment of local and systemic diseases. Nasal administration of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history in China. In recent years， nasal preparations of TCM have attracted wide attention. Based on the information about nasal preparations of TCM from the database of National Medical Products Administration （NMPA）， Yaozh.com and China National Knowledge Internet （CNKI） in the recent 30 years， the formulation， the listed products， commonly used TCM， pharmaceutical excipients， clinical application and safety research of modern nasal preparations of TCM were summarized and expounded. Focusing on many problems in the development of modern nasal preparations of TCM， such as inaccurate dosage of some products， incomplete quality standard system of pharmaceutical excipients， imperfect safety evaluation， lack of research and development of nasal drug delivery devices and so on， the possible solutions and prospects were put forward from the aspects of optimizing the extraction and separation process of TCM， the quality control and application method of pharmaceutical excipients， the development of new dosage forms， the safety evaluation of nasal administration of TCM， and the design and development of nasal administration devices. The aim is to provide ideas for the development of nasal preparations of TCM and provide scientific basis for its sustainable utilization.

On March 24, 2017, a patient with Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) characterized by bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma and pancreatic tumors was admitted to our hospital, who underwent simultaneous pancreatic body and tail tumor resection, bilateral adrenal tumor resection and Omentum transplantation of the right adrenal gland.Intraoperative hormone therapy was used. Part of the normal adrenal tissue was preserved and embedded in the omentum, but an adrenal crisis occurred on the first day after the operation.The hormone replacement was used. Postoperative hormone replacement therapy was performed for 6 months. After 4 years of follow-up, blood pressure was normal, no cortical dysfunction, no tumor recurrence or other related lesions appeared. The preserved part of adrenal tissue during simultaneous multi-organ tumor resection for such patients can reduce long-term hormone replacement after surgery and prevent late adrenal cortex dysfunction.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between venous collateral circulation and clinical data such as symptoms, parenchymal injury, and prognosis in patients with cerebral venous thrombosis(CVT).Methods:The clinical and imaging data of patients with CVT diagnosed in the department of Neurosurgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University from December 2011 to August 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 32 patients with CVT were included, 19 males and 13 females, aged from 20 to 60 (39±12) years. All patients underwent cerebral angiography, individualized delayed rotational phlebography. According to the number and diameter of collateral circulation and the phenomenon of flow delay of contrast medium, the collateral venous circulation scale (CVCS) was developed and divided into 3 levels. The clinical data (risk factors, course of disease, clinical symptoms), imaging data (parenchymal injury, thrombus site), treatment (endovascular treatment, decompressive craniectomy) and prognosis of all patients were recorded. The differences in clinical data, imaging appearances, parenchymal injury, and prognosis between patients with different CVCS were compared, and the correlation between variables with statistically significant differences and CVCS was compared using the Gamma method or Spearman correlation analysis.Results:Among the 32 patients with CVT, 9 were CVCS 0, 13 were CVCS 1 and 10 were CVCS 2. Among them, there were 19 cases of neurological deficit and 17 cases of brain parenchymal injury. There were significant differences in course of disease, neurological deficit, focal dyskinesia, language dysfunction, consciousness disorder, isolated headache, deep vein thrombosis, cortical vein thrombosis and prognosis across different CVCS ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that CVCS was positively correlated with course of disease and isolated headache ( r=0.724, 0.637, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with neurological deficit symptoms, focal dyskinesia, disturbance of consciousness, brain parenchymal injury and deep vein thrombosis ( r=-0.797, -0.451, -0.782, -0.697, -0.427, P<0.05). The results of 90 days follow-up showed that there were 18 cases with mRS 0, 6 cases with mRS 1, 2 cases with mRS 2-4, and 1 case with mRS 5-6 points. There was a negative correlation between CVCs grading and mRS score at 90 days ( r=-0.732, P<0.001). Conclusion:Lower cerebral venous collateral circulation grade is associated with higher incidence of brain parenchymal injury, neurological deficit symptoms, and worse clinical prognosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the changes of plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2),6-keto-prostaglandin 1 α (6k-PGF1 α) and positive platelet α-granule membrane glycoprotein (CD62P) in patients with acute cerebral infarction.Methods 160 patients with acute cerebral infarction (case group) and 80 healthy subjects were enrolled in our hospital from August 2016 to August 2018.The plasma levels of 6k-PGF1α,CD62P and TXB2 were measured and analyzed.Subgroup analysis was performed on patients with cerebral infarction with different trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) classification,National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score,and prognosis outcome.Results The plasma levels of 6k-PGF1α,CD62P and TXB2 in the case group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma levels of 6k-PGF1 α,CD62P and TXB2 in mild,moderate and severe groups were gradually increased (P ＜ 0.05).The plasma levels of 6k-PGF1 α,CD62P and TXB2 in patients with small infarction,mid-infarction and large infarction were also gradually increased,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05);plasma 6k-PGF1 α,CD62P,TXB2 levels in patients with good prognosis were significantly lower than those in poor prognosis group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The levels of plasma TXB2,6k-PGF1α and CD62P in patients with acute cerebral infarction are elevated,and are closely related to the patient's condition and prognosis.

