ObjectiveTo develop a novel precision rehabilitation service model for structural problems in rural rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities in China, such as shortages of professional resources, imprecise assessment and lack of service continuity, guided by International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and supported by digital technologies. MethodsUsing ICF as an analytical tool and rural disability rehabilitation services as the application scenario, this study adopted a problem-oriented approach focused on current service challenges. Through literature review, situation analysis and strategy exploration, elements of body functions and structures, activities and participation, environmental factors, and digital technologies were organically integrated to form systematic solutions. ResultsA precision rehabilitation service model developed for rural persons with disabilities was constructed based on ICF and integrated with digital technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data and telerehabilitation. The model encompassed three dimensions: precise assessment of body functions, precise matching of intervention modalities and precise adjustment of environmental factors. An implementation pathway for digital technology-empowered precision rehabilitation in rural areas was proposed. ConclusionThe digitally empowered precision rehabilitation service model based on ICF is helpful for addressing the challenges of equity and precision in rural rehabilitation services in China, promoting access fairer, more accessible and systematically continuous rehabilitation services.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the critical role of rehabilitation medical records (including electronic records) in rehabilitation medicine's clinical practice and management, comprehensively analyzed the structure, core content and data standards of rehabilitation medical records, to develop a standardized medical record data architecture and core dataset suitable for rehabilitation medicine and to explore the application of rehabilitation data in performance evaluation and payment. MethodsBased on the regulatory documents Basic Specifications for Medical Record Writing and Basic Specifications for Electronic Medical Records (Trial) issued by National Health Commission of China, and referencing the World Health Organization (WHO) Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs) classifications, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10/ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI Beta-3), this study constructed the data architecture, core content and data standards for rehabilitation medical records. Furthermore, it explored the application of rehabilitation record summary sheets (home page) data in rehabilitation medical statistics and payment methods, including Diagnosis-related Groups (DRG), Diagnosis-Intervention Packet (DIP) and Case Mix Index. ResultsThis study proposed a systematic standard framework for rehabilitation medical records, covering key components such as patient demographics, rehabilitation diagnosis, functional assessment, rehabilitation treatment prescriptions, progress evaluations and discharge summaries. The research analyzed the systematic application methods and data standards of ICD-10/ICD-11, ICF and ICHI Beta-3 in the fields of medical record terminology, coding and assessment. Constructing a standardized data structure and data standards for rehabilitation medical records can significantly improve the quality of data reporting based on the medical record summary sheet, thereby enhancing the quality control of rehabilitation services, effectively supporting the optimization of rehabilitation medical insurance payment mechanisms, and contributing to the establishment of rehabilitation medical performance evaluation and payment based on DRG and DIP. ConclusionStructured rehabilitation records and data standardization are crucial tools for quality control in rehabilitation. Systematically applying the three reference classifications of the WHO-FICs, and aligning with national medical record and electronic health record specifications, facilitate the development of a standardized rehabilitation record architecture and core dataset. Standardizing rehabilitation care pathways based on the ICF methodology, and developing ICF- and ICD-11-based rehabilitation assessment tools, auxiliary diagnostic and therapeutic systems, and supporting terminology and coding systems, can effectively enhance the quality of rehabilitation records and enable interoperability and sharing of rehabilitation data with other medical data, ultimately improving the quality and safety of rehabilitation services.

