Objective: Introduce and briefly describe the status, characteristics, and writing ideas of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition, providing reference and suggestions for better understanding and implementation of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition.
Methods:This article elaborates on the content and revision of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition from the perspective of frame structure and main contents.
Results:Compared with other pharmacopoeias of various countries, Chinese Pharmacopoeia includes standards for traditional Chinese medicine, chemical drugs, biological products and excipients, pharmaceutical packaging materials, etc. Each section of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has its own general notice, with 34 to 48 items arranged in 11 to 12 chapters. Depending on the type of products included and the development history, the general notice in each section present differences in format and content. Given the importance and significance of the standards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, it is necessary for the industry to coordinate and unify the general notice in various parts of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. With the introduction and revision of regulations, changes in the content of pharmacopoeias, and the application of new technologies, methods, and concepts in drug quality control, considering the unique characteristics of various drugs in quality control and supervision, Chinese Pharmacopoeia has comprehensively standardized relevant requirements. While taking into account the characteristics of the first, second, third, and fourth parts of the pharmacopoeia, it retains the characteristics of relative uniformity and the content of each part, achieving the unified standardization of the general rules of each general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition and the coordination and consistency of common content.
Conclusion: The current version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has undergone significant changes and improvements in both form and content. By introducing the overall situation and revised content of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition, pharmacopoeia users can have a deeper understanding of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and use it correctly.

Objective To find out about perceived stress,self-compassion,cognitive flexibility,and depression among young males at high altitudes,construct a relational model between perceived stress and depression,explore the relationship between perceived stress and depression,and examine the roles of self-compassion and cognitive flexibility.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,733 young males from a high-altitude unit were surveyed via the general information questionnaire,the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale(CPSS),the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory(CFI),Self-Compassion Scale(SCS)and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scales(CES-D).Results(1)TheCES-D score was 13.92±3.38.(2)Perceived stress was positively correlated with depression(r=0.28,P＜0.01).(3)Self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and depression,accounting for 59.05％of the total effect.(4)Cognitive flexibility moderated the relationship between self-compassion and depression(P＜0.05).Conclusion Young males at high altitudes exhibit notable levels of depressive symptoms.Perceived stress was significantly positively correlated with depression.By enhancing self-compassion and cognitive flexibility,the incidence of depressive symptoms among young males in prolonged high-stress conditions can be reduced.

Background: Medicinal plants rich in endophytic fungi are a significant source of natural lead compounds. Meroterpenoids, which are hybrid natural products originating from partially terpenoid pathways, exhibit impressive structural complexity and substantial potential as drug candidates. The structural diversity of meroterpenoids is largely attributed to the functional diversity of terpenoid cyclases, which generate a variety of terpenoid compounds with different ring systems. This enzymatic versatility underscores the biochemical potential of endophytic fungi and their invaluable role in drug discovery. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of endophytic fungi from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in facilitating diverse cyclization modifications of meroditerpenoids through four terpene cyclases (TCs) from the Pyr4 family. Methods: This study utilized a recombinant strategy to successfully reconstruct four distinct TCs from endophytic fungi in the heterologous host, Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1. The structural characterization of the resulting secondary metabolites was performed using mass spectrometry and NMR techniques. Results: The substitution of TCs from the endophytes Aspergillus felis 0260 and Fusarium graminearum 1962 in Aspergillus oryzae through hydrophobic intermediates 1 and 2, led to the production of meroditerpenoids sartorypyrone C (3) and a new compound, 4′-methylchevalone E (4), respectively. This study demonstrates the critical role of endophytic fungi in enhancing structural diversity. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into the compatibility of pathway combinations and the interchangeability of terpene cyclases derived from endophytic fungi in medicinal plants, which advanced the understanding of meroditerpenoid biosynthesis and highlighted the importance of endophytic fungi in drug discovery.

Background: Medicinal plants rich in endophytic fungi are a significant source of natural lead compounds. Meroterpenoids, which are hybrid natural products originating from partially terpenoid pathways, exhibit impressive structural complexity and substantial potential as drug candidates. The structural diversity of meroterpenoids is largely attributed to the functional diversity of terpenoid cyclases, which generate a variety of terpenoid compounds with different ring systems. This enzymatic versatility underscores the biochemical potential of endophytic fungi and their invaluable role in drug discovery. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of endophytic fungi from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in facilitating diverse cyclization modifications of meroditerpenoids through four terpene cyclases (TCs) from the Pyr4 family. Methods: This study utilized a recombinant strategy to successfully reconstruct four distinct TCs from endophytic fungi in the heterologous host, Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1. The structural characterization of the resulting secondary metabolites was performed using mass spectrometry and NMR techniques. Results: The substitution of TCs from the endophytes Aspergillus felis 0260 and Fusarium graminearum 1962 in Aspergillus oryzae through hydrophobic intermediates 1 and 2, led to the production of meroditerpenoids sartorypyrone C (3) and a new compound, 4′-methylchevalone E (4), respectively. This study demonstrates the critical role of endophytic fungi in enhancing structural diversity. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into the compatibility of pathway combinations and the interchangeability of terpene cyclases derived from endophytic fungi in medicinal plants, which advanced the understanding of meroditerpenoid biosynthesis and highlighted the importance of endophytic fungi in drug discovery.

