This case report describes a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After receiving Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT), the tumor significantly reduced in size, and tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ) decreased. Postoperative pathological results showed minimal residual tumor cells, indicating that ⁹⁰Y-SIRT has good efficacy and safety in downstaging and conversion of HCC, thereby facilitating subsequent surgical resection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Huazhuo Jiedu prescription in treating ulcerative colitis （UC） by regulating mitophagy. MethodsThe genes related to mitophagy and UC were retrieved from GeneCards， and then the common genes of mitophagy and UC were analyzed by metascape to identify the genes related to mitophagy in UC. Animal experiments were carried out to decipher the mechanism by which Huazhuo Jiedu prescription treated UC by regulating mitophagy. Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were randomized into normal， model， high-， medium-， and low-dose （50， 25， 12.5 g·kg^-1， respectively） Huazhuo Jiedu prescription， and mesalazine （0.52 g·kg^-1·d^-1） groups， with 10 mice in each group. After successful modeling by the dextran sulfate sodium-free drinking method， the colonic mucosal damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining， and the ultracellular structure of colon mucosa was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1） and Parkin protein were determined by Western blot. The expression of prohibitin 2 （PHB2）， ubiquitin-specific protease 15 （USP15）， ubiquitin-specific protease 30 （USP30） in the colon tissue was detected by immunofluorescence （IF）. ResultsAll the drug intervention groups showed ameliorated pathological manifestations of the colonic mucosa and improved mitochondrial structures in UC mice. Compared with the normal group， the model group demonstrated up-regulated protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin （P<0.05）， enhanced average fluorescence intensity of PHB2 （P<0.05）， and weakened average fluorescence intensity of USP15 and USP30 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the mesalazine group and the high- and medium-dose Huazhuo Jiedu prescription groups showcased down-regulated protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin （P<0.05）， decreased average fluorescence intensity of PHB2 （P<0.05）， and enhanced average fluorescence intensity of USP15 and USP30 （P<0.05）. The low-dose Huazhuo Jiedu prescription group showed down-regulated protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin （P<0.05）， weakened average fluorescence intensity of PHB2 （P<0.05）， and enhanced average fluorescence intensity of USP15 and USP30 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuazhuo Jiedu prescription can attenuate the intestinal mucosal injury and improve the mitochondrial cell ultrastructure in UC mice by regulating the expression of PINK1-Parkin pathway and inhibiting excessive mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Huazhuo Jiedu prescription in treating ulcerative colitis （UC） by regulating mitophagy. MethodsThe genes related to mitophagy and UC were retrieved from GeneCards， and then the common genes of mitophagy and UC were analyzed by metascape to identify the genes related to mitophagy in UC. Animal experiments were carried out to decipher the mechanism by which Huazhuo Jiedu prescription treated UC by regulating mitophagy. Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were randomized into normal， model， high-， medium-， and low-dose （50， 25， 12.5 g·kg^-1， respectively） Huazhuo Jiedu prescription， and mesalazine （0.52 g·kg^-1·d^-1） groups， with 10 mice in each group. After successful modeling by the dextran sulfate sodium-free drinking method， the colonic mucosal damage was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining， and the ultracellular structure of colon mucosa was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression levels of mitophagy-related proteins PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 （PINK1） and Parkin protein were determined by Western blot. The expression of prohibitin 2 （PHB2）， ubiquitin-specific protease 15 （USP15）， ubiquitin-specific protease 30 （USP30） in the colon tissue was detected by immunofluorescence （IF）. ResultsAll the drug intervention groups showed ameliorated pathological manifestations of the colonic mucosa and improved mitochondrial structures in UC mice. Compared with the normal group， the model group demonstrated up-regulated protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin （P<0.05）， enhanced average fluorescence intensity of PHB2 （P<0.05）， and weakened average fluorescence intensity of USP15 and USP30 （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， the mesalazine group and the high- and medium-dose Huazhuo Jiedu prescription groups showcased down-regulated protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin （P<0.05）， decreased average fluorescence intensity of PHB2 （P<0.05）， and enhanced average fluorescence intensity of USP15 and USP30 （P<0.05）. The low-dose Huazhuo Jiedu prescription group showed down-regulated protein levels of PINK1 and Parkin （P<0.05）， weakened average fluorescence intensity of PHB2 （P<0.05）， and enhanced average fluorescence intensity of USP15 and USP30 （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuazhuo Jiedu prescription can attenuate the intestinal mucosal injury and improve the mitochondrial cell ultrastructure in UC mice by regulating the expression of PINK1-Parkin pathway and inhibiting excessive mitophagy.

