Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), characterized by fatty acid overload, secondary chronic inflammation, and fibrosis, has become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. While no effective pharmacotherapy exists for MAFLD, mitigating inflammatory responses represents a promising approach to preventing the progression from steatosis to severe steatohepatitis. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, which detects endogenous danger and stress signals, has emerged as a significant target for inflammatory disease treatment, as transcriptional inactivation of its components demonstrates the therapeutic potential for MAFLD. Natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome activation have shown promising efficacy in MAFLD therapy. This review synthesizes the current understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and therapeutic targets for NLRP3 homeostasis. Additionally, natural products reported to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome for MAFLD improvement are categorized according to their mechanisms of action. The review also addresses limitations and future directions regarding natural products targeting NLRP3 inflammasome in MAFLD treatment. Enhanced understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation mechanisms in MAFLD and the identification of novel natural products supported by mechanistic research will significantly advance MAFLD treatment.
Humans ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology* ; Inflammasomes/metabolism* ; Biological Products/therapeutic use* ; Animals ; Fatty Liver/immunology*

Histone methylation modification,as one of the post-translational modifications,has been increasingly shown by studies to play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).Due to its reversibility,tar-geting related modifying enzymes is expected to provide new strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CVD.This article reviews the relevant methylation modifications and their important regulatory mechanisms in CVD,and discusses the research progress of histone methylation inhibitors in the cardiovascular field.

Objective:To analyze the status of registration of clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals in China, and to provide reference for the development and clinical application of radiopharmaceuticals.Methods:By searching the clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the data on clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals registered from 2014 to 2024 were collected and analyzed for trial design, administered dose, common indications, and geographical distribution.Results:A total of 77 clinical trials were included. The Compound Annual Growth Rate for the number of projects from 2014 to 2024 was 40%. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals were predominantly based on 18F and 99Tc m, while therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals primarily utilized 177Lu and 90Y. All indications were concentrated in the field of oncology. Regarding trial design, non-randomized (71.4%), open-label (89.6%), and single-arm (66.2%) trials accounted for the highest proportions. Geographical distribution showed Beijing (29 trials), Shanghai (18 trials), and Jiangsu province (14 trials) as the regions with the highest concentration of clinical trials. Conclusions:Radiopharmaceutical clinical trials in China have shown rapid growth. However, research remains predominantly focused on oncology, with a relatively high proportion of early-stage trials. In order to fully utilize the potentials of radiopharmaceuticals and improve the quality of clinical trials, nuclear medicine researches should broaden therapeutic applications, implement prudently administerd dose in clinical trials, and implement optimized radiation protection procedures across all clinical trial centers.

Objective To explore the application effect of the multidisciplinary team collaboration model in vascular access management for patients with maintenance hemodialysis.Methods A total of 102 patients with maintenance hemodialysis in the hospital from October 2023 to October 2024 were selected as the research subjects,and they were randomly divided into observation group and control group by the random number table method,with 51 cases in each group.The observation group re-ceived routine nursing combined with the multidisciplinary team collaboration model,while the control group received routine nursing.The multidisciplinary team collaboration model involved professionals from multiple disciplines,including nephrologists,vascular surgeons,interventional radiologists,B-ultrasound doctors,clinical pharmacists,nutritionists,psychological counselors,the head nurse of the blood purification center,and blood purification specialist nurses.The intervention duration was 6 months.The related indicators of dialysis adequacy[urea reduction ratio(URR),equilibrium urea clearance rate(eKt/V)],psychological burden[the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and the Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS)],vascular access satisfaction degree[the Simple Version of Vascular Access Questionnaire(VAQ)],quality of life[the Kidney Disease-Targeted Areas Scale(KDTA)and the 36-item Short-form Health Survey(SF-36)],and complications were compared between the two groups before and after the intervention.Results After the intervention,the levels of URR and eKt/V and the score of each dimension of quality of life in the observation group were signifi-cantly higher than those in the control group,while the SAS and SDS scores were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).After the intervention,the satisfaction rate of vascular access in the observation group was 96.08％(49/51),which was significantly higher than 80.39％(41/51)in the control group(x2=6.044,P=0.014).The total complication rate in the observa-tion group was 1.96％(1/51),which was significantly lower than 13.73％(7/51)in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The adoption of the multidisciplinary team collaboration model for patients with maintenance hemodialysis is beneficial for improving the adequacy of hemodialysis,re-ducing psychological burden,enhancing vascular access satisfaction and quality of life,and preven-ting complications.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a typical progressive neurodegenerative disease,mainly manifesting as severe cognitive dysfunction,and involving memory,thought processes,and emotion.The kynurenine pathway(KP)is one of the main metabolic pathways of tryptophan,which can be divided into neurotoxicity and neuroprotective branches.Increasing evidence has suggested that KP is involved in the pathogenesis of AD.This review considers the role of KP in the pathogenesis of AD,with reference to the relevant literature on KP interventions in AD in the PubMed database.The result will provide an important reference for the use of KP as a target for AD drug development.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a typical progressive neurodegenerative disease,mainly manifesting as severe cognitive dysfunction,and involving memory,thought processes,and emotion.The kynurenine pathway(KP)is one of the main metabolic pathways of tryptophan,which can be divided into neurotoxicity and neuroprotective branches.Increasing evidence has suggested that KP is involved in the pathogenesis of AD.This review considers the role of KP in the pathogenesis of AD,with reference to the relevant literature on KP interventions in AD in the PubMed database.The result will provide an important reference for the use of KP as a target for AD drug development.

Histone methylation modification,as one of the post-translational modifications,has been increasingly shown by studies to play a crucial role in the development of cardiovascular diseases(CVD).Due to its reversibility,tar-geting related modifying enzymes is expected to provide new strategies for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of CVD.This article reviews the relevant methylation modifications and their important regulatory mechanisms in CVD,and discusses the research progress of histone methylation inhibitors in the cardiovascular field.

Objective:To analyze the status of registration of clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals in China, and to provide reference for the development and clinical application of radiopharmaceuticals.Methods:By searching the clinical trial registration and information disclosure platform of the Center for Drug Evaluation of the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), the data on clinical trials of radiopharmaceuticals registered from 2014 to 2024 were collected and analyzed for trial design, administered dose, common indications, and geographical distribution.Results:A total of 77 clinical trials were included. The Compound Annual Growth Rate for the number of projects from 2014 to 2024 was 40%. Diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals were predominantly based on 18F and 99Tc m, while therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals primarily utilized 177Lu and 90Y. All indications were concentrated in the field of oncology. Regarding trial design, non-randomized (71.4%), open-label (89.6%), and single-arm (66.2%) trials accounted for the highest proportions. Geographical distribution showed Beijing (29 trials), Shanghai (18 trials), and Jiangsu province (14 trials) as the regions with the highest concentration of clinical trials. Conclusions:Radiopharmaceutical clinical trials in China have shown rapid growth. However, research remains predominantly focused on oncology, with a relatively high proportion of early-stage trials. In order to fully utilize the potentials of radiopharmaceuticals and improve the quality of clinical trials, nuclear medicine researches should broaden therapeutic applications, implement prudently administerd dose in clinical trials, and implement optimized radiation protection procedures across all clinical trial centers.

Public hospitals stand in need of strengthening cost control and improving operational efficiency to balance public welfare and economic benefits.Taking practice and exploration of ultrasound department as an exam-ple,it integrates the advantages of TDABC with cost management.Take the merits of time driver and activity driver,realizes direct cost accounting under the clinical pathway,strengthen capacity management capabilities un-der the integration of industry and finance,with a view to providing a powerful cost control tool for public hospitals to sensibly respond to pricing reform and reasonably make operational decisions.

Objective: To investigate the effect and mechanism of α-lipoic acid(ALA) on the formation of hypertrophic scar(HTS) in rabbit ears. Methods: Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into normal group, model group and 4%ALA group. After 28 days of treatment, the changes of scar related indexes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, Masson pine(Masson) staining and immunohistochemical staining, the changes of oxidative stress related indexes were evaluated, and the expression of antioxidant pathway related proteins was detected by Western blotting. Results: The color, texture and volume of scar in 4%ALA group were lighter and softer than those in model group. The results of HE, Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining showed that the number of fibrous cells and the degree of fibrosis in the 4%ALA group were less than those in the model group. In the 4%ALA group, the content of malondialdehyde(MDA) was lower than that of the model group(P<0.001), the content of hydroxyproline(Hyp) was lower than that of the model group(P<0.01), the level of glutathione(GSH) was higher than that of the model group(P<0.01), the activity of T-SOD was higher than that of the model group(P<0.001). Western blotting showed that the content of NRF2 and the expression level of downstream antioxidant proteins in the 4%ALA group were higher than those in the model group. Conclusion ALA up-regulates NRF2 signal pathway to reduce the level of oxidative stress in HTS and inhibit scar proliferation in rabbit ears.