Background Diesel engines are widely used in transportation, agriculture, construction, industry, and other fields. Diesel exhaust, classified as a Group 1 carcinogen, emits particles (DEP) that can penetrate deep into the respiratory tract, posing significant health risks. DEP pollution is particularly severe in confined environments, necessitating effective control measures. Objective Under laboratory simulation conditions, to explore the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the mass and number concentrations of DEP as it diffuses indoors and to reveal the effects of ventilation and additional airflow on indoor DEP pollution levels. Methods A diesel engine was placed in a laboratory (length 3.39 m × width 2.85 m × height 2.4 m) with its exhaust emitted from east to west. An air purifier was installed 1 m south of the engine. Eight measurement points (1 m horizontal distance from the exhaust outlet, height: 1 m/1.5 m) were setup to monitor DEP concentrations using portable laser particle sizers. The effects of engine power (4.05 kW vs. 5.15 kW), ventilation (maximum airflow: 600 m³·h⁻¹), additional airflow intensity (low and high), and direction (forward/reverse) on DEP pollution were analyzed. DEP levels of 5 diesel vehicle models were also compared. Results The mass and number concentrations of DEP indoors increased immediately after the diesel engine started. The peak mass concentration time at the eastern measurement point (−1, 0) m opposite to the exhaust direction (17.70 min) was significantly longer than that at the western (1, 0) m (16.20 min), southern (0, -1) m (14.45 min), and northern (0, 1) m (12.70 min) points (P<0.05), with no significant differences between the other points (western, southern, and northern) (P>0.05). The northern point (0, 1) m exhibited the highest DEP mass and number concentration peaks (174.62 μg·m⁻³, 1319.85 p·cm⁻³), significantly exceeding those at the southern (0, −1) m (129.89 μg·m⁻³, 1175.24 p·cm⁻³), eastern (−1, 0) m (140.12 μg·m⁻³, 1120.53 p·cm⁻³), and western (1, 0) m (147.60 μg·m⁻³, 818.62 p·cm⁻³) points (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed among other points (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in peak DEP mass and number concentrations by measurement heights (P>0.05). Diesel engine power, ventilation, airflow intensity, and airflow direction had no significant effect on the time of peak DEP concentration (P>0.05). However, higher engine power (5.15 kW) produced greater DEP peaks [(186.66±19.29) μg·m⁻³, (1382.79±122.56) p·cm⁻³] than the 4.05 kW engine power [(168.41±12.65) μg·m⁻³, (1284.45±71.30) p·cm⁻³] (P<0.05). The peak mass concentration [(342.04±35.03) μg·m⁻³] and number concentration [(1886.87±57.91) p·cm⁻³] of DEP in the non-ventilated group were significantly higher than those in the ventilated group [(186.66±19.29) μg·m⁻³, (1382.79±122.56) p·cm⁻³] (P<0.001). Forward airflow elevated DEP mass concentrations compared to reverse airflow (287.71 μg·m⁻³ vs. 243.74 μg·m⁻³, t=−2.592, P=0.009), but no effects on DEP number concentration (P>0.05). Significant differences in mass concentration were observed among selected 5 vehicle models (Z=38.109, P<0.001). Conclusion The operation of diesel engines will emit a large amount of particulate matter, causing pollution in enclosed spaces. Diesel engines with greater power have higher levels of DEP pollution emissions. Based on the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, it is recommended to set the operation position in the reverse direction of exhaust emissions and close to air purifiers, while avoiding the use of additional air flow equipment.

Objective:To investigate the function and mechanism of exosome Linc00665 in modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to promote radiotherapy resistance in OSCC.Methods:HOEC,SCC9 and SCC9-RR exosomes were extracted and identified,and the expression of Linc00665 was detected by qRT-PCR in cell lines and exosomes.The expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in each treatment group was detected by ELISA(PBS,SCC9 exo,SCC9-RR exo).The killing ability of CD8+T cells against SCC9 cells in each treatment group was detected by CCK-8 assay.The targets of Linc00665 were further bioinformatically ana-lyzed and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Linc00665,miR-28-5p and PD-1 in CD8+T cells was exogenous-ly regulated,the expression of immunoreactive factors in the supernatants of each treatment group was detected by ELISA(NC,sh-Linc00665,miR-28-5p inhibitor,sh-PD-1),and the killing ability of cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 method.Results:The concentrations of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in the supernatants of cell culture in the SCC9-RR exo/CD8+T group were significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS/CD8+T group and the SCC9 exo/CD8+T group(P＜0.05),and the kill-ing ability of the cells in the SCC9-RR exo group was significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS group and the SCC9 exo group(P＜0.05),suggesting that SCC9-RR exo could inhibit the tumor killing ability of CD8+T cells.qRT-PCR results suggested that Linc00665 was highly expressed in the SCC9-RR cell line as well as exosome(P＜0.05).It was further verified by bioinformat-ics analysis that Linc00665 could regulate PD-1 expression via miR-28-5p,thereby modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to pro-mote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.Conclusion:Exosome Linc00665 regulates CD8+T cell immunoreactivity through miR-28-5p/PD-1 axis to promote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.

Objective:To study the influence of methyltransferases like 3(METTL3)on the radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells(OSCCs).Methods:The apoptosis level of OSCCs CAL27,SCC9 and SCC15 treated with X-ray radiation doses of 2,4 and 8 Gy respectively was compared by flow cytometry,the expression of methylated gene RNA and protein in the cells were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot.m6A in the cells was quantified by LC/LC-MS method.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of methylated gene RNA and protein in the cells.Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell apoptosis level of CAL27 and SCC15 cells treated with METTL3 overexpression and knockdown respectively.The clone forma-tion of CAL27 and SCC15 cells after knockdown and overexpression of target genes followed by radiation treatment was observed by clonogenic assays.Results:The apoptosis rate of all the cell lines increased with the increase dose of radiation at each dose,CAL27 cells showed the highest and SCC15 showed the lowerst apoptosis rate.The RNA and protein expression levels of METTL3 in CAL27 were significantly lower than those of SCC15.m6A quantification showed that the methylation modification in CAL27 cells was lower than that in SCC15.The expression of METTL3 was increased in CAL27 and SCC15 cells after radiation treatment.Knockdown of METTL3 increaced the apoptosis rate and decreased the clonogenesity,overession of METTL3 the decreaced the ap optosis rate and increased the clonogenecity of the cells.Conclusion:Regulation of METTL3 can affect the radiotherapy sensitivity of OSCCs,METTL3 may become a new target for radiosensitization of OSCCs.

Objective:To construct a biosafety evaluation index system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions.Methods:Based on previous laboratory biosafety evaluation work, relevant regulations and standards on biosafety in China were collected through literature research and expert consultations. Candidate indicators for constructing the biosafety evaluation system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions were selected, and a framework was established. Two rounds of expert questionnaires were conducted to determine the content of the index system based on experts′ evaluation, and each indicator′s relevance and importance were scored. Finally, two rounds of Delphi consultations were carried out, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to calculate the weights of indicators.Results:The response rates for the total four rounds of questionnaire surveys were all 100%. The first two rounds focused on determining the framework, while the latter two focused on determining the weights for each indicator. The authority coefficients of the expert consultations for the two rounds of weights were 0.65 and 0.70, respectively, indicating the reliability of the research results. In the final round of survey, the Kendall′s coefficients of concordance at each level were all greater than 0.1. Through statistical testing, the P-values were all less than 0.05, indicating good coordination of expert opinions. Ultimately, we established an operational biosafety evaluation system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions, consisting of 4 primary indicators, 26 secondary indicators, and 119 tertiary indicators, with additional deduction items, bonus items, unacceptable items, and monitoring indicators.Conclusions:Based on scientific theory, a biosafety evaluation system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions was constructed, achieving the integration of routine and emergency measures. This system can be used for self-assessment of laboratory biosafety during emergency public health events, addressing the lack of unified standards in biosafety evaluation. Through regular self-assessment, it can enhance the level of biosafety management in medical institution laboratories, to realize the value of application and dissemination.

Objective:To investigate the function and mechanism of exosome Linc00665 in modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to promote radiotherapy resistance in OSCC.Methods:HOEC,SCC9 and SCC9-RR exosomes were extracted and identified,and the expression of Linc00665 was detected by qRT-PCR in cell lines and exosomes.The expression of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in each treatment group was detected by ELISA(PBS,SCC9 exo,SCC9-RR exo).The killing ability of CD8+T cells against SCC9 cells in each treatment group was detected by CCK-8 assay.The targets of Linc00665 were further bioinformatically ana-lyzed and verified by qRT-PCR and Western blot.The expression of Linc00665,miR-28-5p and PD-1 in CD8+T cells was exogenous-ly regulated,the expression of immunoreactive factors in the supernatants of each treatment group was detected by ELISA(NC,sh-Linc00665,miR-28-5p inhibitor,sh-PD-1),and the killing ability of cells in each group was detected by CCK-8 method.Results:The concentrations of TNF-α,IFN-γ,perforin and granzyme B in the supernatants of cell culture in the SCC9-RR exo/CD8+T group were significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS/CD8+T group and the SCC9 exo/CD8+T group(P＜0.05),and the kill-ing ability of the cells in the SCC9-RR exo group was significantly decreased compared with those in the PBS group and the SCC9 exo group(P＜0.05),suggesting that SCC9-RR exo could inhibit the tumor killing ability of CD8+T cells.qRT-PCR results suggested that Linc00665 was highly expressed in the SCC9-RR cell line as well as exosome(P＜0.05).It was further verified by bioinformat-ics analysis that Linc00665 could regulate PD-1 expression via miR-28-5p,thereby modulating CD8+T cell immunoreactivity to pro-mote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.Conclusion:Exosome Linc00665 regulates CD8+T cell immunoreactivity through miR-28-5p/PD-1 axis to promote OSCC radiotherapy resistance.

Objective:To study the influence of methyltransferases like 3(METTL3)on the radiosensitivity of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells(OSCCs).Methods:The apoptosis level of OSCCs CAL27,SCC9 and SCC15 treated with X-ray radiation doses of 2,4 and 8 Gy respectively was compared by flow cytometry,the expression of methylated gene RNA and protein in the cells were examined by qRT-PCR and Western blot.m6A in the cells was quantified by LC/LC-MS method.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the expression of methylated gene RNA and protein in the cells.Flow cytometry was used to examine the cell apoptosis level of CAL27 and SCC15 cells treated with METTL3 overexpression and knockdown respectively.The clone forma-tion of CAL27 and SCC15 cells after knockdown and overexpression of target genes followed by radiation treatment was observed by clonogenic assays.Results:The apoptosis rate of all the cell lines increased with the increase dose of radiation at each dose,CAL27 cells showed the highest and SCC15 showed the lowerst apoptosis rate.The RNA and protein expression levels of METTL3 in CAL27 were significantly lower than those of SCC15.m6A quantification showed that the methylation modification in CAL27 cells was lower than that in SCC15.The expression of METTL3 was increased in CAL27 and SCC15 cells after radiation treatment.Knockdown of METTL3 increaced the apoptosis rate and decreased the clonogenesity,overession of METTL3 the decreaced the ap optosis rate and increased the clonogenecity of the cells.Conclusion:Regulation of METTL3 can affect the radiotherapy sensitivity of OSCCs,METTL3 may become a new target for radiosensitization of OSCCs.

Objective:To construct a biosafety evaluation index system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions.Methods:Based on previous laboratory biosafety evaluation work, relevant regulations and standards on biosafety in China were collected through literature research and expert consultations. Candidate indicators for constructing the biosafety evaluation system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions were selected, and a framework was established. Two rounds of expert questionnaires were conducted to determine the content of the index system based on experts′ evaluation, and each indicator′s relevance and importance were scored. Finally, two rounds of Delphi consultations were carried out, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied to calculate the weights of indicators.Results:The response rates for the total four rounds of questionnaire surveys were all 100%. The first two rounds focused on determining the framework, while the latter two focused on determining the weights for each indicator. The authority coefficients of the expert consultations for the two rounds of weights were 0.65 and 0.70, respectively, indicating the reliability of the research results. In the final round of survey, the Kendall′s coefficients of concordance at each level were all greater than 0.1. Through statistical testing, the P-values were all less than 0.05, indicating good coordination of expert opinions. Ultimately, we established an operational biosafety evaluation system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions, consisting of 4 primary indicators, 26 secondary indicators, and 119 tertiary indicators, with additional deduction items, bonus items, unacceptable items, and monitoring indicators.Conclusions:Based on scientific theory, a biosafety evaluation system for major emergency public health events in medical institutions was constructed, achieving the integration of routine and emergency measures. This system can be used for self-assessment of laboratory biosafety during emergency public health events, addressing the lack of unified standards in biosafety evaluation. Through regular self-assessment, it can enhance the level of biosafety management in medical institution laboratories, to realize the value of application and dissemination.

