BACKGROUND: Spicy food consumption has been reported to be inversely associated with mortality from multiple diseases. However, the effect of spicy food intake on the incidence of vascular diseases in the Chinese population remains unclear. This study was conducted to explore this association. METHODS: This study was performed using the large-scale China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) prospective cohort of 486,335 participants. The primary outcomes were vascular disease, ischemic heart disease (IHD), major coronary events (MCEs), cerebrovascular disease, stroke, and non-stroke cerebrovascular disease. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the association between spicy food consumption and incident vascular diseases. Subgroup analysis was also performed to evaluate the heterogeneity of the association between spicy food consumption and the risk of vascular disease stratified by several basic characteristics. In addition, the joint effects of spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of vascular disease were also evaluated, and sensitivity analyses were performed to assess the reliability of the association results. RESULTS: During a median follow-up time of 12.1 years, a total of 136,125 patients with vascular disease, 46,689 patients with IHD, 10,097 patients with MCEs, 80,114 patients with cerebrovascular disease, 56,726 patients with stroke, and 40,098 patients with non-stroke cerebrovascular disease were identified. Participants who consumed spicy food 1-2 days/week (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = [0.93, 0.97], P <0.001), 3-5 days/week (HR = 0.96, 95% CI = [0.94, 0.99], P = 0.003), and 6-7 days/week (HR = 0.97, 95% CI = [0.95, 0.99], P = 0.002) had a significantly lower risk of vascular disease than those who consumed spicy food less than once a week ( Ptrend <0.001), especially in those who were younger and living in rural areas. Notably, the disease-based subgroup analysis indicated that the inverse associations remained in IHD ( Ptrend = 0.011) and MCEs ( Ptrend = 0.002) risk. Intriguingly, there was an interaction effect between spicy food consumption and the healthy lifestyle score on the risk of IHD ( Pinteraction = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support an inverse association between spicy food consumption and vascular disease in the Chinese population, which may provide additional dietary guidance for the prevention of vascular diseases.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Vascular Diseases/etiology* ; Risk Factors ; China/epidemiology* ; Adult ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology* ; East Asian People

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of exempting Asian-type DEL pregnant women from anti-D monitoring and RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis injections by comparing and analyzing the clinical incidence of anti-D alloimmunization between Asian-type DEL pregnant women and true RhD-negative pregnant women. Methods: A total of 165 pregnant women who were initially screened as RhD negative by the saline method and received medical treatment in our hospital from December 2022 to August 2024 were collected as the research subjects. Absorption and elution tests, DEL genotyping, and gene sequencing were used to divide the pregnant women into the Asian-type DEL group and the true negative group. After obtaining informed consent, the following clinical management plan was implemented for pregnant women with Asian-type DEL: exemption from routine anti-D antibody detection, exemption from RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis, and transfusion of RhD-positive red blood cells. Blood samples of newborns were sent for examination of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). The routine management plan was implemented for true negative pregnant women. The incidence of alloimmunization and HDFN was comparatively analyzed between the two groups. Results: Among 165 initially screened RhD negative pregnant women, serological testing and genotyping confirmed 42 as Asian-type DEL, 9 as D variant, and 114 as true negative. Among 42 pregnant women with Asian-type DEL, 3 cases tested positive for HDFN due to receiving RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis injection. The remaining 39 cases were exempted from anti-D testing after being fully informed of the risk, and did not receive RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis. The HDFN tests were all negative. In the true negative group, anti-D antibodies were detected in 20 cases, of which 6 cases tested positive for HDFN. A pregnant woman with Asian -type DEL did not show RhD homologous immune response after receiving 2 units of RhD positive red blood cells. Statistical analysis revealed a significantly lower risk of anti-D alloimmunization in Asian-type DEL carriers compared to true D-negative pregnant women (P<0.05). Conclusion: Pregnant women with Asian-type DEL can be exempted from routine anti-D antibody testing and do not require routine RhD immunoglobulin prophylaxis injections.

