Objective By combining biological detection and imaging evaluation, a clinical prediction model is constructed based on a large cohort to improve the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of the 32 627 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent chest CT and testing for 7 types of lung cancer-related serum autoantibodies (7-AABs) at our hospital from January 2020 to April 2024. The univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to screen independent risk factors for benign and malignant pulmonary nodules, based on which a nomogram model was established. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A total of 1 017 patients with pulmonary nodules were included in the study. The training set consisted of 712 patients, including 291 males and 421 females, with a mean age of (58±12) years. The validation set included 305 patients, comprising 129 males and 176 females, with a mean age of (58±13) years. Univariate ROC curve analysis indicated that the combination of CT and 7-AABs testing achieved the highest area under the curve (AUC) value (0.794), surpassing the diagnostic efficacy of CT alone (AUC=0.667) or 7-AABs alone (AUC=0.514). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that radiological nodule diameter, nodule nature, and CT combined with 7-AABs detection were independent predictors, which were used to construct a nomogram prediction model. The AUC values for this model were 0.826 and 0.862 in the training and validation sets, respectively, demonstrating excellent performance in DCA. Conclusion The combination of 7-AABs with CT significantly enhances the accuracy of distinguishing between benign and malignant pulmonary nodules. The developed predictive model provides strong support for clinical decision-making and contributes to achieving precise diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of allele frequencies for 9 red blood cell (RBC) blood group systems in the Hui ethnic voluntary blood donor population of Suzhou using real-time fluorescence PCR technology, so as to provide technical support for establishing a RBC blood group genetic database. Methods: PCR-TaqMan technology was employed to perform genotyping detection for 9 RBC blood group systems using 144 samples from Hui voluntary blood donors in Suzhou, collected between October 2023 and August 2024. Results: Blood group allele frequencies among Suzhou Hui voluntary blood donors were distributed as follows: MNS system (M=0.566 0, N=0.434 0; S=0.079 9, s=0.920 1); Lutheran system (Lu =0.003 5, Lu =0.996 5; Au =0.895 8, Au =0.104 2); Kell system (K=0.000 0, k=1.000 0; Kp =0.003 5, Kp =0.996 5; JS =0.000 0, JS =1.000 0); Duffy system (Fy =0.899 3, Fy =0.100 7); Kidd system (JK =0.451 4, JK =0.548 6); Diego system (Di =0.041 7, Di =0.958 3); Yt system (Yt =0.996 5, Yt =0.003 5); Dombrock system (Do =0.128 5, Do =0.871 5); Colton system (Co =1.000 0, Co =0.000 0). The PCR-TaqMan-based RBC blood group genotyping technology successfully completed testing for all samples. Conclusion: The MNS, Lutheran, Duffy, Kidd, Diego, and Dombrock blood group systems in the Suzhou Hui population exhibited polymorphic distribution patterns, whereas the Colton system was monomorphic. Standardized application of PCR-TaqMan technology facilitates the establishment of an RBC blood group genetic database.

Objective To understand and grasp the status quo of resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to four commonly used insecticides in Hefei City, and to provide a scientific basis for the chemical control of mosquito larvae. Methods From June to July 2023, Cx. pipiens pallens larvae were collected from 9 counties (cities and districts) in Hefei City. The LC50 of late third-instar to early fourth-instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens to commonly used insecticides was determined by larval immersion method (sensitive baseline method). Results Cx.pipiens pallens larvae in Hefei City exhibited different degrees of resistance to four insecticides: permethrin, beta-cypermethrin, temephos, and propoxur. The relative resistance coefficients to permethrin and beta-cypermethrin were 26.96 and 21.17, respectively, indicating the moderate resistance level. The relative resistance coefficients to propoxur were 6.70, indicating a low resistance level. The relative resistance coefficient to temephos was 2.43, indicating a sensitivity level. Culex pipiens pallens against pyrethroids such as 0.25% permethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin and 0.025% cypermethrin in 1 h knockout rate and 24 h mortality rates were 3.25% (4/123) and 46.34% (57/123), 3.60% (5/139) and 35.97% (50/139), 3.85% (6/156) and 40.38% (63/156), respectively. For 5% malathion and 0.1% propoxur, the 1 h knockdown rate and 24 h mortality rate were 97.69% (127/130) and 99.23% (129/130), 94.48% (137/145) and 100.00% (145/145), respectively. It showed resistance to 0.25% permethrin, 0.025% deltamethrin and 0.025% cypermethrin, and sensitivity to 5% malathion and 0.1% propoxur. Conclusions Culex pipiens pallens in Hefei City have developed varying degrees of resistance to parathyroid and carbamate insecticides. In the control of mosquito vectors, it is essential to strengthen the scientific and rational use of chemical control in combination with environmental and physical control measures to form an integrated control strategy. This approach will improve the control efficiency while delaying the occurrence and development of insecticide resistance.