Objective To analyze and summarize the clinical presentation of spontaneous and secondary intracranial hypotension syndrome(IHS).Methods Patients diagnosed with spontaneous or secondary IHS from September 2022 to May 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data,imaging features,treatment methods and prognosis were collected.The correlation between intracranial pressure values and clinical characteristics of the patients was statistically analyzed.Results A total of 30 patients were enrolled,and the proportion of spontaneous and secondary IHS was 63%(19 cases)and 37%(11 cases),respectively.In terms of clinical features,orthostatic headache was the most common type(29 cases,96.7%)and most commonly involved occipital region(12 cases,40.0%),followed by frontoparietal region(9 cases,30.0%).Among the brain imaging features,dural enhancement was the most common(17 cases,56.7%).According to CT angiography of spinal cord findings,cerebrospinal fluid leakage is one of the most common location of cervical spine segments(10 cases),and on the thoracic segments(9 cases),followed by the thoracic segments(4 cases)and lumbar segments(4 cases).After conservative treatment and surgical treatment,the total effective rate was 90%.Conclusion Orthostatic headache and cranial MRI"dural enhancement"have strong indication on the definitive diagnosis of IHS.CT myelography is helpful to precisely localize the site of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.Targeted epidural blood patch therapy is an effective method to cure IHS when conservative treatment is ineffective.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of edaravone dexborneol combined with intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase,in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke(AIS).Methods The patients with AIS undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase between January 7,2021 and December 31,2022 were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was treated with standard treatment according to the AIS guidelines,and the observation group was treated with edaravone dexborneol injection within 48 hours from thrombolysis to the onset of the disease on the basis of the treatment in the control group.7-day post-thrombolysis National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS),discharged NIHSS,difference between 7-day post-thrombolysis NIHSS and pre-thrombolysis NIHSS,and 3-month all-cause mortality and 3-month poor prognosis ratio were compared between the two groups.Results A total of 232 patients with AIS were randomly allocated to the observation group(n=1 16)and the control group(n=1 16).The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant for 7-day post-thrombolysis NIHSS and difference between 7-day post-thrombolysis NIHSS and pre-thrombolysis NIHSS(P＞0.05),and there were statistical differences in distribution of the discharged NIHSS score between the observation group and control group[2.0(0,3.0)vs.2.0(1.0,5.0),P＜0.05].The 3-month poor prognosis ratio was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group(12.1％vs.28.4％;OR=0.252,95％CI 0.105 to 0.602,P=0.002).Conclusion Edaravone dexborneol enhances the efficacy of AIS undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with alteplase and improves the 3-month outcome of patients.

Objective To explore the underlying molecular mechanism of quercetin in tuberculous ulcer treatment using network phar-macology and molecular docking.Methods We identified quercetin drug targets by searching the PubChem,SwissTarget,and TargetNet databases,then combining our results with those of previous tuberculosis ulcer gene sequencing in our group,thereby obtaining inter-section targets.Using the DAVID database,we performed intersection target gene ontology functional enrichment analysis and signaling pathway enrichment analysis of the Kyoto gene and genome database.We analyzed the intersection target using the STRING database and Cytoscape software and screened the hub node.We used PyMOL and AutoDockTolls software to complete quercetin molecular docking with the hub node,then screened the core drug target of quercetin.Finally,we constructed a macrophage model to verify the above-men-tioned core genes.Results We screened overall 54 drug targets.Our enrichment analysis indicated that the signaling pathways involved in quercetin-mediated tuberculous ulcer treatment were e.g.,metabolic pathways,lipid and atherosclerosis,or the MAPK signaling pathway.In addition,ALOX5,TNF,SRC,MMP9,and EGFRmight be the key genes in quercetin-mediated tuberculous ulcer treatment.Results of our cell culture experiment demonstrated that upon quercetin intervention,SRCand EGFRexpression increased significantly while that of MMP9decreased significantly in M1 and M2 macrophages.Conclusion Quercetin could potentially regulate macrophage polarization by influencing SRC,EGFR,and MMP9expression.