Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying different formulations of niclosamide ethanolamine salt with drones against Oncomelania hupensis in ditches. Methods A semi-dry and semi-wet ditch with O. hupensis snails was selected in the second branch field of Jiangbei Farm, Jiangling County, Hubei Province in May 2023, and divided into 4 experimental areas, named groups A1, A2, B1 and B2. Environmental cleaning was performed in groups A1 and B2, and was not conducted in groups A2 or B2. Then, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups A1 and A2, and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule was sprayed with drones at an effective dose of 2 g/m² in groups B1 and B2. O. hupensis snails were surveyed using the systematic sampling method 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after spraying, and the natural mortality and corrected mortality of O. hupensis snails were calculated. Results The occurrence of frames with living snails, mean density of living snails and natural mortality of snails were 97.50% (117/120), 6.30 snails/0.1 m² and 1.18% (9/765) in the test ditch before spraying, respectively. There were significant differences in the mortality of snails among four groups 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days after spraying niclosamide formulations with drones (χ² = 17.230, 51.707, 65.184, 204.050 and 34.435, all P values < 0.01). The overall mortality rates of snails were 94.51% (1 051/1 112), 79.44% (908/1 143), 96.54% (977/1 012) and 88.55% (1 021/1 153) in groups A1, A2, B1 and B2 (χ² = 207.773, P < 0.05), respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference in the overall snail mortality between groups A1 and B1 (P > 0.05), and the snail mortality in groups A1 and B1 were both statistically different from that in groups A2 and B2 (all P values < 0.05). Conclusion Both 50% wettlable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt and 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granule sprayed with drones are active against O. hupensis snails in ditches, and environmental cleaning may improve the molluscicidal effect.

Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against of Oncomelania hupensis snails in snail habitats in marshland areas. Methods From September to October, 2022, marshlands were sampled from Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province as study areas, and assigned into four groups, of approximately 3 000 m² per group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group B, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was conducted, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones at a dose of 40 g/m², and in Group D, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m² without environmental cleaning. Then, the study areas in each group were equally divided into six blocks, with Block 1 for baseline surveys and blocks 2 to 6 for snail surveys 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days following chemical treatment. The mortality of snails and the reduction of the density of living snails were calculated. Results A total of 132 frames were surveyed during the period from September to October 2022, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and means density of living snails were 61.36% (81/132) and 1.58 snails/0.1 m², respectively. The overall mortality rates of snails were 43.02% (77/179), 38.69% (77/199), 47.78% (86/180) and 31.02% (58/187) 14 days following chemical treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (χ² = 11.646, P < 0.05), and there were differences detected in the snail mortality between group A and D, and between groups C and D (both P_adjusted values < 0.05). The adjusted mortality rates of snails were 37.42%, 36.07%, 38.85% and 40.40% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails decreased by 48.10%, 63.29%, 67.09% and 69.62% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, respectively. Conclusions Chemical treatment with drones is feasible for O. hupensis snail control in marshland areas; however, the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is comparable to spraying chemicals manually in marshland areas regardless of environmental cleaning.