ObjectiveTo explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Xianglian Huazhuo prescription on chronic atrophic gastritis （CAG） in rats based on the Hedgehog signaling pathway. MethodsThe CAG rat model was established by sodium salicylate， N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitroguanidine （MNNG）， and irregular feeding. The successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into a model group （180 mg·L^-1）， a moradan group （1.4 g·kg^-1）， and Xianglian Huazhuo Prescription groups with high， medium， and low doses （36， 9， 18 g·kg^-1）， followed by drug intervention. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe morphological changes in the gastric mucosa. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of gastric mucosa cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to detect the mRNA expression of Sonic Hedgehog （Shh）， Patched 1 （Ptch1）， and Glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 （Gli1）. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression levels of Shh， Ptch1， and Gli1 in the gastric mucosa. Immunohistochemistry was used to observe the protein expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin. ResultsCompared with the normal group， the CAG model group showed a reduction in gastric mucosal intrinsic glands and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The ultrastructure of gastric mucosal cells showed nuclear pyknosis， fewer mitochondria， and abnormal mitochondrial structure. The mRNA and protein expression of Shh， Ptch1， and Gli1 in the gastric mucosa were significantly decreased （P<0.05）， and E-cadherin protein expression was decreased. Compared with the model group， the intervention groups showed varying degrees of improvement in histopathological morphology and cellular ultrastructure. The mRNA and protein expression of Shh， Ptch1， Gli1， and E-cadherin increased to varying degrees. Xianglian Huazhuo Prescription upregulated the expression of key Hedgehog pathway factors and E-cadherin at both the mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）. ConclusionXianglian Huazhuo prescription has a therapeutic effect on CAG in rats， and its mechanism may be related to activation of the Hedgehog signaling pathway and inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition （EMT）.

Chinese materia medica has a wide range of clinical applications， but it has many active ingredients with different physicochemical properties， and the target organs， action pathways and mechanisms for different ingredients to exert their efficacy are not the same. Therefore， it is difficult to design and develop a co-delivery system loading multiple components of Chinese materia medica to maximize the synergistic therapeutic efficiency. Based on the characteristics of effectiveness and functionality of active ingredients， the strategies for multi-component co-delivery of Chinese materia medica can be categorized into two types：firstly， based on the effectiveness of active ingredients， new carriers such as liposomes， nanoparticles can be constructed to load multi-components of Chinese materia medica. secondly， based on the functionality of some active ingredients of Chinese materia medica， they are employed in the construction of co-delivery system， which can give play to the dual characteristics of their own efficacy and preparation functions. In this paper， we summarized the relevant research progress of the above two types of multi-component co-delivery strategies， and mainly discussed the pharmaceutical functions of the active ingredients in co-delivery systems， in order to find a more suitable multi-component co-delivery strategy， promoting the design and development of new delivery systems of Chinese materia medica.

