Objective To guide occupational health inspectors in accurately identifying the key points of law enforcement and case management during the supervision of occupational health technical service institutions, standardize the collection of evidence for illegal activities and the application of legal provisions, ensure the proper execution of administrative penalties, and provide insights for handling cases related to the supervision and law enforcement of occupational health technical services. Methods This study analyzed the key points of evidence collection using an example case involving an entity that engaged in occupational health test and evaluation technical services without obtaining the required qualifications for occupational health technical service institutions. Results The key points of evidence collection primarily included: evidence proving the qualification of the penalized subject, evidence proving jurisdictional authority, evidence proving the conduct of occupational health technical services, evidence proving the absence of an Occupational Health Technical Service Institution Qualification Certificate, evidence proving illegal gains, evidence proving the circumstances of the violation, and other evidence proving the legality of administrative procedures. Conclusion In the implementation of administrative penalties by occupational health supervisors, standardized investigation and evidence collection constitute a critical component of law enforcement and case handling. Sufficient evidence collection and accurate application of the law are indispensable for safeguarding public health and societal interests against infringement.

AIM: To analyze the reasons and clinical outcomes of intraocular lens(IOL)exchange.METHODS:This retrospective case series study included 47 patients(53 eyes)who underwent IOL exchange surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, between April 2020 and May 2024, aged from 5 to 87(44.8±3.6)years old. Patients' demographics, surgical indications, surgical techniques, preoperative and postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA)and best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), as well as postoperative complications were recorded.RESULTS:The reasons for IOL exchange included refractive error(18 cases, 23 eyes, 43%), IOL dislocation(12 cases, 13 eyes, 25%), IOL opacification(12 cases, 12 eyes, 23%), neuroadaptation failure(3 cases, 3 eyes, 6%), and patient dissatisfaction with visual quality(2 cases, 2 eyes, 4%). The surgical techniques for IOL exchange included in-the-bag IOL fixation(16 eyes, 30%), ciliary sulcus fixation(27 eyes, 51%), and scleral suture fixation(10 eyes, 19%). There was statistical significant difference between preoperative UCVA(LogMAR)and UCVA(LogMAR)at 1 d postoperatively(1.03±0.64 vs 0.50±0.46, P<0.05), and there was statistical significant difference between preoperative BCVA(LogMAR)and BCVA(LogMAR)at 1 mo postoperatively(0.41±0.37 vs 0.17±0.21, P<0.05). Postoperative complications included posterior capsule opacification in 2 eyes and IOL dislocation in 1 eye.CONCLUSION:Refractive error, IOL dislocation, and IOL opacification were the three most common reasons for IOL exchange. Although less frequent, factors such as neuroadaptation issues associated with multifocal IOLs and patient-reported visual quality dissatisfaction reflect growing expectations for improved visual outcomes. IOL exchange surgery, though technically challenging, demonstrates favorable clinical efficacy and a low complication rate, representing an effective intervention for managing postoperative IOL-related issues following cataract surgery.

Spermatogenesis is a fundamental process that requires a tightly controlled epigenetic event in spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). The mechanisms underlying the transition from SSCs to sperm are largely unknown. Most studies utilize gene knockout mice to explain the mechanisms. However, the production of genetically engineered mice is costly and time-consuming. In this study, we presented a convenient research strategy using an RNA interference (RNAi) and testicular transplantation approach. Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation was dynamically regulated during spermatogenesis. As Jumonji domain-containing protein 1A (JMJD1A) and Jumonji domain-containing protein 2C (JMJD2C) demethylases catalyze histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2), we firstly analyzed the expression profile of the two demethylases and then investigated their function. Using the convenient research strategy, we showed that normal spermatogenesis is disrupted due to the downregulated expression of both demethylases. These results suggest that this strategy might be a simple and alternative approach for analyzing spermatogenesis relative to the gene knockout mice strategy.
Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases/metabolism* ; Histones/metabolism* ; RNA Interference ; Testis/metabolism* ; Methylation ; Mice, Knockout ; Histone Demethylases

