Reporting guidelines are structured checklists for researchers to follow when reporting spe-cific types of studies.As researches conducted in real-world settings to address practical issues,implementa-tion research has stringent requirements for the replicability of result and the transparency of reporting,making its reporting guidelines particularly important.This paper systematically introduces the reporting guidelines in the field of implementation science,outlines their classification systems and scopes of applica-tion,and focuses on explaining the core characteristics and functions of five key reporting guidelines,inclu-ding the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies(StaRI),Reporting guidelines for implementation and operational research,the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),the Frame-work for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced(FRAME),and recommendations for specifying and reporting implementation strategies.Furthermore,combined with the PEDALs research paradigm in im-plementation science,this paper further clarifies the specific application pathways for reporting guidelines and discusses directions for refinement,aiming to provide references for researchers to select appropriate reporting guidelines.

Objective:To investigate the current use of ulinastatin in the treatment of critically ill children by pediatricians in China.Methods:A anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 147 pediatric critical care physicians from 36 hospitals across 16 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China.The survey content consists of three parts: respondents' basic information, the application status of ulinastatin, and the clinical indicators referenced for evaluating the use of ulinastatin. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the collected data.Results:Among the 147 respondents,99.32%(146/147) were from tertiary hospitals；72.11%(106/147) worked in specialized ICUs,and 4.08%(6/147)in emergency medicine departments.A total of 68.03%(100/147) of the physicians reported using ulinastatin in clinical practice.The main diseases for which ulinastatin was used were pancreatitis(26.40%),sepsis and septic shock(23.76%),capillary leak syndrome(21.78%),acute respiratory distress syndrome(8.91%),and disseminated intravascular coagulation(6.27%).A total of 90.00% of physicians combined ulinastatin with other medications,including glucocorticoids(26.82%),albumin(23.51%),plasma(17.22%),and immunoglobulins(13.58%). Clinical indicators referenced during ulinastatin use included elevated interleukin(IL)-6(76.87%),tumor necrosis factor-α(44.22%),IL-8(31.97%),IL-1(19.73%),IL-18(10.20%),blood lactate(59.18%),decreased serum albumin levels(70.07%),increased pleural or peritoneal effusion(67.35%),skin and mucosal edema(65.31%),and elevated thrombomodulin among the four coagulation parameters(58.50%).Conclusion:Ulinastatin is mainly used for the treatment of critical illnesses such as pancreatitis and sepsis.Most physicians combine ulinastatin with other drugs,such as glucocorticoids and albumin.Clinical indicators commonly referenced when using ulinastatin include elevated IL-6,increased lactate,and increased pleural effusion,which suggest a high inflammatory state and endothelial damage.

Reporting guidelines are structured checklists for researchers to follow when reporting spe-cific types of studies.As researches conducted in real-world settings to address practical issues,implementa-tion research has stringent requirements for the replicability of result and the transparency of reporting,making its reporting guidelines particularly important.This paper systematically introduces the reporting guidelines in the field of implementation science,outlines their classification systems and scopes of applica-tion,and focuses on explaining the core characteristics and functions of five key reporting guidelines,inclu-ding the Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies(StaRI),Reporting guidelines for implementation and operational research,the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),the Frame-work for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications-Enhanced(FRAME),and recommendations for specifying and reporting implementation strategies.Furthermore,combined with the PEDALs research paradigm in im-plementation science,this paper further clarifies the specific application pathways for reporting guidelines and discusses directions for refinement,aiming to provide references for researchers to select appropriate reporting guidelines.

Objective:To investigate the current use of ulinastatin in the treatment of critically ill children by pediatricians in China.Methods:A anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 147 pediatric critical care physicians from 36 hospitals across 16 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities in China.The survey content consists of three parts: respondents' basic information, the application status of ulinastatin, and the clinical indicators referenced for evaluating the use of ulinastatin. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the collected data.Results:Among the 147 respondents,99.32%(146/147) were from tertiary hospitals；72.11%(106/147) worked in specialized ICUs,and 4.08%(6/147)in emergency medicine departments.A total of 68.03%(100/147) of the physicians reported using ulinastatin in clinical practice.The main diseases for which ulinastatin was used were pancreatitis(26.40%),sepsis and septic shock(23.76%),capillary leak syndrome(21.78%),acute respiratory distress syndrome(8.91%),and disseminated intravascular coagulation(6.27%).A total of 90.00% of physicians combined ulinastatin with other medications,including glucocorticoids(26.82%),albumin(23.51%),plasma(17.22%),and immunoglobulins(13.58%). Clinical indicators referenced during ulinastatin use included elevated interleukin(IL)-6(76.87%),tumor necrosis factor-α(44.22%),IL-8(31.97%),IL-1(19.73%),IL-18(10.20%),blood lactate(59.18%),decreased serum albumin levels(70.07%),increased pleural or peritoneal effusion(67.35%),skin and mucosal edema(65.31%),and elevated thrombomodulin among the four coagulation parameters(58.50%).Conclusion:Ulinastatin is mainly used for the treatment of critical illnesses such as pancreatitis and sepsis.Most physicians combine ulinastatin with other drugs,such as glucocorticoids and albumin.Clinical indicators commonly referenced when using ulinastatin include elevated IL-6,increased lactate,and increased pleural effusion,which suggest a high inflammatory state and endothelial damage.