ObjectiveTo investigate the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ［25 （OH） D］ and its influencing factors in women during mid-pregnancy， and to provide an evidence for improving the vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. MethodsA total of 220 pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy who underwent regular prenatal examinations at the Tianjin Binhai New Area Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center from February 2022 to February 2023 were selected as the research subjects. Basic clinical data of the pregnant women were collected. A 25 （OH） D level of ≥30 μg·L^-1 was considered sufficient， while a level of <30 μg·L^-1 was considered insufficient. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to explore the factors influencing changes of 25 （OH） D levels in pregnant women. ResultsThe proportion of mid-pregnancy women with sufficient and insufficient 25 （OH） D levels were 15.9% （35/220） and 84.1% （185/220）， respectively. Univariate analysis showed that 25 （OH） D level in mid-pregnancy women was associated with maternal age， season of blood collection， weekly duration of outdoor activities， dietary preferences， calcium supplementation， multivitamin supplementation， and passive or active smoking， and all the differences were statistically significant （all P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women aged ≥35 years （OR=6.242， 95%CI： 2.501‒15.426， P<0.001）， with dietary preferences （OR=1.091， 95%CI： 1.034‒1.150， P<0.001）， and those who smoked or were exposed to passive smoking （OR=1.217， 95%CI： 1.084‒3.563， P<0.001）， or during winter （OR=2.196， 95%CI： 1.593‒3.024， P<0.001） were more likely to have 25 （OH） D deficiency. Conversely， women engaged in ≥10 hours of outdoor activities per week （OR=3.406， 95%CI： 1.818‒5.386， P<0.001）， supplemented with calcium （OR=1.811， 95%CI： 1.052‒3.116， P=0.032）， and supplemented with multivitamins （OR=3.662， 95%CI： 1.864‒5.386， P<0.001） had a relatively lower risk of 25 （OH） D deficiency. The difference was statistically significant. ConclusionThe incidence of 25 （OH） D deficiency is high in mid-pregnancy women and is primarily associated with maternal age， season of blood collection， weekly duration of outdoor activities， dietary preferences， and supplementation of multivitamins. It is necessary to conduct 25 （OH） D level screening and provide necessary medical interventions and corresponding educational programs for pregnant women.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of Fuhe Decoction （敷和汤） with different doses of Suanzaoren （Ziziphus jujuba） for atopic dermatitis （AD）. MethodsForty-eight female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， loratadine group， and Fuhe Decoction groups with high， medium， and low doses of Fuhe Decoction （Fuhe Decoction high-， medium-， and low-dose groups）， with eight mice in each group. The AD model was prepared by continuous stimulation with 2，4-dinitrofluorobenzene （DNFB） in all groups but the normal group. After modelling， the Fuhe Decoction high-， medium- and low-dose groups were given 24， 18 and 15 g/（kg·d） of Fuhe Decoction， the loratadine group was given 0.001 g/（kg·d） of loratadine dry suspension， and the normal group and the model group were given 10 ml/（kg·d） of normal saline by gavage. All groups were gavaged for 14 days. The number of scratches within 10 min and the score of skin lesions were observed on the 7th and 14th days of modelling and on the 7th and 14th days of drug administration， respectively； serum immunoglobulin E （IgE） was detected by ELISA； the histopathological and morphological changes of the skin were observed by HE staining； and the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora were detected by 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal matter from the colon of the mice. ResultsCompared with the normal group， mice in the model group on the 7th day and the 14th day of modelling and the 7th day， the 14th day of gavage showed increased scratching within 10 min and higher skin lesion scores （P＜0.05）， with hyperkeratotic or incomplete epidermis， marked thickening of spiny cells， and a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the mice after gavage； serum levels of IgE elevated （P＜0.05）， and the abundance of Bacillota decreased， that of the Bacteroidota and bacteria elevated， and relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Prevotella spp. decreased， and relative abundance of Anaplasma spp. and Treponema spp. increased （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the number of scratches within 10 min and the skin lesion scores of mice in the loratadine group and the Fuhe Decoction medium- and high-dose groups decreased on the 7th day and the 14th day of gavage （P＜0.05）， serum IgE reduced， and the bacteria reduced in the loratadine group， the abundance of Bacteroidesmus spp. increased and Bacteriodesmus spp. decreased in the medium-dose group of Fuhe Decoction， the abundance of Bacteriodesmus spp. decreased in the loratadine group， the abundance of Bacteriodesmus spp. decreased， and that of both Lactobacillus spp. and Prevotella spp. increased in Fuhe Decoction medium-dose group （P＜0.05）. Compared with the loratadine group， the skin lesion scores increased in Fuhe Decoction low-dose group， and the number of scratching increased in the Fuhe Decoction low- and high-dose groups on the 7th day and the 14th day of gavage； the IgE content increased in Fuhe Decoction low-dose group， the Bacillota increased and the Bacteroidota decreased， the Lactobacillus spp. and Prevotella spp. increased in Fuhe Decoction middle-dose group， and Anopheles spp. increased in Fuhe Decoction high-dose group after gavage （P＜0.05）. ConclusionFuhe Decoction can improve the clinical symptoms of AD， regulate the relative abundance of intestinal flora to correct the disorders of the bacterial flora， among which the effect of Fuhe Decoction medium-dose group is optimal and comparable to that of the loratadine group， and the reduction of serum IgE inflammatory response may be one of its mechanisms of action.