Objective To investigate the value of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) features, along with the expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adrenal cortical tumors. Methods A total of 98 patients with adrenal cortical tumors admitted to Zibo Municipal Central Hospital from January 2020 to July 2024 were included in this study. All subjects underwent MSCT scans of the adrenal gland. The CT values of tumor parenchyma on plain scans and at arterial and venous phases were estimated. The surgical tumor specimens were collected for immunohistochemical staining and measurement of EGFR and IGF1R expression. The MSCT features and EGFR and IGF1R expression levels were compared among patients with different pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors. Results Of the 98 patients with adrenal cortical tumors, there were 18 cases with cortical carcinoma, 10 cases with metastatic tumors, 31 cases with pheochromocytoma, 25 cases with aldosterone-producing adenomas, and 14 cases with cortisol adenomas. The CT values of adrenal aldosterone-producing adenomas were significantly lower than other pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors on plain scans and at arterial and venous phases (P < 0.05). The CT values of metastatic tumors and cortical carcinoma were significantly lower than those of pheochromocytoma and cortisol adenomas at arterial and venous phases (P < 0.05). Specifically, at arterial and venous phases, the CT values of metastatic tumors were lower than those of cortical carcinoma, and the CT values of cortisol adenomas were lower than those of pheochromocytoma (P < 0.05). The positive expression levels of EGFR and IGF1R were higher in tumor specimens from patients with metastatic tumors and cortical carcinomas than from pheochromocytoma, aldosterone-producing adenomas, and cortisol adenomas (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between patients with metastatic tumors and cortical carcinomas in terms of positive EGFR and IGF1R expression (P > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the proportions of positive EGFR and IGF1R expression among patients with malignant adrenal cortical tumors in terms of ages, genders, tumor sizes, and TNM stages (P > 0.05). Conclusion The CT values of MSCT scans at arterial and venous phases as well as EGFR and IGF1R expression levels correlate with the pathological types of adrenal cortical tumors.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Heilongjiang province, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of TBE.Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of TBE were systematically analyzed by the data of TBE cases reported in Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System.Results:A total of 1 127 TBE cases were reported from 2006 to 2020. The average age was 45.8 year, and the case fatality rate was 1.2%. Most TBE cases occurred from April to August, with a peak in June.Conclusions:This research elucidated the epidemiological characteristics of TBE in Heilongjiang province, and provides important basic data for the disease prevention and control.

Objective:To evaluate the technical feasibility and perioperative safety of pyeloplasty assis-ted by the CarinaTM modular laparoscopic surgical robotic system in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO).Methods:From November to December 2024,five consecutive patients diagnosed with UPJO underwent robot-assisted pyeloplasty using the CarinaTM modular laparoscopic surgical system at Peking University First Hospital.Data on patient demographics,intraoperative parameters(including docking time,console time,and estimated blood loss),perioperative outcomes,follow-up results,and surgeons' subjective evaluations of system performance were prospectively collected.Descriptive statistics were used;continuous variables were presented as median(range),and categorical variables as frequen-cy and percentage.Results:The cohort included four females and one male.All the patients successfully completed the robotic procedure without conversion to open or conventional laparoscopic surgery.The me-dian age was 32 years(24-37 years),and the median body mass index was 21.6 kg/m2(15.8-27.3 kg/m2).The median docking time was 8 min(3-12 min),and the median console time was 91 min(71-125 min).Intraoperative blood loss was uniformly 20 mL.The median postoperative drainage du-ration was 3 d(0-4 d),and the median length of hospital stay was 4 d(4-9 d).No Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ or higher complications occurred.All the patients had their double-J stents removed at 2 months postoperatively,and pain in the ipsilateral flank,reported preoperatively by all the five patients,was al-leviated.The subjective surgical success rate was 100％.Surgeons reported stable system performance throughout all the procedures,with no instances of mechanical arm interference or visual drift affecting surgical fluency.Conclusion:Preliminary findings indicate that pyeloplasty using the domestically deve-loped CarinaTM modular laparoscopic robotic system is technically feasible and perioperatively safe for the treatment of UPJO.

Objective:To evaluate the technical feasibility and perioperative safety of pyeloplasty assis-ted by the CarinaTM modular laparoscopic surgical robotic system in patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction(UPJO).Methods:From November to December 2024,five consecutive patients diagnosed with UPJO underwent robot-assisted pyeloplasty using the CarinaTM modular laparoscopic surgical system at Peking University First Hospital.Data on patient demographics,intraoperative parameters(including docking time,console time,and estimated blood loss),perioperative outcomes,follow-up results,and surgeons' subjective evaluations of system performance were prospectively collected.Descriptive statistics were used;continuous variables were presented as median(range),and categorical variables as frequen-cy and percentage.Results:The cohort included four females and one male.All the patients successfully completed the robotic procedure without conversion to open or conventional laparoscopic surgery.The me-dian age was 32 years(24-37 years),and the median body mass index was 21.6 kg/m2(15.8-27.3 kg/m2).The median docking time was 8 min(3-12 min),and the median console time was 91 min(71-125 min).Intraoperative blood loss was uniformly 20 mL.The median postoperative drainage du-ration was 3 d(0-4 d),and the median length of hospital stay was 4 d(4-9 d).No Clavien-Dindo grade Ⅲ or higher complications occurred.All the patients had their double-J stents removed at 2 months postoperatively,and pain in the ipsilateral flank,reported preoperatively by all the five patients,was al-leviated.The subjective surgical success rate was 100％.Surgeons reported stable system performance throughout all the procedures,with no instances of mechanical arm interference or visual drift affecting surgical fluency.Conclusion:Preliminary findings indicate that pyeloplasty using the domestically deve-loped CarinaTM modular laparoscopic robotic system is technically feasible and perioperatively safe for the treatment of UPJO.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Heilongjiang province, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of TBE.Methods:The epidemiological characteristics of TBE were systematically analyzed by the data of TBE cases reported in Disease Surveillance Information Reporting System.Results:A total of 1 127 TBE cases were reported from 2006 to 2020. The average age was 45.8 year, and the case fatality rate was 1.2%. Most TBE cases occurred from April to August, with a peak in June.Conclusions:This research elucidated the epidemiological characteristics of TBE in Heilongjiang province, and provides important basic data for the disease prevention and control.

【Objective】 To establish a blood quality monitoring indicator system, in order to continuously improve blood quality and standardized management. 【Methods】 Based on the research of literature and standards, and guided by the key control points of blood collection and supply process, the blood quality monitoring indicator system was developed. Through two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, the indicator content was further revised and improved according to expert opinions after six months of trial implementation. The indicator weight was calculated by questionnaire and analytic hierarchy process. 【Results】 A blood quality monitoring indicator system covering the whole process of blood collection and supply was constructed, including five primary indicators, namely blood donation service, blood component preparation, blood testing, blood supply and quality control, as well as 72 secondary indicators, including definitions, calculation formulas, etc. Two rounds of expert consultation and two rounds of feasibility study meeting were held to revise 17 items and the weight of each indicator was obtained through the analytic hierarchy process. After partial adjustments, a blood quality monitoring indicator system was formed. 【Conclusion】 A blood quality monitoring indicator system covering the whole process of blood collection and supply has been established for the first time, which can effectively evaluate the quality management level of blood banks and coordinate blood quality control activities of blood banks in Shandong like pieces in a chess game, thus improving the standardized management level

【Objective】 To objectively evaluate the quality control level of blood testing process in blood banks through quantitative monitoring and trend analysis, and to promote the homogenization level and standardized management of blood testing laboratories in blood banks. 【Methods】 A quality monitoring indicator system covering the whole process of blood collection and supply, including blood donation service, blood component preparation, blood testing, blood supply and quality control was established. The questionnaire Quality Monitoring Indicators for Blood Collection and Supply Process with clear definition of indicators and calculation formulas was distributed to 17 blood banks in Shandong province. Quality monitoring indicators of each blood bank from January to December 2022 were collected, and 31 indicators in terms of blood testing were analyzed using SPSS25.0 software. 【Results】 The proportion of unqualified serological tests in 17 blood bank laboratories was 55.84% for ALT, 13.63% for HBsAg, 5.08% for anti HCV, 5.62% for anti HIV, 18.18% for anti TP, and 1.65% for other factors (mainly sample quality). The detection unqualified rate and median were (1.23±0.57)% and 1.11%, respectively. The ALT unqualified rate and median were (0.74±0.53)% and 0.60%, respectively. The detection unqualified rate was positively correlated with ALT unqualified rate (r=0.974, P<0.05). The unqualified rate of HBsAg, anti HCV, anti HIV and anti TP was (0.15±0.09)%, (0.05±0.04)%, (0.06±0.03)% and (0.20±0.05)% respectively. The average unqualified rate, average hemolysis rate, average insufficient volume rate and the abnormal hematocrit rate of samples in 17 blood bank laboratories was 0.21‰, 0.08‰, 0.01‰ and 0.02‰ respectively. There were differences in the retest concordance rates of four HBsAg, anti HCV and anti HIV reagents, and three anti TP reagents among 17 blood bank laboratories (P<0.05). The usage rate of ELISA reagents was (114.56±3.30)%, the outage rate of ELISA was (10.23±7.05) ‰, and the out of range rate of ELISA was (0.90±1.17) ‰. There was no correlation between the out of range rate, outrage rate and usage rate (all P>0.05), while the outrage rate was positively correlated with the usage rate (r=0.592, P<0.05). A total of 443 HBV DNA positive samples were detected in all blood banks, with an unqualified rate of 3.78/10 000; 15 HCV RNA positive samples were detected, with an unqualified rate of 0.13/10 000; 5 HIV RNA positive samples were detected, with an unqualified rate of 0.04/10 000. The unqualified rate of NAT was (0.72±0.04)‰, the single NAT reaction rate [(0.39±0.02)‰] was positively correlated with the single HBV DNA reaction rate [ (0.36±0.02) ‰] (r=0.886, P<0.05). There was a difference in the discriminated reactive rate by individual NAT among three blood bank laboratories (C, F, H) (P<0.05). The median resolution rate of 17 blood station laboratories by minipool test was 36.36%, the median rate of invalid batch of NAT was 0.67%, and the median rate of invalid result of NAT was 0.07‰. The consistency rate of ELISA dual reagent detection results was (99.63±0.24)%, and the median length of equipment failure was 14 days. The error rate of blood type testing in blood collection department was 0.14‰. 【Conclusion】 The quality monitoring indicator system for blood testing process in Shandong can monitor potential risks before, during and after the experiment, and has good applicability, feasibility, and effectiveness, and can facilitate the continuous improvement of laboratory quality control level. The application of blood testing quality monitoring indicators will promote the homogenization and standardization of blood quality management in Shandong, and lay the foundation for future comprehensive evaluations of blood banks.