This case report describes a 68-year-old male patient diagnosed with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). After receiving Yttrium-90 microsphere selective internal radiation therapy (⁹⁰Y-SIRT), the tumor significantly reduced in size, and tumor markers alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and abnormal prothrombin (PIVKA-Ⅱ) decreased. Postoperative pathological results showed minimal residual tumor cells, indicating that ⁹⁰Y-SIRT has good efficacy and safety in downstaging and conversion of HCC, thereby facilitating subsequent surgical resection.

Background Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants that pose potential health risks to humans. Infants and young children have higher requirements for food safety due to the underdeveloped detoxification and immune systems. Therefore, developing a comprehensive method for determination of PFASs and their novel alternatives in infant complementary food is of great significance. Objective To develop an analytical method using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry technology for determination of 55 PFASs in plant- and animal-derived infant complementary fruit purees. Methods Oasis WAX (200 mg, 6 CC) solid-phase extraction columns were used for sample enrichment and purification. The pH of the acetonitrile extract was adjusted using 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% formic acid aqueous solutions to evaluate its impact on the recovery rate of target compounds. Additionally, the impact of a 2 mL methanol wash during the purification process on the recovery of target compounds was assessed to determine the optimal pretreatment conditions. Three types of chromatographic columns—Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈, Thermo InfinityLab Poroshell 120 Aq-C₁₈, Acquity Waters BEH-C₁₈, and changes in mobile phase, were compared for their effects on retention time, peak shape, and response of target compounds. The method was validated in terms of selectivity, linear range, detection limit, and precision. The established method was applied to 49 commercial samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Results Adjusting the sample pH using 1.5% formic acid water and incorporating a 2 mL methanol wash during purification achieved satisfactory recovery rates. The target compounds were chromatographically separated using an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C₁₈ column with a gradient elution system. The mobile phase consisted of methanol-water (methanol/water: 2/98, v/v) containing 5 mmol·L⁻¹ ammonium formate as mobile phase A, and methanol as mobile phase B. Good separation was achieved within 15 min, resulting in optimal chromatographic peak shapes. The 55 target compounds exhibited good linearity across the standard curve range, with correlation coefficients (R²) greater than 0.99. The method detection limits ranged from 0.02 to 0.05 µg·L⁻¹. In the plant- and animal-based fruit puree samples, the spiked recovery rates ranged from 60% to 112% and 57% to 119%, respectively, with relative standard deviations (RSD) ≤ 30%. A total of 9 traditional PFASs and 5 novel PFASs were positive in 49 samples of infant complementary fruit purees. Conclusion This method enables comprehensive detection of 55 traditional and emerging PFASs, offering wide coverage, high accuracy, and excellent sensitivity. It provides technical support for characterizing contamination by traditional and emerging PFASs in food matrices.

Background With the progression of industrialization, an increasing number of emerging contaminants are entering aquatic environments, posing significant threats to the safety of drinking water. Therefore, establishing a system for identifying unknown hazardous factors and implementing safety warning mechanisms for drinking water is of paramount importance. Among these efforts, non-target screening plays a critical role, but its effectiveness is largely constrained by the scope of coverage of sample pre-treatment methods. Objective To integrate modern chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques with advanced data mining methods to develop a non-discriminatory sample pre-treatment method for comprehensive enrichment of unknown contaminants in drinking water, laying a technical foundation for the discovery and identification of unknown organic hazardous factors in drinking water. Methods A non-discriminatory pre-treatment method based on supramolecular and solid-phase extraction was developed. The final target compounds including 333 pesticides, 194 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), and 59 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) were used for optimizing the pre-treatment method, confirming its coverage. The impacts of different eluents on the absolute recovery rates of target compounds were compared to select the conditions with the highest recovery for sample pre-treatment. The effects of different supramolecular solvents and salt concentrations on target compound recovery were also evaluated to determine the most suitable solvent and salt concentration. Results The solid-phase extraction elution solvents, supramolecular extraction solvents, and salt concentrations were optimized based on the target compound recovery rates. The optimal recovery conditions were achieved using 2 mL methanol, 2 mL methanol (containing 1% formic acid), 2 mL ethyl acetate, 2 mL dichloromethane, hexanediol supramolecular solvent, and 426 mg salt. The detection method developed based on these conditions showed a good linear relationship for all target compounds in the range of 0.1-100.0 ng·mL⁻¹, with R² > 0.99. The method’s limit of detection ranged from 0.01 ng⁻¹ to 0.95 ng⁻¹, and 95% of target compounds were recovered in the range of 20%-120%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 30%, indicating good precision. Conclusion The combined pre-treatment method of solid-phase extraction and supramolecular solvent extraction can effectively enrich contaminants in drinking water across low, medium, and high polarities, enabling broad-spectrum enrichment of diverse trace contaminants in drinking water. It provides technical support for broad-spectrum, high-throughput screening and identification of organic pollutants in drinking water, and also serves as a reference for establishing urban drinking water public safety warning systems.