ObjectiveTo observe the regulatory effect of Huangwu Ganfu ointment on transient receptor potential anchor protein 1 （TRPV1） receptor expression， macrophage polarization， and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase （p38 MAPK） signaling pathway in synovial tissue of knee osteoarthritis （KOA） rats with yang deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome and explore the mechanism of relieving peripheral inflammatory hyperalgesia of KOA. MethodForty-eight male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， high-dose， middle-dose， and low-dose groups of Huangwu Ganfu ointment （9.3， 4.65， 2.325 g·kg^-1）， and celecoxib group （20.82 mg·kg^-1）. The KOA rat model of yang deficiency and cold coagulation syndrome was established through climate box and swimming for two weeks combined with an injection of sodium iodoacetate （MIA） in the articular cavity. After continuous administration for four weeks， the general condition of rats in each group was observed， and the pain withdrawal threshold （PWT） and joint diameter induced by mechanical stimulation were recorded. The expression levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， nerve growth factor （NGF）， and calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP） inflammatory factor were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， and the histopathological changes of synovial tissue of the knee joint were observed by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of TRPV1， p38 MAPK， and p-p38 MAPK in synovial tissue of the knee joint， and immunofluorescence （IF） was used to evaluate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages. ResultCompared with that in the blank group， the overall mental state of the model group was worse， and the autonomous activity was decreased. The body mass was lower， and the joint diameter was increased. The X-ray showed that the osteophyte at the edge of the joint proliferated， and the articular surface was obviously rough. The articular cavity was significantly narrowed， and the PWT was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. The contents of IL-1β， TNF-α， CGRP， and NGF in serum and synovium Krenn score increased significantly （P<0.01）. The protein expression of TRPV1 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK increased significantly （P<0.01）， and the proportion of M1 macrophages and M1/M2 increased （P<0.01）， while the proportion of M2 macrophages decreased （P<0.01）. Compared with model group， the body mass in the low， middle， and high dose groups of Huangwu Ganfu ointment increased to different degrees （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The diameter of the knee joint in the high dose group of Huangwu Ganfu ointment and celecoxib group decreased （P<0.01）. The recovery of PWT in the high and middle dose groups of Huangwu Ganfu ointment groups was more obvious （P<0.05）. The contents of IL-1β and CGRP in the serum of rats in each administration group were significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and the content of serum TNF-α in the celecoxib group and high dose group of Huangwu Ganfu ointment decreased significantly （P<0.05）. The content of serum NGF in the middle dose group of Huangwu Ganfu ointment decreased significantly （P<0.05）， and the synovium Krenn score decreased in the high dose group of Huangwu Ganfu ointment （P<0.05）. In addition， the protein expression of TRPV1 and p-p38 MAPK/p38 MAPK in synovial tissue decreased significantly in all groups of Huangwu Ganfu ointment （P<0.01）. The proportion of M1 macrophages in synovial tissue in the celecoxib group and all groups of Huangwu Ganfu ointment decreased （P<0.01）， and the proportion of M2 macrophages in the high dose group of Huangwu Ganfu ointment increased （P<0.05）. The M1/M2 in the middle and high dose groups of Huangwu Ganfu ointment decreased （P<0.05）. ConclusionHuangwu Ganfu ointment can mediate the polarization of macrophages to reduce the inflammatory reaction of KOA， alleviate the release of inflammatory pain mediators， and lower the protein expression of TRPV1. The mechanism may be related to the p38 MAPK signaling pathway， so as to improve the peripheral hyperalgesia of KOA.