Objective: To explore the value of bioelectrical impedance analysis in evaluating hemodialysis patients′ nutritional status. Methods: Cross-sectional design was employed to evaluate 193 hemodialysis patients′ nutritional status in a Level 3 hospital in Zhuhai, with bioelectrical impedance analysis, modified quantitative subjective global assessment, physical and biochemical measurement. The correlation between each index and the predictive effect of bioelectrical impedance analysis on malnutrition of patients were analyzed. Results: According to bioelectrical impedance analysis, hemodialysis patients′ average muscle mass was (44.06±8.84) kg, body fat rate was (19.81±8.89)%, fat free mass index was (17.70±2.45) kg/m², presumed bone mass was (2.49±0.46) kg, and extracellular water rate was (40.54±3.75)%. The bioelectrical impedance analysis indexes were significantly correlated with most other nutritional evaluation indexes (P<0.05). The muscle mass and bone mass of the malnourished group were lower than that of the well-nourished group (P<0.01). Multivariable logistic regression analysis found that body fat rate (OR=0.94, 95%CI 0.89-0.99), fat free body mass index (OR=0.79, 95%CI 0.66-0.93) were associated with lower risk of malnutrition, age (OR=1.08, 95% CI 1.04-1.12), dialysis age (OR=1.02, 95%CI 1.01-1.04), high sensitive C reactive protein (OR=1.11, 95%CI 1.03-1.23) were associated with higher risk of malnutrition. Conclusion Bioelectrical impedance analysis is a valid measurement on evaluating maintenance hemodialysis patients′ nutritional status. There has a high prevalence of malnutrition in hemodialysis patients. The lower risk of malnutrition is associated with higher body fat rate and higher fat free mass index, and the higher risk of malnutrition is associated with older age, longer dialysis age and higher level of high sensitive C reactive protein.

AIM: To investigate the effects of propofol on the expression of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in the hippocampus and the cognitive function in neonatal rats.METHODS: The 7-day-old rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the rats in control (CON) group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 7 d;the rats in single dose of propofol anesthesia (SP) group were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline for 6 d and with propofol on the 7th day;the rats in repeated dose of propofol anesthesia (RP) group were intraperitoneally injected with propofol for 7 d.Blood glucose and blood gas analysis were tested in 6 rats of each group.The rats were randomly selected from each group to isolate the hippocampal tissues at 2 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 30 d after the last injection.The spatial learning and memory functions of the other rats aged 25 d were determined by Morris water maze.The morphological changes of the hippocampus were observed by HE staining and Nissl's staining.The expression of tPA and MMP9 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by RT-PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with group CON, the protein expression of tPA and MMP9 in RP group was significantly decreased at each time point, while no significant decrease was observed in SP group except at the time point of 24 h.Compared with CON group, the mRNA expression of tPA and MMP9 was down-regulated obviously in RP group, which was not significantly down-regulated in SP group.From the 3rd training day of Morris water maze beginning, the escape latency was prolonged, and the space exploration time and the number of crossing the original platform location were reduced in RP group compared with CON group and SP group, while no significant difference was observed between CON group and SP group.Compared with CON group, the number of nerve cells reduced and nerve cells arranged in disorder in the hippocampus in RP group.Moreover, the number of Nissl body decreased significantly and finally developed into neuronal degeneration and necrosis in RP group, and no significant difference between SP group and CON group was observed.CONCLUSION: Repeated dose of propofol anesthesia leads to long-term cognitive dysfunction in neonatal rats, which may be related to the down-regulation of tPA and MMP9 expression and destruction of normal morphology and function of neurons in hippocampus, whereas single dose of propofol anesthesia has no such effects.

Objective In order to study the biological characteristics of macrophages and provide the materials to study the survival mechanism of intracellular parasites, we conducted this study to establish a high-purity alveolar macrophage isolation and culture method.Methods Goat lungs were lavaged with normal saline in sterile environment several times, and cells were collected and then goat alveolar macrophages were purified by density gradient centrifugation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) solution.The isolated goat alveolar macrophages were cultured in cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope every day,and the phagocytic activity of the cells was detected by chicken red blood cell phagocytosis test.Flow cytometry was used to detect CD14, a characteristic monocyte-macrophage surface marker.Results The adherent cells were characterized by typical macrophage morphology, pseudopodia and protrusions, showing round and irregular shape, rich cytoplasm, and large cell body.Of the cultured macrophages, 54.5% could phagocytize chicken erythrocytes and showed good phagocytic activity.After one month of in vitro culture, 93.7% of the cells were able to express CD14 antigen, which had a macrophage-specific immunophenotype.Conclusions The alveolar macrophages obtained in this study have high purity and good bioactivity, thus provide a cell model for studying the immune mechanism of intracellular parasites.

Aim To observe the improvement effects of parecoxib on ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in rats and its influence on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups(n=8):sham operation group (group S), ventricular remodeling model group(group R), low dose of parecoxib group(group P1), middle dose of parecoxib group(group P2), and high dose of parecoxib group(group P3).A myocardial infarction model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch(LAD) of coronary artery in group R, group P1, group P2 and group P3.One day after the operation,the rats were given intraperitoneal injection of 4,8,12 mg·kg-1 parecoxibin Group P1, group P2 and group P3,respectively, for two weeks.The same volume saline was given in group S and group R.Four weeks later, LVSP, LVEDP,+dp/dtmax,-dp/dtmax were monitored.The hearts were harvested to calculate left ventricular hypertrophy index.The pathological change of heart was examined with an optical microscope.The expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) mRNA and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) mRNA were detected by RT-PCR.The expression of PI3K,Akt,P-Akt and caspase-3 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group S, the cardiac function was decreased, the left ventricular hypertrophy index, the expression levels of ANP,BNP mRNA, caspase-3 were increased, and the expression levels of PI3K, P-Akt were reduced in group R(all P<0.05).Compared with group R, the cardiac function was ameliorated, the left ventricular hypertrophy index were reduced in group P2 and group P3(all P<0.05).The expression levels of ANP,BNP mRNA, Caspase-3 were decreased, and the expression levels of PI3K and P-Akt were increased in group P1,group P2 and group P3(all P<0.05).Conclusions Middle and high doses of parecoxib can mitigate the process of ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarctionand improve the myocardial function, and its underlying mechanism may be related to activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.