ObjectiveTo explore the mechanisms through which Si Junzitang （SJZD） ameliorates Alzheimer's disease （AD） induced by scopolamine （SCOP） in mice and the PC12 cell model induced by H₂O₂ based on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 （Keap1）/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signaling pathway. MethodsIn the animal experiments， an AD model was established in mice by intraperitoneal injection of SCOP （3 mg·kg^-1）. Morris water maze and open field tests （OFT） were conducted to assess learning and memory abilities. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining were performed to observe pathological changes in neurons. Immunofluorescence was used to detect amyloid β-protein_1-42 （Aβ_1-42） expression， and immunohistochemistry was employed to detect phosphorylated （p）-Tau expression. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） was employed to observe ultrastructural changes in hippocampal neurons and synapses. Biochemical methods were used to measure the levels of acetylcholine （ACh）， acetylcholinesterase （AChE）， superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， catalase （CAT）， and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）. Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to measure the mRNA and protein levels of molecules in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway in the hippocampus. In the cell experiments， a PC12 cell model of oxidative damage model was established with H₂O₂. Cell count kit-8 （CCK-8） assays and flow cytometry were adopted to measure cell viability and apoptosis rates， and Western blot was employed to quantify the expression levels of proteins in the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. ResultsThe animal experiments showed that compared with the model group， the SJZD and donepezil groups showed shortened escape latency （P<0.01）， increased time in the target quadrant and platform crossings， and increased movement distance and duration in the central area of the open field （P<0.05， P<0.01）. HE and Nissl staining showed more organized neurons and increased Nissl bodies in the drug intervention groups （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the Aβ_1-42 and p-Tau expression levels were downregulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. TEM revealed reduced ultrastructural damage in hippocampal neurons and synapses in the drug intervention groups. In addition， the drug intervention groups showed declined levels of MDA， LDH， and AChE （P<0.05， P<0.01）， elevated levels of SOD， CAT， and ACh （P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced Keap1 expression and increased Nrf2， HO-1， and NQO1 expression in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The cell experiments showed that compared with the model group， the SJZD-containing serum increased the cell viability （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and decreased total apoptosis rates （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The drug intervention groups showed upregulated protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and downregulated protein level of Keap1 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionSJZD demonstrates protective effects against SCOP-induced AD in mice and H₂O₂-induced damage in PC12 cells through antioxidant mechanisms mediated by the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

Objective: To investigate the value of decreased carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA19-9) kinetics in predicting short-term outcomes and determining prognosis among advanced biliary or pancreatic cancer patients receiving first-or second-line therapy in the real world. Methods : Eighty-nine patients were retrospectively collected with advanced biliary or pancreatic cancer, especially on the CA19-9 dynamics and decline rates at different time points. This study evaluated the association of CA19-9 changes with clinicopathological features, short-term response to antitumor therapy, and survival outcomes. Results : The enrolled patients recorded baseline CA19-9 levels ranging from 1.20 to 65 706.40 U/ml, with a median of 303.11 U/ml. There was no statistical correlation between baseline CA19-9 levels and gender, age, body mass index, primary tumor site, hepatic metastases, pulmonary metastases, lymph node metastases, peritoneal metastases, performance status, treatment lines, and combinations of drug types. Baseline CA19-9 levels were not associated with systemic immunoinflammatory index, prognostic nutritional index, and total bilirubin. A 25% or 50% decrease in CA19-9 after 2-3 therapy courses indicated short-term efficacy in reaching tumor objective remission or disease control. Both combinations of multiple drug types and a 25% decline in CA19-9 after one course of treatment were independent prognostic factors that affected the longer progression-free survival of patients receiving first or second line of treatment. Conclusion Decreased CA19-9 kinetics has specific values in predicting the efficacy and prognosis of advanced biliary or pancreatic cancer.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Jixiong Jiedu decoction on the efficacy of diabetic kidney disease in mice and its influence on intestinal flora and trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)levels.Methods Twelve 7-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to the model group or Jixiong Jiedu decoction group(6 mice per group),while 6 male db/m mice were designated as the control group.Following 8 weeks of continuous gavage,we monitored the body weight and blood glucose levels of the mice at weeks 0,4,and 8.Additionally,we assessed urinary microalbumin,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),creatinine(Scr),and urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in urine.Renal pathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining.Furthermore,fecal samples underwent 16s RNA sequencing,and the serum TMAO levels were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the blood glucose,body weight,8-hour urinary microalbumin,KIM-1 and Scr in the model group were significantly increased,and the renal pathology showed that glomerular segmental mesangial matrix increased,glomerular volume hypertrophy and renal tubular epithelial cell swelling.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Helicobacter and Oscillospira decreased significantly(P<0.01),the abundance of each bacterial group changed,and the serum TMAO content increased significantly.Compared with the model group,the 8h urinary microalbumin,KIM-1(P<0.01)and Scr(P<0.05)in the Jixiong Jiedu decoction group were significantly decreased,and there was no significant difference in BUN(P>0.05),and the renal pathological damage was significantly improved.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal flora decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospira increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The structure of gut microbiota,the abundance of dominant and non-dominant bacteria were positively adjusted,and the serum TMAO content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jixiong Jiedu decoction effectively ameliorates intestinal flora disorders in db/db mice and regulates serum TMAO levels,thereby exerting a nephroprotective effect.