Objective: To analyze the changes in homologous immunity after RhCE-matched transfusion in positive patients with RhCE blood group antibodies, and to provide precise transfusion strategies for chronic anemia patients. Methods: Patients with chronic anemia in our hospital from January 2020 to March 2024 (continuously receiving blood transfusions for more than 6 months) were enrolled, and 63 cases of unexpected antibody screening positive and identified as RhCE blood group antibodies were selected as the research subjects. The changes in unexpected antibody yield rate after ABO and RhCcDEe isotype blood transfusion were observed. Patients with MNS, Kidd, or Lewis blood group antibodies were screened for corresponding negative donors using monoclonal antibodies for extended typing transfusion based on RhCcEe typing, and the changes in unexpected antibody yield rate after transfusion were observed. Blood group genotyping was performed when serological techniques failed to resolve discrepancies or detect abnormal antigen expression. Results: After RhCcDEe-matched transfusions, RhCE antibodies disappeared in 62 patients, while 1 patient developed anti-Ce. The latter did not develop blood type isotype immunity after receiving RhccEE donor blood. Among the 62 patients, 9 developed unexpected antibodies against other systems: anti-M (4 cases), anti-Mur (2), anti-S (1), anti-Jka (1), and anti-Lea (1). No additional alloimmunization occurred after extended antigen-matched transfusions. A patient with serologically weak e phenotype was genotyped as DCe/DcE, with gene sequencing revealing an 827C>A mutation in exon 6 of the RHCE gene, forming the RHCE 01.31 allele. Conclusion: Precise transfusion strategies incorporating RhCE, MNS, Kidd, and Lewis blood group antigen typing can reduce the probability of blood group homologous immunity. RhCE complex antibodies and RhCE variants pose difficulties for clinical RhCE typing transfusion, which can be addressed through cross-matching and genetic analysis.

With the rapid development of personalized medicine, recommending the optimal treatment regimes among multiple options for individual patients has become a key topic in the study of individualized treatment rules. Existing methods often face challenges such as limited accuracy and robustness when handling multi-category treatment problems. This study proposes a weighted random forest method that formulates the treatment decision problem as a weighted classification task. By incorporating the expected loss differences among treatment outcomes, the method enhances its learning process and improves recommendation performance with the non-parametric nature and flexibility of random forests. The weighted random forest method is further applied to real-world hypertension intervention data to generate personalized antihypertensive treatment recommendations based on the patient's baseline characteristics, demonstrating its potential value in clinical practice. This research aims to provide a new approach for individualized treatment rules in multi-treatment settings and to support the development of data-driven clinical decision-making systems.

Aim To investigate the predictive value of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]combined with systemic inflam-matory response index(SIRI)on in-stent restenosis(ISR)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods The clinical data of 770 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2012 to December 2024 and underwent coronary angiography six months after surgery were collected.According to the imaging re-sults,the patients were divided into ISR group(n=194)and non-ISR group(n=576).Multivariate Logistic regression and random forest model were used to analyze the independent risk factors of ISR.Risk factors included in the analysis were glycated hemoglobin,SIRI,Lp(a),lymphocyte count,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1)and residual cholesterol.Results The levels of Lp(a)and SIRI in the ISR group were significantly higher than those in the non-ISR group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the combined indicator of Lp(a)and SIRI was 0.789,which was higher than the 0.652 of the single indicator Lp(a)and 0.778 of SIRI.Conclusion Lp(a)and SIRI are independent risk factors for the occurrence of ISR after PCI,and the combination of Lp(a)and SIRI can better predict the occurrence of ISR.

With the rapid development of personalized medicine, recommending the optimal treatment regimes among multiple options for individual patients has become a key topic in the study of individualized treatment rules. Existing methods often face challenges such as limited accuracy and robustness when handling multi-category treatment problems. This study proposes a weighted random forest method that formulates the treatment decision problem as a weighted classification task. By incorporating the expected loss differences among treatment outcomes, the method enhances its learning process and improves recommendation performance with the non-parametric nature and flexibility of random forests. The weighted random forest method is further applied to real-world hypertension intervention data to generate personalized antihypertensive treatment recommendations based on the patient's baseline characteristics, demonstrating its potential value in clinical practice. This research aims to provide a new approach for individualized treatment rules in multi-treatment settings and to support the development of data-driven clinical decision-making systems.

Aim To investigate the predictive value of lipoprotein(a)[Lp(a)]combined with systemic inflam-matory response index(SIRI)on in-stent restenosis(ISR)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods The clinical data of 770 patients with coronary heart disease who underwent PCI in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from May 2012 to December 2024 and underwent coronary angiography six months after surgery were collected.According to the imaging re-sults,the patients were divided into ISR group(n=194)and non-ISR group(n=576).Multivariate Logistic regression and random forest model were used to analyze the independent risk factors of ISR.Risk factors included in the analysis were glycated hemoglobin,SIRI,Lp(a),lymphocyte count,apolipoprotein A1(ApoA1)and residual cholesterol.Results The levels of Lp(a)and SIRI in the ISR group were significantly higher than those in the non-ISR group(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of the combined indicator of Lp(a)and SIRI was 0.789,which was higher than the 0.652 of the single indicator Lp(a)and 0.778 of SIRI.Conclusion Lp(a)and SIRI are independent risk factors for the occurrence of ISR after PCI,and the combination of Lp(a)and SIRI can better predict the occurrence of ISR.