Objective To develop exercise programs for patients with total hip replacement at different stages in order to promote postoperative rehabilitation and functional recovery.Methods According to the"6S"evidence pyramid model,using computer,a systematic search was conducted using computer-based top-down methods across BMJ Best Practice,Up To Date,the Joanna Briggs Institute evidence-based practice database(JBI),the Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare,the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence(NICE)website,the Guidelines International Network(GIN),the National Guideline Clearinghouse(NGC),the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network(SIGN),Medlive,Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,CINAHL,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Biomedical Literature Service System,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and VIP Database,to select literature related to exercise for patients undergoing total hip replacement.Three researchers independently assessed these documents and extracted evidence to preliminarily form exercise programs.The Delphi method was used to further validate the scientific and practical aspects of the exercise programs by two rounds of consultation.Results Specific exercise programs for patients undergoing total hip replacement were developed for the preoperative stage,postoperative 1(within 1 week after operation),postoperative stage 2(2-6 weeks after operation),and postoperative stage 3(7-12 weeks after operation),with toatal 41 items.Conclusion The exercise programs developed in this study are scientifically sound and reasonable.They can provide reference for medical staff and patients in related fields.

Objective To investigate the regulatory role of miR-26b-3p in proliferation,migration and invasion of glioma.Methods The expressions of miR-26b-3p and cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1(CREB1)in gliomas of different pathological grades were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze the target sequence of miRNA-26b-3p binding to CREB1,and dual luciferase gene reporter experiment was performed to explore the mechanism for targeted regulation of CREB1 by miR-26b-3p.Glioma U251 cells were treated with miR-26b-3p mimic or inhibitor,and the changes in CREB1 expression and cell proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis were determined with Western blotting,CCK-8 assay,wound healing assay,Transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Results The expression of miR-26b-3p decreased while CREB1 expression increased significantly as the pathological grade of gliomas increased(P<0.05).Dual luciferase gene reporter experiment confirmed that CREB1 was a downstream target of miR-26b-3p.Inhibition of miR-26b-3p significantly upregulated the expression of CERB1,suppressed apoptosis and promoted proliferation and invasion of glioma cells,and overexpression of miR-26b-3p produced the opposite effects(P<0.05).Conclusion MiR-26b-3p regulates CREB1 expression to modulate apoptosis,proliferation,migration and invasion of glioma cells,thereby participating in tumorigenesis and progression of glioma.

Objective To investigate the regulatory role of miR-26b-3p in proliferation,migration and invasion of glioma.Methods The expressions of miR-26b-3p and cAMP-responsive element binding protein 1(CREB1)in gliomas of different pathological grades were detected with RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Bioinformatic methods were used to analyze the target sequence of miRNA-26b-3p binding to CREB1,and dual luciferase gene reporter experiment was performed to explore the mechanism for targeted regulation of CREB1 by miR-26b-3p.Glioma U251 cells were treated with miR-26b-3p mimic or inhibitor,and the changes in CREB1 expression and cell proliferation,migration,invasion and apoptosis were determined with Western blotting,CCK-8 assay,wound healing assay,Transwell assay,and flow cytometry.Results The expression of miR-26b-3p decreased while CREB1 expression increased significantly as the pathological grade of gliomas increased(P<0.05).Dual luciferase gene reporter experiment confirmed that CREB1 was a downstream target of miR-26b-3p.Inhibition of miR-26b-3p significantly upregulated the expression of CERB1,suppressed apoptosis and promoted proliferation and invasion of glioma cells,and overexpression of miR-26b-3p produced the opposite effects(P<0.05).Conclusion MiR-26b-3p regulates CREB1 expression to modulate apoptosis,proliferation,migration and invasion of glioma cells,thereby participating in tumorigenesis and progression of glioma.

Objective To explore the application of cluster nursing mode in perioperative period of elderly patients with hip fracture.Methods A retrospective cohort study design was used.Through convenience sampling method,50 elderly patients admitted to the hospital for hip fractures from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as the control group.Meanwhile,47 elderly patients admitted to hospital for hip fractures from January 2020 to December 2021 were selected as the experimental group.The experimental group received cluster nursing,while the control group received routine nursing measures.The outcomes compared between the 2 groups included the effective rate of pain intervention,functional exercise compliance,and the incidence of complications.Results The effective rate of pain intervention(χ2=5.922,P=0.015)and functional exercise compliance(χ2=9.685,P= 0.008)in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group.The number of perioperative complications(χ2=7.600,P=0.006)in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group.Conclusion The application of cluster nursing mode in the perioperative period of elderly patients with hip fractures can effectively control pain,improve functional exercise compliance,and reduce complications.

Objective:To preliminarily analyze the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and to investigate its potential regulatory mechanism in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP).Methods:Patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from February 2020 to May 2021 were selected, including 17 males and 6 females, aging from 23 to 66 years old. Expression of ACE2 was evaluated via immunohistochemical staining in controls with non-chronic rhinosinusitis, non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (non-ECRSwNP), and eosinophilic CRSwNP (ECRSwNP) tissue, respectively. Correlations between ACE2 and the indicated Th1/Th2-related cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25, IL-33, TSLP and periostin) were analyzed based on GSE72713 dataset. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via string database, immune infiltration of GSE72713 dataset was evaluated using cibersort algorithm. ACE2 was comprehensively analyzed by microRNA regulatory network, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and pharmacological analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad 7.0 and SPSS 20.0 software.Results:ACE2 was up-regulated in non-ECRSwNP compared with ECRSwNP. Microarray analysis showed that ACE2 was positively correlated with IFN-γ while inversely correlated with IL-5, IL-13 and periostin significantly. Analysis of immune infiltration suggested that ACE2 expression correlated positively with the number of M1 macrophage while negatively with M2 macrophage. GSEA demonstrated that interferon-related signaling pathways were up-regulated in non-ECRSwNP, and miRNA-200B/miRNA-200C/miRNA-429 pathways targeting ACE2 were enriched in ECRSwNP. Results of pharmacological analysis indicated that ampicillin was able to promote the expression of ACE2 whereas acetaminophen could down regulated the expression of ACE2.Conclusion:Expression pattern of ACE2 is varied in non-ECRSwNP and ECRSwNP, which may be related to the different infiltration of indicated cytokines and different regulatory pathways of miRNA.

Objective:To investigate the expression and cellular provenance of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) in non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (nECRSwNP), and to analyze the possible reasons for its different expression.Methods:Samples were collected from 14 patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (ECRSwNP) and 28 patients with nECRSwNP, who underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2017 to May 2018, including 33 males and 9 females, with the age ranging from 18 to 65 years old. Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry were used to investigate the expression and cellular origins of IL-17A in the nasal tissue of ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP groups. Then the difference of quantity and differentiation ability of the major cells producing IL-17A between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP groups were analyzed by flow cytometry. Finally, the expressions of IL-6, transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), and IL-23, which were considered as the important factors in promoting Th17/Tc17 differentiation in CRSwNP and their correlation with IL-17A, were analyzed by ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS 20.Results:The IL-17A protein levels and IL-17A +lymphocyte percentages were higher in nECRSwNP group compared with that of the ECRSwNP group (158.56 (167.76) pg/ml ( M( QR)) vs. 9.42 (11.33) pg/ml, 10.21%±1.54% ( ± s) vs. 3.93%±0.80%, Z=2.95, t=3.62, all P<0.01). Tc17 cells (CD8 +T cells producing IL-17A) and Th17 cells (CD4 +T cells producing IL-17A) were major IL-17A producers in both ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP group. Further analysis revealed that there was no significant difference in quantity of CD8 +and CD4 +T cells between ECRSwNP and nECRSwNP group, but the differentiation ability about CD8 +and CD4 +T cells differentiating into Tc17 and Th17 in nECRSwNP group was stronger than that in ECRSwNP. The high expressions of IL-6 and TGF-β, which were considered as the important factors in promoting Th17/Tc17 differentiation were also found in nECRSwNP group compared with ECRSwNP (56.07 (234.25) pg/ml vs. 8.27 (12.51) pg/ml, (5.44±0.34) pg/ml vs. (4.17±0.22) pg/ml, Z=2.426, t=2.29, all P<0.05). But the difference in expression of IL-23 was not significant difference between the two groups. Moreover, the expression of IL-17A showed significantly positive correlation with IL-6 ( r=0.615, P=0.009). No positive correlation between IL-17A and TGF-β or IL-23 was observed. Conclusions:The expression of IL-17A in nasal mucosa of nECRSwNP patients is significantly higher than that of ECRSwNP, which is due to the increase of expression and differentiation of Tc17/Th17 cells. IL-17A shows positive correlation with IL-6 in CRSwNP, which is the important factor in promoting Th17/Tc17 differentiation.