Objective To explore the connection between immune-related plasma proteins and Parkinson's disease.Methods By analyzing genome-wide association study data of 4907 immune-related plasma proteins,we assessed their direct impact on the risk of Parkinson's disease.Single-nucleus RNA sequencing data were also utilized for protein expression analysis.Results Four im-mune-related proteins,cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor(CDNF),cathepsin B(CTSB),im-munoglobulin G Fc receptor 2a(FCGR2A),and hemoglobin beta subunit(HBB),were identified to be associated with the risk of Parkinson's disease.Among them,increased expression levels of CDNF,CTSB and HBB were found to decrease the risk(OR=0.871,95％CI:0.779-0.973,P=0.015;OR=0.835,95％CI:0.758-0.920,P=0.001;OR=0.735,95％CI:0.631-0.857,P=0.001),whereas increased level of FCGR2A was associated with a higher risk of PD(OR=1.137,95％CI:1.058-1.223,P=0.001).Singl e-cell sequencing analyzes protein expression and its dis-tribution among different cell types in the brain.CDNF and CTSB exhibit high expression levels in multiple brain cell types,FCGR2A is predominantly expressed in brain microglia and HBB shows minimal expression in the brain.Conclusion There are potential links between the four proteins CDNF,CTSB,FCGR2A and HBB and the risk of Parkinson's disease.Our results emphasize that the genetic risk variants of Parkinson's disease influence the disease's occurrence by modulating the expression of these immune-related proteins.Additionally,single-cell expression data reveal the expression patterns of these target proteins in the brain.

The techniques of heart preservation are applied during various stages of heart procurement, transportation and transplantation. Scientific and advanced preservations of donor hearts are essential for expanding the source of hearts and improving the outcomes of heart transplantation. Static cold preservation (SCS), as a classic preservation technique, is both economical and reliable in short-term heart transportation conditions. However, with the elapsing of preservation time, it may cause serious cold ischemic injuries and cannot timely monitor and intervene the status of heart. In recent years, some new preservation methods of donor hearts have been applied in clinical practices, including static temperature control system, normothermic machine perfusion and hypothermic machine perfusion. These technologies can effectively expand the source of hearts, prolong the transportation time of hearts and optimize the long-term outcomes of heart transplantation. This review summarized the latest researches of heart preservation techniques based upon the experience of our own center, providing theoretical rationales for heart transplantation preservation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a kind of neurodegenerative disease based on damage of striatal nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, with motor dysfunction as typical clinical feature. However, PD is often accompanied by a series of non-motor symptoms (NMS) represented by depression and anxiety, which not only interferes with clinical management of PD patients, but also seriously affects quality of life of patients. Pathophysiological mechanism of PD comorbid depression and anxiety is still unclear, but is closely related to the disease process, severity of motor dysfunction, and metabolic disorders of neurotransmitter cytokines. This article reviews the epidemiological characteristics, diagnostic criteria, pathophysiological mechanism and treatment strategies of PD comorbid depression and anxiety, in order to improve the NMS clinical management and quality of life of PD patients.

Astrocytes play a key role in maintaining the homeostasis and function of the central nervous system. Abnormal lipid accumulation, ferroptosis, elevated lactic acid, and high DNA methylation mediated by astrocytes in their own or toxic states are particularly closely related to seizures. In recent years, epilepsy treatment from astrocyte energy metabolism perspective has become a research hotspot. Metabolic therapy, such as ketogenic diet, can inhibit seizures via a variety of mechanisms as astrocyte homeostasis maintenance. This paper reviews the relationship between astrocyte energy metabolism and epilepsy pathogenesis and its related metabolic therapy, in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy.