Objective: To explore growth and intelligence development of low birth weight infants (LBWI) at 24 and 36 months of age, so as to provide reference for early monitoring and intervention of the development of LBWI. Methods: A total of 100 LBWI born and managed in Hefei Maternal and Child Health Care Institution were selected from 2012 October 1 to 2015 December 30, and 99 normal birth weight infants (NBWI) under child health management in the same sitinstitution were selected as controls. According a prospective cohort study method, and based on the establishment of a cohort and monitoring of childhood growth and development, a unified method was used to longitudinally follow up and observe the physical fitness of two groups of infants at the determined time points. The development of LBWI and NBWI at 24 and 36 months of age was surveyed using the Gesell Development Scale. Results: Weight, length and head circumference of LBWI children at the age of 15-36 months were significantly lower than those of NBWI children ( P <0.05). In addition, 117 children (43.98%) completed the full assessment of intelligent development scale, including 62 LBWI and 55 NBWI. The scores of Gesell in NBWI group was higher than that in LBWI group at 24 and 36 months of age, including adaptability, gross motor, fine metor skills, language and personal social functions ( t =-4.17, -3.82, -3.21 , -3.03, -2.61; -4.23, -3.16, -3.07, -3.13, -3.99, P <0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis found that birth weight was positively correlated with adaptability, gross motor, fine motor skills, language functions at 24 and 36 months of age and personal social function at 36 months of age ( β =0.004, 0.010; 0.003, 0.008; 0.003, 0.007; 0.004, 0.009; 0.011, P ＜0.05). Conclusion The growth and development of LBWI children are significantly delayed compared to NBWI children. The scores of LBWI children are lower than those of NBWI children in all functional areas. Weight is the main factor affecting children s intellectual development. Early monitoring and intervention of low birth weight infants should be carried out to avoid or mitigate adverse consequences.

Objective: To explore the relationship between father s emotional symptoms with offspring s emotional and behavioral problems, so as to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children. Methods: Using the method of multi stage sampling, two kindergartens from each of the two counties, two districts and two development zones were selected from Hefei during February to April 2023. A total of 3 672 children aged 3 to 6 years old and their fathers were selected from 12 kindergartens. Fathers filled out the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and mothers filled out the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the relationship between father s emotional symptoms and preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems. Results: The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children was 18.65%, and the detection rates of stress, anxiety and depression in fathers were 4.82%, 10.05% and 6.64%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed when fathers had negative emotions of stress, anxiety and depression, the detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in their offspring was higher than children with father without negative emotion group ( OR =1.77-2.13, P <0.01). Father s stress symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in boys, while father s anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in boys and girls ( OR =1.45-2.69, P <0.05). Father s stress symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the first child, while father s anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the first child, second child and above ( OR =1.81-2.49, P <0.05). Conclusions Father s negative emotional symptoms are important factors affecting preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems. Early detection and targeted intervention of father s negative emotional symptoms are beneficial to the prevention and control of preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems.

Objective: To understand sexual orientation and characteristics of sexual behaviors related with HIV infection among HIV positive male college students in Beijing and to provide suggestions for development of sexual health education and HIV prevention strategy for student population. Methods: HIV positive male college students diagnosed from 2016 to June 30, 2019 in Beijing were recruited. Questionnaire was used to retrospectively investigate sexual orientation and characteristics of sexual behaviors before HIV infection. Behaviors related to HIV infection were compared between absolutely homosexual and others sexual orientation. Results: The average age of male students firstly identified to be HIV positive was (22.18±2.70) years old, 61.5%(123) of them were undergraduate, 69.5%(139) were not registered permanent residency in Beijing, 38.5%(77) of their interviewed sexual partners were from online chat and 83.0%(166) had homosexual behaviors. Sexual orientation score analysis showed that 50.0% of the participants self identified as exclusively homosexual. Compared with other sexual oriental group, exclusively homosexual group had lower mean age of their HIV infection firstly identified（ t =2.77， P =0.01）, higher rate of Rush use, firstly insertive sexual behavior with male, firstly insertive sexual behavior before 18 years old, sexual partners more than three persons, having regular partners, nonpersistent use of condom, being diagnosed of sexual transmitted disease and the frequency of homosexual behaviors more than 1 time per month （ χ 2=5.15,28.06,4.16,5.34,5.89,7.39,6.68, P <0.05）. Rush users had higher rate of STD diagnosis than non users in exclusively homosexual group ( χ 2=6.26， P =0.01). Conclusion Risky sexual behaviors associated with HIV infection were higher in exclusively homosexual group then other sexual orientation groups among HIV positive male college students. Family and school should concern with sexual health education byreinforcing health education via network media to improve college students’ awarenees on HIV/AIDS.