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for over 90% of oral malignancies, with more than 370 000 new cases and approximately 188 000 deaths annually worldwide. In China, there are roughly 65 000 new cases and 35 000 deaths each year, showing a significant upward trend compared with 2015 statistics. Despite continuous advancements in treatment modalities, the 5-year survival rate remains stagnant at 50%-60%, where tumor heterogeneity and therapy resistance persist as fundamental barriers to precision oncology. To address these critical challenges, this study established a standardized bioban-king protocol for OSCC patient-derived organoids (PDOs) (Patent: Method for constructing an oral squamous cell carcinoma organoid bank, ZL202311378598.3). Through groundbreaking optimization of culture media, enzymatic digestion kinetics, and stepwise cryopreservation, we achieved a biobanking success rate exceeding 95% and pioneered synchronous cultivation of matched primary tumors, lymph node metastases, and adjacent normal mucosa from individual patients, preserving spatial heterogeneity and stromal interactions. Leveraging this platform, we developed high-throughput drug screening: Quantified heterogeneity-driven differential chemoresponse using adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-based viability assays; We discovered resistance mechanisms: Identified sialylated cancer IgG (SIA-cIgG)-mediated cis-platin resistance (primary/secondary) through PTPN13 suppression, with anti-SIA-cIgG combination therapy demonstrating synergistic efficacy. Besides, we elucidated metastatic drivers: CRISPR-Cas9-edited organoids revealed WDR54 promoted metastasis via H3K4me3/H4K16ac epigenetic reprogramming, activating epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (EMP) and inducing partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (pEMT). This "holographic patient-mirroring" platform provided unprecedented resolution for OSCC precision therapy and had been formally incorporated into the Chinese Stomatological Association Technical Guidelines (Technical guideline for establishing patient-derived oral squamous cell carcinoma organoid banks, CHSA 2024-08). Future integration of immune-competent organoids, 3D-bioprinted vasculature, and multi-omics-AI systems will accelerate personalized oncology. These innovations will accelerate clinical translation of personalized therapeutic regimens, ultimately bridging the gap between bench research and bedside application.
Humans ; Organoids/pathology* ; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Tissue Banks ; Biological Specimen Banks

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Zhuyun Yangmo Formula(composed of Dioscoreae Rhizoma,Corni Fructus,Cinnamomi Cortex,Cuscutae Semen,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Lycii Fructus,Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata,Polygonati Rhizoma,Asini Corii Colla,Rubi Fructus,etc.)combined with Letrozole for the treatment of patients with infertility caused by follicular maldevelopment(FM)of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome type.Methods Sixty patients with FM-caused infertility of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome type treated at the Reproductive Medicine Department of Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from February 2024 to August 2024 were randomized into a control group(30 cases,treated with Letrozole alone)and an observation group(30 cases,treated with Zhuyun Yangmo Formula plus Letrozole)for three menstrual cycles.Primary outcomes of maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles and serum levels of estradiol(E2),luteinizing hormone(LH),and follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)in the two groups were observed before and after treatment.After treatment,the pregnancy rates in the two groups were compared.Results After treatment,serum E2,LH and FSH levels in both groups were significantly increased compared to those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group showed significantly greater increase than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.01).(2)After treatment,both groups showed improvement in the maximum diameter of preovulatory follicles compared to that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group demonstrated significantly better improvement than the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.01).(3)After 3 menstrual cycles of treatment,the pregnancy rate in the observation group was 40.00%(12/30),significantly higher than 16.67%(5/30)in the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhuyun Yangmo Formula combined with Letrozole demonstrates superior efficacy in improving follicular development,elevating serum E2,LH and FSH levels,and increasing pregnancy rates in patients with FM-caused infertility of kidney deficiency and blood stasis syndrome type when compared to Letrozole monotherapy alone.