Objective:To explore the application effects of continuous and intermittent suturing of blood vessels under microscope in the repair of limb vascular injuries.Methods:A total of 110 patients with limb vascular injuries admitted to Kaifeng 155 Hospital from Feb 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the research subjects.According to the different methods of vascular suturing,they were divided into two groups,55 patients who underwent intermittent suturing of blood vessels under microscope were selected as the control group,while 55 patients who underwent continuous suturing of blood vessels under microscope were selected as the observation group.The perioperative indicators(arterial and venous suture time,blood circulation recovery time,hospitalization time,total blood loss),blood electrolyte levels(serum potassium ion,sodium ion,and plasma carbon dioxide binding capacity),and coagulation function indicators[prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT)]before surgery,2 h and 1 d after surgery,and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The perioperative related indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum potassium ion,sodium ion,plasma carbon dioxide binding capacity,PT,APTT and TT in the two groups at 2 h and 1 d after operation were significantly higher than those before operation(P＜0.05).And these indicators in the observation group at 2 h after surgery were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of these indicators between the two groups before surgery and at 1 d after surgery(P＞0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:In the repair of limb vascular injuries,continuous suturing of blood vessels under microscope can effectively shorten the time of vascular suture,reduce blood loss,improve coagulation function and blood electrolyte level,promote postoperative recovery,improve limb motor function,and reduce complications.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a common geriatric ailment,exerts a severe impact on people's lives.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)demonstrates a favorable effect on the intervention of AD,while the mechanism remains in the exploratory phase.Recent studies have indicated that astrocytes play a significant role in AD.The mechanism of TCM in the treatment of AD from the perspective of astrocyte regulation was explored,and the roles of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of AD was summarized,namely maintaining energy metabolism,regulating synaptic plasticity,and mediating inflammatory responses,thereby providing a TCM-based solution with a clear mechanism for clinical and scientific intervention in AD.

Objective To investigate the patterns of herbal formulas used for treating palpitation with Zhengchong in historical literature within the Zhonghua Yidian.Methods The term Zhengchong was used as the search keyword to conduct a full-text search of medical texts included in the Zhonghua Yidian.Formulas primarily indicated for Zhengchong were collected.A total of 392 prescriptions were included,with 303 drugs.Data mining analysis was performed using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform,encompassing frequency,properties,efficacy,herb pairing patterns,core herbs/formulas,and herb cluster analysis.Results The key core formula comprises eight herbs:Renshen,fuling,fushen,suanzaoren,yuanzhi,maidong,danggui,gancao.Thirteen commonly used herb pairs were identified,including renshen,gancao,etc.Through cluster analysis,five primary functional herb groups were delineated:spleen-strengthening and Qi-replenishing group,blood-nourishing and mind-calming group,dampness-drying and phlegm-transforming group,heart-clearing and mind-tranquilizing group,and Qi-replenishing,Yin-nourishing,and blood-tonifying group.Conclusion In the Zhonghua Yidian,the treatment of palpitations focuses on the regulation of heart and spleen,with strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi,nourishing blood and Yin,calming the heart and calming the mind as the core treatment method,and achieving the same treatment of symptoms and root causes through multi-level drug combination.