Objective:To explore the impact of the hospital health literacy environment on patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors, aiming to provide insights for hospitals to implement the Comprehensive Pain Management Pilot Work Program in hospitals and to promote self-health management among patients with other diseases or symptoms. Methods:From November to December 2023, a convenience sampling method was used to select postoperative patients from three grade A tertiary general hospitals in Zhejiang Province for an on-site questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of brief health literacy screen (BHLS), short-form health literacy environment scale (SF-HLES) and postoperative pain self-management behavior questionnaire (PPSMB) were used as survey tools to investigate the health literacy level of patients, the health literacy environment of the hospital, and the postoperative pain management behaviors of patients. Two-way ANOVA was used to compare the impact of different dimensions of the hospital health literacy environment on postoperative pain management behaviors among patients with different levels of health literacy. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between the hospital health literacy environment, individual health literacy, and patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors, and to discuss the impact of individual health literacy on patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors under different hospital health literacy environments.Results:341 valid questionnaires were collected. The average score of the hospitals′ SF-HLES was (73.62±19.54) points. The average score of the patients′ BHLS was (9.65±2.88) points. The average score of the patients′ PPSMB was (25.99±6.35) points. Two-way ANOVA results showed that the interaction between individual health literacy and the clinical dimension ( F=5.463, P=0.020) and structural dimension ( F=6.470, P=0.011) of the hospital health literacy environment had a statistically significant impact on patients′ postoperative pain self-management behaviors, while the interaction with the interpersonal dimension ( F=0, P=0.984) had no statistically significant impact on pain self-management behaviors. Simple effect analysis indicated that only in the high health literacy environment of the clinical and structural dimensions did the difference in pain self-management behaviors between patients with good health literacy and those with limited health literacy had statistical significance ( P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis results showed that for each 1-point increase in the patients′ BHLS score, their PPSMB score increased by 3.74 points ( β1=0.832, P<0.001); for each 1-point increase in the hospital′s SF-HLES score, the patients′ PPSMB score could increase by 0.198 points ( β2=0.610, P<0.001). In a low health literacy environment, individual health literacy did not affect pain self-management behaviors ( P>0.05); however, in a high health literacy environment, for each 1-point increase in the patients′ BHLS score, their PPSMB score correspondingly increased by 4.037 points ( β4=0.317, P<0.001). Conclusions:The positive impact of individual health literacy on pain self-management is contingent upon a high-quality hospital health literacy environment. This suggests that optimizing the hospital health literacy environment is a necessary precondition for implementing the relevant content of the Comprehensive Pain Management Pilot Work Program and can provide a reference for promote self-health management among patients with pain and other diseases or symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the effect of fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)on unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)-induced renal fibrosis in mice.Methods:Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the control group,UUO group,UUO+FMT group and myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)transfer group.The latter 3 groups were constructed renal fibrosis models by UUO,the UUO+FMT group received FMT from control mice after UUO surgery,and the MDSCs transfer group underwent splenectomy and intravenous injection of MDSCs from the peripheral blood of the UUO+FMT group.Renal tissue specimens were collected at 14 d after UUO for HE and Masson staining.TNF-α and IL-10 expression levels were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),Western blot and immunofluorescence staining.Results:HE staining showed that the renal tissue structure of the control group was normal.The UUO group showed significant dilatation of renal tubules accompanied by obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.However,the renal lesions in the UUO+FMT group and MDSCs transfer group were significantly improved compared with those in the UUO group.Masson staining showed that the positive area of collagen deposition significantly increased in the UUO group compared with the control group,while the positive area of collagen deposition decreased in the UUO+FMT group and MDSCs transfer group compared with the UUO group.The results of qRT-PCR,Western blot and immunofluorescence showed that the expression levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were elevated in renal tissues of the UUO group compared with the control group.Compared with the UUO group,the expression level of TNF-α decreased while IL-10 increased in the UUO+FMT group and MDSCs transfer group.Conclusions:FMT reduces the expression of TNF-α and increase the expression of IL-10 in the kidney of UUO mice,and alleviates renal fibrosis.FMT may exert a nephroprotective effect by regulating MDSCs.

Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression vector for the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 mutant S1 protein,ex-pressed in CHO-K1 cells to evaluate its immunogenicity,and investigate the adjuvant and antigen dosages.Methods The recombinant plasmid UCOE-Omi-S1 was constructed and transfected into CHO-K1 engineering cells for expression and purification.The recombi-nant S1 protein was confirmed using SDS-PAGE and Western blot.BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 12groups:PBS group,no adjuvant group(high,medium and low-dose groups),aluminum salt adjuvant control group,MF59 adjuvant control group,aluminum salt adjuvant experimental group(high,medium and low-dose groups),MF59 adjuvant experimental group(high,medium and low-dose groups).The solution in accordance with the required proportion of the group was injected intramuscular into the mice 3 times,the interval of 14days,and the blood was collected from the tail vein every 2 weeks,and the serum was separated 30days after the last immu-nization.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect serum antibody levels and to neutralize pseudoviruses with SARS-CoV-2 prototype and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant strains.Results After the expression of the target protein in CHO-K1 engineering cells,the expressed protein was observed at a relative molecular mass of approximately 70kDa and was identified as Omi-S1 protein by Western blot.The immune induction effect of the aluminum salt adjuvant group and MF59 adjuvant group was better than that of the no adjuvant group.There was no significant difference between the aluminum salt adjuvant group and the MF59 adjuvant group,but the MF59 adjuvant took effect more quickly.The immune induction effect of the high,middle,and low-dose groups was simi-lar at the 8th week,but the effect of the high-dose group was faster.Pseudovirus neutralization experiments showed that MF59 adjuvant experimental group exhibited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against the Omicron variants than the aluminum salt adjuvant group.Conclusion This study successfully constructed a recombinant protein of Omicron S1 with good immunogenicity and generated a strong humoral immune response in mice,inducing high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus.The adjuvant and antigen dosages of SARS-CoV-2 were preliminarily studied showed that a dose of less than 10μg of antigen dosages with MF59 adjuvant was found to be effective in inducing good immunity.These findings provide the experimental basis for the development of recombinant protein vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants.