Background With China's socioeconomic development, significant lifestyle changes have occurred among occupational groups, leading to alterations in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors. However, few studies have examined the secular trends of these risk factors in China's working population. Objective To analyze the trends in cardiovascular metabolic risk factors among the occupational population in nine provinces of China from 2009 to 2018, and to explore the associations between different occupational types and these risk factors, along with their clustering patterns, thereby providing evidence for targeted interventions. Methods This study utilized data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2009, 2015, and 2018. The dataset covered 13274 employed individuals aged 18-59 years. Only participants with complete blood test results and physical measurement data were included in the final analysis. The average annual percentage change (AAPC) in the positive rates of risk factors was calculated using Joinpoint regression to analyze temporal trends. Multinomial logistic regression and binary logistic regression models were employed to examine the cross-sectional associations between occupational types (categorized as white-collar workers, agricultural workers, blue-collar workers, service workers, and others) and nine cardiovascular metabolic risk factors and their clustering (defined as having ≥2 risk factors) in 2018. Results A total of 8451 participants were included. From 2009 to 2018, significant increasing trends (AAPC>0, P<0.05) were observed for overweight, obesity, central obesity, borderline elevated triglycerides (TG), borderline elevated to elevated total cholesterol (TC), borderline elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes. The most rapid increases were found for obesity (AAPC=6.07%, 95%CI: 3.42%, 8.88%), hypertension (AAPC=4.10%, 95%CI: 0.62%, 7.77%), and central obesity (AAPC=3.27%, 95%CI: 1.24%, 5.36%). The clustering rate of risk factors increased from 62.3% in 2009 to 73.2% in 2018 (AAPC=1.87%, 95%CI: 1.02%, 2.73%). The cross-sectional analysis in 2018, after adjusting for confounders, showed that compared with white-collar workers, blue-collar workers had a significantly lower risk of overweight (OR=0.67, 95%CI: 0.48, 0.95), central obesity (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.45, 0.92), and borderline high TG (OR=0.54, 95%CI: 0.35, 0.82). In contrast, agricultural workers had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.76, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.72). Conclusion Between 2009 and 2015, the burden of most cardiometabolic risk factors increases significantly among the Chinese occupational population, with the rate of increase slowing by 2018. Risks vary across occupational types, among which blue- collar workers report lower target outcomes. Targeted interventions focusing on the rapidly increasing risk factors and high-risk occupational groups are recommended.

BACKGROUND:Promoting skin wound healing is a huge challenge facing global public health.To promote faster and higher-quality wound healing,it is necessary to explore more advantageous dressings to address this problem.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the hemostatic properties of acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and its effect on skin wound healing.METHODS:(1)Acellular dermal matrix hydrogel was prepared,and the differences in microscopic morphology and main components between it and acellular dermal matrix were analyzed.(2)Acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel were used to cover the femoral artery puncture site of rats,and the bleeding quality and coagulation time were recorded.Acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel were mixed with rat anticoagulated blood,and the coagulation index within 30 minutes was detected.(3)A full-thickness skin defect model with a diameter of 12 mm was made on the back of 18 SD rats,and they were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 rats in each group:the model group used PBS to clean the wound,and the control group and the experimental group used chitosan hydrogel and acellular dermal matrix hydrogel to cover the wound,respectively.The hydrogel dressing was changed every day,and the treatment was continued for 14 days,and the wound healing was observed.On day 3 after modeling,immunofluorescence staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase(M1 macrophages)and CD206(M2 macrophages)was performed on the wound surface.On day 14 after modeling,hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed on the wound surface.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the acellular dermal matrix hydrogel had a porous structure,and the Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that it had the same main components as the acellular dermal matrix.(2)Both acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel had obvious hemostatic ability in vivo.In the in vitro coagulation experiments,the coagulation index of acellular dermal matrix hydrogel was significantly higher than that of chitosan hydrogel.(3)In the rat skin full-thickness defect model,both acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel could improve the wound healing rate.Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining results showed that acellular dermal matrix hydrogel could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the center of the wound.Both acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel could decrease scar width and increase collagen deposition rate.CD31 immunohistochemical staining results showed that both hydrogels could promote angiogenesis in the wound site.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that both hydrogels could reduce the proportion of M1 macrophages and increase the proportion of M2 macrophages,and the effect of acellular dermal matrix hydrogel was stronger than that of chitosan hydrogel.(4)The results show that the acellular dermal matrix hydrogel has good hemostatic properties and the ability to promote wound healing.