The protection effect of flash-radiotherapy(Flash-RT)with super-high dose on normal tissue has obtained wide attention in therapeutic radiology since it was found in 2014 year.The increasing research demand of Flash-RT with super-high dose-rate proposed new challenge for the existing radiotherapy equipment.Based on the demands of FLASH-RT research and clinical application,this review analyzed the proposed new requirement of Flash-RT for equipment,and introduce current scientific facilities with the experimental ability of X-ray FLASH-RT,as well as the situation of the specialized FLASH-RT equipment which were developing.The research of Flash-RT mechanism need the existing equipment with high-energy X-ray source develop toward high power,while the clinical application of Flash-RT demand these transient high-power devices should possess a series of radiotherapy techniques such as multi angle irradiation,conformal radiotherapy and others.Currently,China's X-ray FLASH-RT research is at the forefront of the world,which is expected to achieve the first breakthrough of high-end medical equipment in the X-ray Flash RT field.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer. The systemic antitumor therapy of advanced NSCLC has undergone renovations of chemotherapy, targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which results in greatly improved survival for patients with advanced NSCLC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), has changed the treatment paradigm of NSCLC. ICIs have become the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC without epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) mutation or anaplastic lymphomakinase(ALK) translocation in the first- or second-line setting, and for locally advanced NSCLC following concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ICIs are also promising in adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy. More and more ICIs have been approved domestically for the treatment of NSCLC. Led by the NSCLC expert committee of Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), this consensus was developed and updated based on thoroughly reviewing domestic and foreign literatures, clinical trial data, systematic reviews, experts' discussion and the consensus(2019 version). This consensus will aid domestic clinicians in the treatment of NSCLC with ICIs.
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Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common pathological type of lung cancer, most NSCLC patients are at advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. For patients without sensitive driven-oncogene mutations, chemotherapy is still the main treatment at present, the overall prognosis is poor. Improving outcomes and obtaining long-term survival are the most urgent needs of patients with advanced NSCLC. In recent years, immunotherapy has developed rapidly. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), especially targeting programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), have made a breakthrough in the treatment of NSCLC, beneficial to patients' survival and changed the treatment pattern for NSCLC. It shows more and more important role in the treatment of NSCLC. Led by NSCLC expert committee of Chinese society of clinical oncology (CSCO), relevant experts in this field were organized. On the basis of referring to domestic and foreign literature, systematically evaluating the results of Chinese and foreign clinical trials, and combining the experiences of the experts, the experts group reached an agreement to develop this consensus. It will guide domestic counterparts for better application of ICIs to treat NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the effect of macrophage FRβ expression on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis(PF) in mice.Methods The rats were divided into the normal group,control group and experimental group,6 cases in each group.The mice were performed the PF induction.The experimental group was treated with immunotoxin,the control group was given the contrast protein and the normal group was not treated.The mouse left lung was used for histological analysis,and the right lung was used for hydroxyproline analysi s.The effect of macrophage FRβ expression on bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice and the pulmonary macrophage FRβ expression in the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis(UIP) were detected.Results The macrophage FRβ expression mainly existed in the patients with UIP and pulmonary fibrosis area of PF mice induced by bleomycin;the survival rate was significantly increased by giving the mice immunotoxin with nose(P=0.003),and the level of total hydroxyproline and fibrosis of PF mice induced by bleomycin was decreased(P=0.009,0.014);immunohistochemistry results showed that immunotoxin could reduce the cells number of lung tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,chemotactic CCL2 and CCL12 cells inPF mice induced by bleomycin(P=0.000).Conclusion The FRβ expression of macrophages plays a pathogenic role in IPF,and the targeted therapy of FRβ expression in macrophages may be an effective method for the treatment of IPF.

OBJECTIVETo compare the CT image of gastrointestinal schwannomas (GIS) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST), and to find the CT features to be helpful for differentiation of GIS from GIST.

METHODSClinical and iconography data of 15 GIS patients and 50 GIST patients who underwent stomach CT scan with postoperatively confirmed histopathology between January 2000 and July 2014 in our department were collected retrospectively. CT findings of these two tumors were compared. Then the ROC curve was drawn based on the significant CT findings and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to assess the sensibility and specificity for the differential diagnosis of GIS and GIST.

RESULTCT findings, such as the tumor size, shape, cystic change, perilesional lymph nodes, vessel seeding, enhancement pattern and degree, absolute and standardized CT value were significantly different between GIS and GIST(all P<0.05). Among the CT findings, tumor size, cystic change, perilesional lymph nodes, enhancement pattern and arterial phase standardized CT value (Sa) were better differential than others (all AUC>0.7). Tumor size showed the highest sensibility(90%), and cystic change and Sa showed the highest specificity(87%).