Background: Medicinal plants rich in endophytic fungi are a significant source of natural lead compounds. Meroterpenoids, which are hybrid natural products originating from partially terpenoid pathways, exhibit impressive structural complexity and substantial potential as drug candidates. The structural diversity of meroterpenoids is largely attributed to the functional diversity of terpenoid cyclases, which generate a variety of terpenoid compounds with different ring systems. This enzymatic versatility underscores the biochemical potential of endophytic fungi and their invaluable role in drug discovery. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the role of endophytic fungi from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis in facilitating diverse cyclization modifications of meroditerpenoids through four terpene cyclases (TCs) from the Pyr4 family. Methods: This study utilized a recombinant strategy to successfully reconstruct four distinct TCs from endophytic fungi in the heterologous host, Aspergillus oryzae NSAR1. The structural characterization of the resulting secondary metabolites was performed using mass spectrometry and NMR techniques. Results: The substitution of TCs from the endophytes Aspergillus felis 0260 and Fusarium graminearum 1962 in Aspergillus oryzae through hydrophobic intermediates 1 and 2, led to the production of meroditerpenoids sartorypyrone C (3) and a new compound, 4′-methylchevalone E (4), respectively. This study demonstrates the critical role of endophytic fungi in enhancing structural diversity. Conclusions: These findings provide valuable insights into the compatibility of pathway combinations and the interchangeability of terpene cyclases derived from endophytic fungi in medicinal plants, which advanced the understanding of meroditerpenoid biosynthesis and highlighted the importance of endophytic fungi in drug discovery.

Objective:Introduce and briefly describe the status,characteristics,and writing ideas of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition,providing reference and suggestions for better understanding and imple-mentation of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition.Methods:This article elaborates on the content and revision of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition from the perspective of frame structure and main con-tents.Results:Compared with other pharmacopoeias of various countries,Chinese Pharmacopoeia includes stand-ards for traditional Chinese medicine,chemical drugs,biological products and excipients,pharmaceutical packa-ging materials,etc.Each section of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has its own general notice,with 34 to 48 items arranged in 11 to 12 chapters.Depending on the type of products included and the development history,the general notice in each section present differences in format and content.Given the importance and significance of the stand-ards in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,it is necessary for the industry to coordinate and unify the general notice in various parts of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.With the introduction and revision of regulations,changes in the content of phar-macopoeias,and the application of new technologies,methods,and concepts in drug quality control,considering the unique characteristics of various drugs in quality control and supervision,Chinese Pharmacopoeia has compre-hensively standardized relevant requirements.While taking into account the characteristics of the first,second,third,and fourth parts of the pharmacopoeia,it retains the characteristics of relative uniformity and the content of each part,achieving the unified standardization of the general rules of each general notice in the Chinese Pharmaco-poeia 2025 edition and the coordination and consistency of common content.Conclusion:The current version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia has undergone significant changes and improvements in both form and content.By introdu-cing the overall situation and revised content of general notice in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 edition,pharma-copoeia users can have a deeper understanding of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and use it correctly.

Objective To explore the mediating role of mindful attention and awareness in depressive symptoms and insomnia severity among patients with comorbid depression and insomnia.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted,enrolling 267 patients with comorbid depression and insomnia who were treated in the outpatient Department of Medical Psychology of Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University,from March to May 2024.Basic demographic and clinical data were collected using a general information questionnaire.Depressive symptom severity was measured via the Patient Health Questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),insomnia severity via the Insomnia Severity Index(ISI),perceived stress via the Perceived Stress Scale-10(PSS-10),and mindful attention and awareness via the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale(MAAS).Pearson correlation analysis was used to examine the correlations between depressive severity,insomnia severity,perceived stress,and mindful attention and awareness.Mediation analysis was performed using Process 4.1.Results The PHQ-9 score was(13.80±5.98)and the ISI score was(17.10±5.56)in the 267 patients.Pearson correlation analysis showed that depressive severity and insomnia severity were positively correlated with perceived stress(r=0.531,0.351,P<0.001)and negatively correlated with mindful attention and awareness(r=-0.373,-0.350,P<0.001).Mediation analysis using Process 4.1 indicated that the combined mediating effect of mindful attention and awareness and insomnia between perceived stress level and depressive level was 0.157,with a 95%confidence interval(CI)of 0.102～0.217,and the total mediating effect was significant(P<0.001).Conclusion Perceived stress directly positively affects depression and indirectly exacerbates depression through insomnia as a mediator,and mindful attention and awareness can weaken the promoting effect of perceived stress on insomnia.

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic value of three-dimensional CT values in active pulmonary tuberculosis(APTB)and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis(IPTB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.According to whether the pulmonary tuberculosis lesions were active,the patients were divided into APTB group(n=61)and IPTB group(n=35).The baseline data,CT signs,and three-dimensional CT values were compared between two groups.Additionally,the results of three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method in evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were compared,and the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of using three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method to evaluate the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were further analyzed.Results APTB group showed a higher incidence of bilateral pulmonary lesions than IPTB group(P<0.05).Compared with IPTB group,APTB group had higher proportions of blurred boundaries,parenchymal cavities,ground-glass opacities,and tree-in-bud signs(P<0.05),but lower proportions of parenchymal bronchiectasis,parenchymal calcifications,and fibrous strip shadows(P<0.05).The three-dimensional CT values in APTB group were lower than those in IPTB group(P<0.05).Significant differences were observed between conventional CT reading method and three-dimensional CT values in evaluating the activities of pulmonary parenchymal calcifications and thick-wall cavities(P<0.05).Specifically,three-dimensional CT values correctly identified 92 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 59 cases of APTB and 33 cases of IPTB,and the remaining 4 misidentified lesions were calcified,consolidated and nodular lesions.Conventional CT reading method correctly identified 68 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 43 cases of APTB and 25 cases of IPTB.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of three-dimensional CT values were all higher than those of conventional CT reading method(P<0.05).Conclusion Three-dimensional CT values can effectively determine the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis,exhibiting high sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.

Objective To evaluate the influence of precision symptom management based on Internet plus on patients with corneal ulcer.Methods An intervention team was set up to build an Internet+precise symptom management plan for corneal ulcer patients,and the research involved 120 patients with corneal ulcers in a tertiary A hospital in Chongqing from July to December 2023.The patients were divided into an intervention group(n=60)and a control group(n=60)according to the random number table generated by SPSS.Symptom assessment questionnaires were completed once a day during hospitalization and twice a week after discharge,and visual acuity,quality of life,and self-efficacy were assessed on the day of admission and 4 weeks after discharge.Results A total of 112 patients completed the study.The data of 54 cases in the intervention group and 58 cases in the control group were statistically analyzed.During hospitalization and within 4 weeks after discharge,the reported symptom threshold events in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group(P=0.031,P=0.027),and the visual acuity,quality of life,and self-efficacy of the intervention group patients were better than those of the control group patients at the end of the 4th week,with statistically significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Symptom management program based on internet plus can alleviate patients'symptom experience,improve patients'visual acuity,quality of life and self-efficacy.

Objective To explore the differential diagnostic value of three-dimensional CT values in active pulmonary tuberculosis(APTB)and inactive pulmonary tuberculosis(IPTB).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 96 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.According to whether the pulmonary tuberculosis lesions were active,the patients were divided into APTB group(n=61)and IPTB group(n=35).The baseline data,CT signs,and three-dimensional CT values were compared between two groups.Additionally,the results of three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method in evaluating the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were compared,and the accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of using three-dimensional CT values and conventional CT reading method to evaluate the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis were further analyzed.Results APTB group showed a higher incidence of bilateral pulmonary lesions than IPTB group(P<0.05).Compared with IPTB group,APTB group had higher proportions of blurred boundaries,parenchymal cavities,ground-glass opacities,and tree-in-bud signs(P<0.05),but lower proportions of parenchymal bronchiectasis,parenchymal calcifications,and fibrous strip shadows(P<0.05).The three-dimensional CT values in APTB group were lower than those in IPTB group(P<0.05).Significant differences were observed between conventional CT reading method and three-dimensional CT values in evaluating the activities of pulmonary parenchymal calcifications and thick-wall cavities(P<0.05).Specifically,three-dimensional CT values correctly identified 92 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 59 cases of APTB and 33 cases of IPTB,and the remaining 4 misidentified lesions were calcified,consolidated and nodular lesions.Conventional CT reading method correctly identified 68 cases of tuberculosis lesions,including 43 cases of APTB and 25 cases of IPTB.The sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy of three-dimensional CT values were all higher than those of conventional CT reading method(P<0.05).Conclusion Three-dimensional CT values can effectively determine the activity of pulmonary tuberculosis,exhibiting high sensitivity,specificity,and accuracy.