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Yishen Pojian Formula(YSPJF)combined with Letrozole in treating infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction in polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type.Methods Sixty PCOS patients diagnosed as ovulatory-dysfunction-induced infertility(kidney deficiency and blood stasis type)at the Reproductive Medicine Department of Qingyuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from February 2024 to December 2024 were randomized into an observation group and a control group using a random number table,with 30 cases in each group.The control group received Letrozole alone,while the observation group received YSPJF combined with Letrozole.Both groups were treated for three menstrual cycles and followed up for three months.The changes in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,serum levels of sex hormones[follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),and anti-Müllerian hormone(AMH)],ovarian function parameters[antral follicle count(AFC),maximum follicle diameter(FD),and endometrial thickness(EM)]in the two groups were observed.Moreover,the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate were compared.Results(1)After treatment,the TCM syndrome scores of the two groups were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(2)After treatment,the serum FSH of the two groups was higher than that before treatment(P＜0.05),and the levels of serum LH,T,and AMH were lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the increase of the serum FSH level and the decrease of the levels of serum LH,T,and AMH in the observation group were significantly superior to those in the control group,the differences being all statistically significant(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,AFC was reduced(P＜0.05)and FD and EM were elevated(P＜0.05)in both groups compared with those before treatment,and the reduction of AFC and the elevation of FD and EM in the observation group were significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After treatment,the ovulation rate and pregnancy rate of the observation group were 90.00%(27/30)and 50.00%(15/30),respectively,which were higher than those of the control group[70.00%(21/30)and 30.00%(9/30)],and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion YSPJF combined with Letrozole exerts significant clinical efficacy for PCOS patients with infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type,and the combined therapy is effective on alleviating TCM syndromes,modulating sex hormone levels,improving ovarian function,and elevating ovulation rate and pregnancy rate.

Objective To analyze the prescription patterns of Professor Huang Feng,a nationally renowned traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practitioner,in treating osteomyelitis using data mining methods.Methods Prescription data from effective medical records of osteomyelitis treated by Professor Huang Feng between January 2018 and December 2022 were collected and screened.Microsoft Excel,SPSS Modeler 18.0,and SPSS Statistics 25 were used to analyze the frequency and the distribution of properties,flavors,and meridian tropism of prescribed medications,along with association rule analysis and cluster analysis of high-frequency drugs.Results A total of 137 prescriptions involving 86 Chinese medicinals were included.Eighteen high-frequency medicinals(frequency＞30 times)were identified,namely Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Coicis Semen,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Bletillae Rhizoma,Rehmanniae Radix,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Dendrobii Caulis,Polygalae Radix,Lablab Semen Album,Corydalis Rhizoma,Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,Drynariae Rhizoma,Sanguisorbae Radix,Poria,and Mume Fructus.Most of the prescribed medicinals were neutral in nature,sweet,bitter,and pungent in flavor,and had the meridian tropism of liver,spleen,and lung meridians.Association rule analysis yielded 67 drug association rules,and the high-support combinations were the drug combinations of Astragali Radix respectively with Coicis Semen,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma and Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,reflecting the compatibility principles of supplementing and invigorating qi-blood,activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,and draining dampness to remove toxins.Cluster analysis revealed three core clusters:Cluster 1 consisted of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma,Astragali Radix,Coicis Semen,Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma,Angelicae Sinensis Radix,Bletillae Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,Angelicae Dahuricae Radix,Mume Fructus,Polygalae Radix and Sanguisorbae Radix;Cluster 2 consisted of Rehmanniae Radix and Dendrobii Caulis;Cluster 3 consisted of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix,Lablab Semen Album,Corydalis Rhizoma and Poria.Conclusion For the treatment of osteomyelitis,Professor Huang Feng follows the principle of combining supporting healthy qi with eliminating pathogens,focuses on clearing damp-heat and pathogenic toxins accompanied by activating blood circulation to resolve stasis,and lays stress on adaptation to local condition and activating spleen-stomach to reinforce vital qi.