BACKGROUND:Promoting skin wound healing is a huge challenge facing global public health.To promote faster and higher-quality wound healing,it is necessary to explore more advantageous dressings to address this problem.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the hemostatic properties of acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and its effect on skin wound healing.METHODS:(1)Acellular dermal matrix hydrogel was prepared,and the differences in microscopic morphology and main components between it and acellular dermal matrix were analyzed.(2)Acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel were used to cover the femoral artery puncture site of rats,and the bleeding quality and coagulation time were recorded.Acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel were mixed with rat anticoagulated blood,and the coagulation index within 30 minutes was detected.(3)A full-thickness skin defect model with a diameter of 12 mm was made on the back of 18 SD rats,and they were randomly divided into 3 groups,with 6 rats in each group:the model group used PBS to clean the wound,and the control group and the experimental group used chitosan hydrogel and acellular dermal matrix hydrogel to cover the wound,respectively.The hydrogel dressing was changed every day,and the treatment was continued for 14 days,and the wound healing was observed.On day 3 after modeling,immunofluorescence staining of inducible nitric oxide synthase(M1 macrophages)and CD206(M2 macrophages)was performed on the wound surface.On day 14 after modeling,hematoxylin-eosin staining,Masson staining,and CD31 immunohistochemical staining were performed on the wound surface.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the acellular dermal matrix hydrogel had a porous structure,and the Fourier transform infrared spectrum showed that it had the same main components as the acellular dermal matrix.(2)Both acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel had obvious hemostatic ability in vivo.In the in vitro coagulation experiments,the coagulation index of acellular dermal matrix hydrogel was significantly higher than that of chitosan hydrogel.(3)In the rat skin full-thickness defect model,both acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel could improve the wound healing rate.Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining results showed that acellular dermal matrix hydrogel could reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the center of the wound.Both acellular dermal matrix hydrogel and chitosan hydrogel could decrease scar width and increase collagen deposition rate.CD31 immunohistochemical staining results showed that both hydrogels could promote angiogenesis in the wound site.Immunofluorescence staining results showed that both hydrogels could reduce the proportion of M1 macrophages and increase the proportion of M2 macrophages,and the effect of acellular dermal matrix hydrogel was stronger than that of chitosan hydrogel.(4)The results show that the acellular dermal matrix hydrogel has good hemostatic properties and the ability to promote wound healing.

Synthetic CT (sCT) generated from CBCT has proven effective in artifact reduction and CT number correction, facilitating precise radiation dose calculation. However, the quality of different regions in sCT images is severely imbalanced, with soft tissue region exhibiting notably inferior quality compared to others. To address this imbalance, we proposed a Multi-Task Attention Network (MuTA-Net) based on VGG-16, specifically focusing the enhancement of image quality in soft tissue region of sCT. First, we introduced a multi-task learning strategy that divides the sCT generation task into three sub-tasks: global image generation, soft tissue region generation and bone region segmentation. This approach ensured the quality of overall sCT image while enhancing the network's focus on feature extraction and generation for soft tissues region. The result of bone region segmentation task guided the fusion of sub-tasks results. Then, we designed an attention module to further optimize feature extraction capabilities of the network. Finally, by employing a results fusion module, the results of three sub-tasks were integrated, generating a high-quality sCT image. Experimental results on head and neck CBCT demonstrated that the sCT images generated by the proposed MuTA-Net exhibited a 12.52% reduction in mean absolute error in soft tissue region, compared to the best performance among the three comparative methods, including ResNet, U-Net, and U-Net++. It can be seen that MuTA-Net is suitable for high-quality sCT image generation and has potential application value in the field of CBCT guided adaptive radiation therapy.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography/methods* ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods* ; Artifacts ; Algorithms ; Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging* ; Neural Networks, Computer

In recent years, hybrid brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have gained significant attention due to their demonstrated advantages in increasing the number of targets and enhancing robustness of the systems. However, Existing studies usually construct BCI systems using intense auditory stimulation and strong central visual stimulation, which lead to poor user experience and indicate a need for improving system comfort. Studies have proved that the use of peripheral visual stimulation and lower intensity of auditory stimulation can effectively boost the user's comfort. Therefore, this study used high-frequency peripheral visual stimulation and 40-dB weak auditory stimulation to elicit steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and auditory steady-state response (ASSR) signals, building a high-comfort hybrid BCI based on weak audio-visual evoked responses. This system coded 40 targets via 20 high-frequency visual stimulation frequencies and two auditory stimulation frequencies, improving the coding efficiency of BCI systems. Results showed that the hybrid system's averaged classification accuracy was (78.00 ± 12.18) %, and the information transfer rate (ITR) could reached 27.47 bits/min. This study offers new ideas for the design of hybrid BCI paradigm based on imperceptible stimulation.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Humans ; Evoked Potentials, Visual/physiology* ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Photic Stimulation ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory/physiology* ; Adult

Objective:A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to sunburn.Methods:Data were downloaded from the Gene-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of the IEU Open GWAS project, and a two-sample bidirectional MR was conducted. In the forward MR analysis, the exposure factors were skin color, ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and education attainment, while the outcome factor was sunburn. In the reverse MR analysis, the exposure factor was sunburn, while the outcome factors were skin color, ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and education attainment. The data were analyzed using the "TwoSampleMR" package in R version 4.2.3. The result of the MR analysis were interpreted using the odds ratio ( OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the analysis, we set a significance threshold of P-value<5×10 -8 (if sufficient instrumental variables cannot be obtained, the threshold will be adjusted to P-value<5×10 -6), eliminated linkage disequilibrium (with R2<0.001 and within a regional range of 10 000 kb), and screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly related to the research content, which would be set in the analysis as instrumental variables (IVs). For eligible IVs, a MR was conducted using the MR Egger, Weighted median, Inverse variance weighted (IVW), Simple mode, and Weighted mode method to explore the causal relationships between sunburn and various factors. The result obtained by the IVW method were taken as the main outcome indicator and summarized into a forest plot, while other method were used to supplement the IVW result. The heterogeneity of the IVs was evaluated by the Cochran Q-test. The direction of the causal effect and heterogeneity were evaluated through the scatter plot. The sensitivity of the result was analyzed by the leave-one-out test. The funnel plot was used to assess the potential bias. Results:9 851 867 SNPs related to skin color, 9 851 867 SNPs related to ease of skin tanning, 11 972 414 SNPs related to skin pigmentation, 9 851 867 SNPs related to facial aging, 16 121 213 SNPs related to atopic dermatitis, 24 191 078 SNPs related to contact dermatitis, 24 187 496 SNPs related to urticaria, 11 972 619 SNPs related to education attainment were obtained from the GWAS database. A total of 11 976 212 SNPs were obtained from the sunburn dataset. In the forward MR analysis, the IVW result showed a significant negative correlation between skin color and sunburn ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.66-0.70, P<0.001); and a significant positive correlation between the ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, education attainment, and sunburn (ease of skin tanning: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.29-1.32, P<0.001; skin pigmentation: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.66-1.87, P<0.001; facial aging: OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.67-3.04, P<0.001; atopic dermatitis: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.010; contact dermatitis: OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.031; education attainment: OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.22-1.36, P<0.001); while urticaria was not statistically significant ( P=0.056). The Cochran Q-test and scatter plot showed that there was a significant negative correlation between skin color and sunburn and a positive correlations between the ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, education attainment and sunburn. There was some heterogeneity among the IVs in research. The result of the leave-one-out test showed that no SNPs had a distinct impact on the causal effect, and the result of the forward MR analysis were relatively stable. The result of the funnel plot showed that the included SNPs were symmetrically distributed, and there was no potential bias in the result. In the reverse MR analysis, the IVW result showed a significant negative correlation between sunburn and skin color ( OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.12-0.21, P<0.001); and a significant positive correlation between sunburn and ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging (ease of skin tanning: OR=26.78, 95% CI: 20.52-34.93, P<0.001; skin pigmentation: OR=3.12, 95% CI: 2.57-3.78, P<0.001; facial aging: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.24-1.37, P<0.001); while atopic dermatitis ( P=0.477), contact dermatitis ( P=0.318), urticaria ( P=0.328) and education attainment ( P=0.627) as outcome factors were not statistically significant. The Cochran Q-test and scatter plot showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sunburn and skin color and a positive correlations between sunburn and ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging. There was some heterogeneity among the IVs in research. The result of the leave-one-out test showed that no SNPs had a distinct impact on the causal effect, and the result of the reverse MR analysis were relatively stable. The result of the funnel plot showed that the included SNPs were symmetrically distributed, and there was no potential bias in the result . Conclusions:Skin color and sunburn are protective factors against each other; ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, and facial aging are bidirectional risk factors of sunburn; atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and education attainment are risk factors of sunburn.

Objective:To analyze the gallbladder morphology in ultrasound examinations of children with biliary atresia, classify them accordingly, and compare the gallbladder size of different types of patients and healthy infants.Methods:Clinical data of 711 cases with biliary atresia treated at the Department of General Surgery at the Capital Center for Children's Health, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to July 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 407 males and 304 females, aged (46.5±26.9) days. Additionally, 106 healthy infants recruited from the same hospital between January 2024 and March 2024 were included in the control group, including 60 males and 46 females, aged (48.5±23.9) days. The gallbladder morphology was classified into four types (A, B, C and D) based on its size and shape on ultrasonography. The long diameter of the gallbladder gradually increased, with its shape gradually approaching normal. The proportions of gender, time of jaundice onset (calculated from birth), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT), gallbladder contraction rate, hepatic portal cyst, and cholangiography were compared among different types. The gallbladder length and width of type D were also compared with those of the healthy control group.Resluts:Among the 711 patients, 123(17.3%) were of type A, 330 (46.4%) were of type B, 112 (15.8%) were of type C, and 146 (20.5%) were of type D. There were no statistically significant differences in the male ratio, the timing of jaundice onset, total bilirubin levels, direct bilirubin levels, or γ-GT levels among the four types of patients (all P>0.05). However, the incidences of combined hepatic portal cysts in type C and D were higher than those in type A and B (all P<0.01). Notably, 68.5% (100/146) of type D patients had a gallbladder contraction rate of ≤25%, lower than the 91.8% (303/330) of type B and 95.5% (107/112) of type C ( χ2=42.41, 29.22, both P<0.001). The success rates of cholangiography for type C and D patients were 75.0% (84/112) and 76.7% (112/146), respectively, both higher than the 11.4% (14/123) for type A and 45.2% (149/330) for type B (all P<0.001). In the healthy control group, the length and width of gallbladder were larger than those in type D patients ( t=10.64, 11.62, both P<0.001). Conclusion:The ultrasonic gallbladder morphology in biliary atresia patients is diverse, and there are no significant clinical differences among the four types. However, there are differences in gallbladder contraction rates and the success rates of gallbladder imaging. The gallbladder length and width of type D patients, with a nearly normal gallbladder morphology, are smaller than those of healthy infants at the same age.

Objective:To observe the effects of moxibustion at Shenshu(BL23)and Zusanli(ST36)on Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)-myeloid differentiation factor 88(Myd88)signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory factors in the synovial tissue of ankle joints of rats with rheumatoid arthritis(RA),and to explore the molecular and biological mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.Methods:A total of 24 male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group,and a moxibustion group,with 8 rats in each group.The RA model was established with exposure to wind,cold,and damp environmental factors,along with Freund's complete adjuvant.After three days of modeling,mild moxibustion was applied to bilateral Shenshu(BL23)and Zusanli(ST36)in the moxibustion group using moxa sticks of 0.9 cm in diameter for 30 min each time,once a day for 14 d.Structural changes in the synovial tissue and cells were then observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy,while immunohistochemistry analysis was used to detect tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,interleukin(IL)-17,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels.Moreover,the protein expression levels of Myd88,TLR4,and transient potential receptor vanilloid type 1(TRPV1)in the synovial tissue were detected using Western blotting,while their mRNA expression levels were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.Finally,the levels of IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α in rat serum were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:Compared to the normal group,the model group exhibited notable pathological synovial tissue damage,along with significantly higher IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels(P<0.01)and a slightly higher IL-17 content(P>0.05).Furthermore,the Myd88,TLR4,and TRPV1 protein and mRNA expression levels and serum IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α levels were all significantly higher in the model group than in the normal group(P<0.01).Compared to the model group,the moxibustion group exhibited a lower degree of synovial tissue pathological damage,along with significantly lower IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α levels(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and a lower IL-17 content without statistical significance(P>0.05).Moreover,the Myd88,TLR4,and TRPV1 protein and mRNA expression levels,and serum IL-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-17A,and TNF-α levels were all significantly lower in the moxibustion group than in the model group(P<0.01 or P<0.05).Conclusion:Mild moxibustion at Shenshu(BL23)and Zusanli(ST36)can effectively inhibit TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway-mediated inflammatory factor expression in the synovial tissue of ankle joints of RA rats.Furthermore,the effect of moxibustion on synovial tissue inflammation in RA rats may be attributed to TRPV1 channel activation.

Objective To investigate the effects of exosome(Exo)secreted by cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)cells under hypoxic conditions on the proliferation,migration,invasion,and Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway of CCA cells.Methods Exo secreted by CCA cells was extracted and identified.Exo under normoxic and hypoxic conditions were co-cultured with CCA cells and divided into normal oxygen group,hypoxic group,hypoxic+inhibitor group,and blank group.The proliferation,migration,and invasion abilities of CCA cells were tested separately.Immunoblotting was applied to detect the expression levels of relevant proteins.Results Exo carrying fluorescent dye 3,3'-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate was detected in CCA cytoplasm.Compared with blank group,the number of clone formation,cell migration and invasion cells in normoxic group increased,the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),matrix metallopeptidase(MMP)-2,MMP-9,neural cadherin(N-Cadherin),Vimentin,phosphorylated JAK2(p-JAK2)/JAK2,phosphorylated STAT3(p-STAT3)/STAT3 increased,and the expression of epithelial cadherin(E-Cadherin)decreased(P＜0.05);Compared with normal oxygen group,the number of clone formation,cell migration and invasion cells in hypoxia group increased,the expression of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,N-Cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 increased,and the expression of E-Cadherin decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with hypoxia group,the number of clone formation,cell migration and invasion cells in hypoxia+inhibitor group decreased,the expression of PCNA,MMP-2,MMP-9,N-Cadherin,Vimentin,p-JAK2/JAK2 and p-STAT3/STAT3 decreased,and the expression of E-Cadherin increased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Exo secreted by CCA cells under hypoxic conditions promote proliferation,migration,invasion,and epithelial mesenchymal transition of CCA cell by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

Objective:To examine the prevalence of malnutrition and evaluate the impact of nutritional support on clinical outcomes in elderly patients diagnosed with gastric and colorectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted, analyzing elderly patients with gastrointestinal tumors who underwent surgical treatment in the general surgery department from January 2019 to June 2020.The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)criteria were utilized to diagnose malnutrition, and the effects of malnutrition and nutritional support on clinical prognosis were investigated.Results:A total of 426 elderly hospitalized patients with gastric and colorectal tumors who underwent surgical treatment were included in this study.This cohort comprised 199 cases of gastric cancer and 227 cases of colorectal cancer, with ages ranging from 65 to 91 years(mean age: 72.05±5.99).According to the GLIM criteria, 43.7%(186/426)of the patients were diagnosed with malnutrition, of which 25.6%(109/426)were moderately malnourished and 18.1%(77/426)were severely malnourished.Among the gastric cancer patients, 73.4%(146/199)were identified as having nutritional risk, with 48.7%(97/199)being malnourished and 22.6%(45/199)experiencing severe malnutrition.In the colorectal cancer group, 63.9%(145/227)were at nutritional risk, 39.2%(89/227)were malnourished, and 14.1%(32/227)had severe malnutrition.Additionally, 60.3%(257/426)of the patients received nutritional support therapy: 25.4%(108/426)received parenteral nutrition(PN), 11.3%(48/426)received enteral nutrition(EN), 23.7%(101/426)received a combination of EN and PN, while 39.7%(169/426)did not receive any nutritional support.Regardless of the presence or degree of malnutrition, patients who received nutritional support had significantly shorter total hospital stays compared to those who did not receive nutritional support, and this difference was statistically significant( t=5.58, 3.69, 2.21, 3.03, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Providing nutritional support to malnourished patients can reduce the length of hospital stay and improve clinical outcomes.