Objective:To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)in decidua tissue of patients with unexplained spontaneous abortion and their correlation.Methods:The expres-sions of TLR4,ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 in decidua tissues of 32 patients with unexplained spontaneous abortion(abortion group)and 32 normal pregnancy(control group)were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot,respectively.The correlation between TLR4 and p-ERK1/2 in abortion group were analyzed by Pearson hierarchical correlation analysis.Results:In immunohistochemical experiments,the cytoplasm of decidua cells in the two groups is the expression locus of TLR4,ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2,the expression of the three proteins were different,and the expressions of TLR4 and p-ERK1/2 in abortion group were significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in ERK1/2 expression between abortion group and control group(P>0.05);In decidua tissue samples of abortion group,the protein level of TLR4 was higher than that of control group(P<0.05);the pro-tein level of p-ERK1/2 was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.01),and the protein level of ERK1/2 in decidua tissue of abortion group was not statistically different from that of control group(P>0.05).TLR4 was positively correlated with p-ERK1/2 expression in abortion group(r=0.890,P<0.01).Conclusion:Abnormal activation of TLR4/ERK1/2 signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms of unexplained spontaneous abortion.

ObjectiveTo establish a qualitative analysis method for the chemical constituents of the reference sample of Xiao Xumingtang， and to establish the fingerprint of 15 batches of Xiao Xumingtang， so as to evaluate the quality consistency among batches. MethodAccording to the key information of Xiao Xumingtang in the Key Information Table of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（25 Formulas）， the reference sample of this formula was prepared， and it was detected by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS）. The chemical components were identified by self-constructed database， consulting relevant literature， and comparing with the reference substances， and the components were assigned by comparing with single drug samples and negative samples lacking single drug. The fingerprint of the reference sample of Xiao Xumingtang was established using high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the common peaks were assigned and identified through single drug samples and negative samples lacking single drug. ResultBased on the information of MS fragments， relevant literature， and database retrieval， a total of 64 compounds were identified and inferred from the reference sample of Xiao Xumingtang， including 31 flavonoids， 8 terpenoids， 12 triterpenoid saponins， 2 phthalides， 3 phenylpropanoids， 2 gingerols， 5 alkaloids， and 1 cyanoside. Among them， 21 were derived from Scutellariae Radix， 10 from stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， 9 from Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， 8 from Paeoniae Radix Alba， 4 from Saposhnikoviae Radix， 3 from Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， 3 from Chuanxiong Rhizoma， 2 from Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata， 2 from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， 1 from Ephedrae Herba， and 1 from Armeniacae Semen Amarum. The established HPLC fingerprint of the reference sample of Xiao Xumingtang had 23 common peaks， among which， peaks 1 and 2 were derived from Paeoniae Radix Alba， peaks 3 and 7 from Saposhnikoviae Radix， peaks 4， 8 and 9 from Stephaniae Tetrandrae Radix， peaks 10， 17， 18， 20 and 21 from stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， peaks 11-16， 19 and 22 from Scutellariae Radix， peak 5 from Chuanxiong Rhizoma， peak 23 from Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， peak 6 was the common component of stir-fried Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Scutellariae Radix. A total of 10 compounds including albiflorin（peak 1）， paeoniflorin（peak 2）， cimicifugoside（peak 3）， 5-O-methylvisammioside（peak 7）， baicalin（peak 11）， sec-O-glucosylhamaudol（peak 13）， oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glucuronide（peak 15）， wogonoside（peak 16）， glycyrrhizic acid（peak 21） and 6-gingerol（peak 23） were identified. The similarities of 15 batches of reference samples were>0.999， indicating that the reference samples had good consistency. ConclusionThrough the identification of the chemical constituents in the reference sample of Xiao Xumingtang， it is clear that the composition of the samples is mainly composed of flavonoids and triterpenoid saponins. The established fingerprint can basically reflect the overall chemical characteristics of the reference sample of Xiao Xumingtang， which can provide a basis for the quality research of its compound preparations.