Chinese materia medica has a wide range of clinical applications， but it has many active ingredients with different physicochemical properties， and the target organs， action pathways and mechanisms for different ingredients to exert their efficacy are not the same. Therefore， it is difficult to design and develop a co-delivery system loading multiple components of Chinese materia medica to maximize the synergistic therapeutic efficiency. Based on the characteristics of effectiveness and functionality of active ingredients， the strategies for multi-component co-delivery of Chinese materia medica can be categorized into two types：firstly， based on the effectiveness of active ingredients， new carriers such as liposomes， nanoparticles can be constructed to load multi-components of Chinese materia medica. secondly， based on the functionality of some active ingredients of Chinese materia medica， they are employed in the construction of co-delivery system， which can give play to the dual characteristics of their own efficacy and preparation functions. In this paper， we summarized the relevant research progress of the above two types of multi-component co-delivery strategies， and mainly discussed the pharmaceutical functions of the active ingredients in co-delivery systems， in order to find a more suitable multi-component co-delivery strategy， promoting the design and development of new delivery systems of Chinese materia medica.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Qingxuan Zhike granules in improving cough symptoms and shortening the course of influenza (wind-heat invading lung) in children.Methods:In this multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial, a total of 240 outpatient influenza patients from 7 hospitals, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, from April 2023 to December 2023 were collected.The subjects were randomly divided into the control group and the experimental group via SAS software using the block randomization method.The differences between two groups were compared with t test, corrected t test and χ2 test.Subjects in the control group were given Oseltamivir phosphate granules, orally, twice a day (weight ≤15 kg, 30 mg/time; weight >15-23 kg, 45 mg/time; weight >23-40 kg, 60 mg/time; weight >40 kg, 75 mg/time; age≥13 years, 75 mg/time).In addition to Oseltamivir phosphate granules, subjects in the experimental group were also given Qingxuan Zhike granules, orally, 3 times a day (1-3 years old, 1/2 bag each time; >3-6 years old, 3/4 bag each time; >6-14 years old, 1 bag each time).After 5 days of treatment, the medication was suspended for 2 days.The effect of cough, antipyretic effect, clinical recovery rate, clinical recovery time, Canadian Acute Respiratory Illness and Flu Scale (CARIFS) score, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome effect, complication rate, and adverse reactions were evaluated between the two groups. Results:Finally, 232 cases were included in the study, including 115 cases in the experimental group and 117 cases in the control group.Before and after treatment, there were no significant difference in CARIFS cough score between the experimental group and the control group (all P>0.05).After treatment, the change in CARIFS cough score in the experimental group [(-1.00±0.91) scores]was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.75±0.98) scores] ( t=-1.995, P=0.047).After treatment, the change in TCM syndrome cough score in the experimental group [(-1.69±1.51) scores] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(-0.97±1.63) scores] ( t′=-0.035, P=0.001).The time of complete regression of fever in the experimental group [(44.82±22.72) h] was shorter than that in the control group [(51.35±27.07) h], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-1.966, P=0.050).The fever score showed that the area under the curve between the CARIFS symptom fever score and time in the experimental group was 4.40±2.42, while that in the control group was 5.12±2.44, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.252, P=0.025).The clinical recovery rate was 93.91%(108/115) in the experimental group and 92.31%(108/117) in the control group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2=0.233, P>0.05).The clinical recovery time in the experimental group [(2.93±1.21) d] was shorter than that in the control group [(3.29±1.15) d], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t=-2.279, P=0.024).After treatment, there was a significant difference in TCM syndrome score variation between the experimental group [(-12.00±4.13) scores] and the control group [(-10.85±4.31) scores] ( t′=-2.067, P=0.040).No complication occurred in both groups, and there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups ( χ2=1.299, P>0.05). Conclusions:Qingxuan Zhike granules combined with Oseltamivir phosphate can effectively improve the cough symptoms associated with influenza in children, shorten the time and course of fever, and improve the TCM syndrome score; thus, they are safe in clinical application.