CONCLUSIONSGIS seems to show a homogeneous tumor more frequently, presenting light and moderate enhancement pattern and obvious enhancement of perilesional lymph nodes, while GIST seems to reveal malignant features, such as abundant blood supply, larger volume, frequent necrosis and cystic change. Cystic change and Sa value possess the better differential ability in diagnosis of these two tumors.

Objective To compare the CT image of gastrointestinal schwannomas ﹙GIS) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors ﹙GIST), and to find the CT features to be helpful for differentiation of GIS from GIST. Methods Clinical and iconography data of 15 GIS patients and 50 GIST patients who underwent stomach CT scan with postoperatively confirmed histopathology between January 2000 and July 2014 in our department were collected retrospectively. CT findings of these two tumors were compared. Then the ROC curve was drawn based on the significant CT findings and area under the curve ﹙AUC) was calculated to assess the sensibility and specificity for the differential diagnosis of GIS and GIST. Result CT findings, such as the tumor size, shape, cystic change, perilesional lymph nodes, vessel seeding, enhancement pattern and degree, absolute and standardized CT value were significantly different between GIS and GIST ﹙all P<0.05). Among the CT findings, tumor size, cystic change, perilesional lymph nodes, enhancement pattern and arterial phase standardized CT value ﹙Sa) were better differential than others ﹙all AUC>0.7). Tumor size showed the highest sensibility ﹙90%), and cystic change and Sa showed the highest specificity ﹙87%). Conclusions GIS seems to show a homogeneous tumor more frequently, presenting light and moderate enhancement pattern and obvious enhancement of perilesional lymph nodes, while GIST seems to reveal malignant features, such as abundant blood supply, larger volume, frequent necrosis and cystic change. Cystic change and Sa value possess the better differential ability in diagnosis of these two tumors.

Objective To compare the CT image of gastrointestinal schwannomas ﹙GIS) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors ﹙GIST), and to find the CT features to be helpful for differentiation of GIS from GIST. Methods Clinical and iconography data of 15 GIS patients and 50 GIST patients who underwent stomach CT scan with postoperatively confirmed histopathology between January 2000 and July 2014 in our department were collected retrospectively. CT findings of these two tumors were compared. Then the ROC curve was drawn based on the significant CT findings and area under the curve ﹙AUC) was calculated to assess the sensibility and specificity for the differential diagnosis of GIS and GIST. Result CT findings, such as the tumor size, shape, cystic change, perilesional lymph nodes, vessel seeding, enhancement pattern and degree, absolute and standardized CT value were significantly different between GIS and GIST ﹙all P<0.05). Among the CT findings, tumor size, cystic change, perilesional lymph nodes, enhancement pattern and arterial phase standardized CT value ﹙Sa) were better differential than others ﹙all AUC>0.7). Tumor size showed the highest sensibility ﹙90%), and cystic change and Sa showed the highest specificity ﹙87%). Conclusions GIS seems to show a homogeneous tumor more frequently, presenting light and moderate enhancement pattern and obvious enhancement of perilesional lymph nodes, while GIST seems to reveal malignant features, such as abundant blood supply, larger volume, frequent necrosis and cystic change. Cystic change and Sa value possess the better differential ability in diagnosis of these two tumors.

Objective To investigate the effect of using root cause analysis(RCA)on the improvement of disinfection and isolation.Methods A RCA group was established to find out the problems in disinfection and isolation.Then the related personnel were organized to study relevant knowledge,quality control was performed and disinfection management system was strictly executed. The managements of ultraviolet lamp,hand hygiene,use of disinfectants as well as the biological tests on air and hand were all compared between pre-and post-implementation of RCA.Results After implementing RCA,the use of ultraviolet lamp disinfection and hand hygiene were both improved than before implication(P < 0.05).But use of disinfectant for disinfection before the RCA implementation was not significantly better than that after the implementation(P>0.05).Conclusion The implementation of RCA may notably improve the quality of disinfection and isolation.