Objective:To explore the application effects of continuous and intermittent suturing of blood vessels under microscope in the repair of limb vascular injuries.Methods:A total of 110 patients with limb vascular injuries admitted to Kaifeng 155 Hospital from Feb 2023 to May 2024 were selected as the research subjects.According to the different methods of vascular suturing,they were divided into two groups,55 patients who underwent intermittent suturing of blood vessels under microscope were selected as the control group,while 55 patients who underwent continuous suturing of blood vessels under microscope were selected as the observation group.The perioperative indicators(arterial and venous suture time,blood circulation recovery time,hospitalization time,total blood loss),blood electrolyte levels(serum potassium ion,sodium ion,and plasma carbon dioxide binding capacity),and coagulation function indicators[prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT)]before surgery,2 h and 1 d after surgery,and the incidence of complications were compared between the two groups.Results:The perioperative related indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The serum potassium ion,sodium ion,plasma carbon dioxide binding capacity,PT,APTT and TT in the two groups at 2 h and 1 d after operation were significantly higher than those before operation(P＜0.05).And these indicators in the observation group at 2 h after surgery were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of these indicators between the two groups before surgery and at 1 d after surgery(P＞0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:In the repair of limb vascular injuries,continuous suturing of blood vessels under microscope can effectively shorten the time of vascular suture,reduce blood loss,improve coagulation function and blood electrolyte level,promote postoperative recovery,improve limb motor function,and reduce complications.

Objective To evaluate the impact of Jixiong Jiedu decoction on the efficacy of diabetic kidney disease in mice and its influence on intestinal flora and trimethylamine oxide(TMAO)levels.Methods Twelve 7-week-old male db/db mice were randomly assigned to the model group or Jixiong Jiedu decoction group(6 mice per group),while 6 male db/m mice were designated as the control group.Following 8 weeks of continuous gavage,we monitored the body weight and blood glucose levels of the mice at weeks 0,4,and 8.Additionally,we assessed urinary microalbumin,kidney injury molecule-1(KIM-1),creatinine(Scr),and urea nitrogen(BUN)levels in urine.Renal pathology was evaluated using HE and PAS staining.Furthermore,fecal samples underwent 16s RNA sequencing,and the serum TMAO levels were determined.Results Compared with the control group,the blood glucose,body weight,8-hour urinary microalbumin,KIM-1 and Scr in the model group were significantly increased,and the renal pathology showed that glomerular segmental mesangial matrix increased,glomerular volume hypertrophy and renal tubular epithelial cell swelling.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in the model group was significantly increased(P<0.01).The abundance of Lachnospiraceae,Helicobacter and Oscillospira decreased significantly(P<0.01),the abundance of each bacterial group changed,and the serum TMAO content increased significantly.Compared with the model group,the 8h urinary microalbumin,KIM-1(P<0.01)and Scr(P<0.05)in the Jixiong Jiedu decoction group were significantly decreased,and there was no significant difference in BUN(P>0.05),and the renal pathological damage was significantly improved.The abundance of Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus in intestinal flora decreased significantly(P<0.01),while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae and Oscillospira increased significantly(P<0.01,P<0.05).The structure of gut microbiota,the abundance of dominant and non-dominant bacteria were positively adjusted,and the serum TMAO content was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion Jixiong Jiedu decoction effectively ameliorates intestinal flora disorders in db/db mice and regulates serum TMAO levels,thereby exerting a nephroprotective effect.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),a common geriatric ailment,exerts a severe impact on people's lives.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)demonstrates a favorable effect on the intervention of AD,while the mechanism remains in the exploratory phase.Recent studies have indicated that astrocytes play a significant role in AD.The mechanism of TCM in the treatment of AD from the perspective of astrocyte regulation was explored,and the roles of astrocytes in the pathogenesis of AD was summarized,namely maintaining energy metabolism,regulating synaptic plasticity,and mediating inflammatory responses,thereby providing a TCM-based solution with a clear mechanism for clinical and scientific intervention in AD.

Objective To investigate the patterns of herbal formulas used for treating palpitation with Zhengchong in historical literature within the Zhonghua Yidian.Methods The term Zhengchong was used as the search keyword to conduct a full-text search of medical texts included in the Zhonghua Yidian.Formulas primarily indicated for Zhengchong were collected.A total of 392 prescriptions were included,with 303 drugs.Data mining analysis was performed using the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform,encompassing frequency,properties,efficacy,herb pairing patterns,core herbs/formulas,and herb cluster analysis.Results The key core formula comprises eight herbs:Renshen,fuling,fushen,suanzaoren,yuanzhi,maidong,danggui,gancao.Thirteen commonly used herb pairs were identified,including renshen,gancao,etc.Through cluster analysis,five primary functional herb groups were delineated:spleen-strengthening and Qi-replenishing group,blood-nourishing and mind-calming group,dampness-drying and phlegm-transforming group,heart-clearing and mind-tranquilizing group,and Qi-replenishing,Yin-nourishing,and blood-tonifying group.Conclusion In the Zhonghua Yidian,the treatment of palpitations focuses on the regulation of heart and spleen,with strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi,nourishing blood and Yin,calming the heart and calming the mind as the core treatment method,and achieving the same treatment of symptoms and root causes through multi-level drug combination.