ObjectiveTo explore the data standard system of electronic medical records in the field of rehabilitation, focusing on the terminology and coding standards, data structure, and key content categories of rehabilitation electronic medical records. MethodsBased on the Administrative Norms for the Application of Electronic Medical Records issued by the National Health Commission of China, the electronic medical record standard architecture issued by the International Organization for Standardization and Health Level Seven (HL7), the framework of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs), Basic Architecture and Data Standards of Electronic Medical Records, Basic Data Set of Electronic Medical Records, and Specifications for Sharing Documents of Electronic Medical Records, the study constructed and organized the data structure, content, and data standards of rehabilitation electronic medical records. ResultsThe data structure of rehabilitation electronic medical records should strictly follow the structure of electronic medical records, including four levels (clinical document, document section, data set and data element) and four major content areas (basic information, diagnostic information, intervention information and cost information). Rehabilitation electronic medical records further integrated information related to rehabilitation needs and characteristics, emphasizing rehabilitation treatment, into clinical information. By fully applying the WHO-FICs reference classifications, rehabilitation electronic medical records could establish a standardized framework, diagnostic criteria, functional description tools, coding tools and terminology index tools for the coding, indexing, functional description, and analysis and interpretation of diseases and health problems. The study elaborated on the data structure and content categories of rehabilitation electronic medical records in four major categories, refined the granularity of reporting rehabilitation content in electronic medical records, and provided detailed data reporting guidance for rehabilitation electronic medical records. ConclusionThe standardization of rehabilitation electronic medical records is significant for improving the quality of rehabilitation medical services and promoting the rehabilitation process of patients. The development of rehabilitation electronic medical records must be based on the national and international standards. Under the general electronic medical records data structure and standards, a rehabilitation electronic medical records data system should be constructed which incorporates core data such as disease diagnosis, functional description and assessment, and rehabilitation interventions. The standardized rehabilitation electronic medical records scheme constructed in this study can support the improvement of standardization of rehabilitation electronic medical records data information.

ObjectiveTo analyze the data structure and standards of rehabilitation outpatient medical records, to provide data support for improving the quality of rehabilitation outpatient care and developing medical insurance payment policies. MethodsBased on the normative documents issued by the National Health Commission, Basic Standards for Medical Record Writing and Standards for Electronic Medical Record Sharing Documents, in accordance with the Quality Management Regulations for Outpatient (Emergency) Diagnosis and Treatment Information Pages (Trial), reference to the framework of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications (WHO-FICs), the data framework and content of rehabilitation outpatient medical records were determined, and the data standards were discussed. ResultsThis study constructed a data framework for rehabilitation outpatient medical records, including four main components: patient basic information, visit process information, diagnosis and treatment information, and cost information. Three major reference classifications of WHO-FICs, International Classification of Diseases, International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and International Classification of Health Interventions,were used to establish diagnostic standards and standardized terminology, as well as coding disease diagnosis, functional description, functional assessment, and rehabilitation interventions, to improve the quality of data reporting, and level of quality control in rehabilitation. ConclusionThe structuring and standardization of rehabilitation outpatient medical records are the foundation for sharing of rehabilitation data. The using of the three major classifications of WHO-FICs is valuable for the terminology and coding of disease diagnosis, functional description and assessment, and intervention in rehabilitation outpatient medical records, which is significant for sharing and interconnectivity of rehabilitation outpatient data, as well as for optimizing the quality and safety of rehabilitation medical services.

ObjectiveTo explore the standardization of inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet, encompassing its structure, content and data standards, to enhance the standardization level of inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet, improve data reporting quality, and provide accurate data support for medical insurance payment, hospital performance evaluation, and rehabilitation discipline evaluation. MethodsBased on the relevant specifications of the National Health Commission's Basic Norms for Medical Record Writing, Specifications for Sharing Documents of Electronic Medical Records, and Quality Management and Control Indicators for Inpatient Medical Record Summary Sheet (2016 Edition), this study analyzed the structure and content of the inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet. The study systematically applied the three major reference classifications of the World Health Organization Family of International Classifications, International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10/ICD-11, ICD-9-CM-3), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI Beta-3), for disease diagnosis, functional description and assessment, and rehabilitation intervention, forming a standardized terminology system and coding methods. ResultsThe inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet covered four major sections: inpatient information, hospitalization information, diagnosis and treatment information, and cost information. ICD-10/ICD-11 were the standards and coding tools for admission and discharge diagnoses in the inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet. The three functional assessment tools recommended by ICD-11, the 36-item version of World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, Brief Model Disability Survey and Generic Functioning domains, as well as ICF, were used for rehabilitation functioning assessment and the coding of outcomes. ICHI Beta-3 and ICD-9-CM-3 were used for coding surgical procedures and operations in the medical record summary sheet, and also for coding rehabilitation intervention items. ConclusionThe inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet is a summary of the relevant content of the rehabilitation medical record and a tool for reporting inpatient rehabilitation data. It needs to be refined and optimized according to the characteristics of rehabilitation, with necessary data supplemented. The application of ICD-11/ICD-10, ICF and ICHI Beta-3/ICD-9-CM-3 classification standards would comprehensively promote the accuracy of inpatient diagnosis of diseases and functions. Based on ICD-11 and ICF, relevant functional assessment result data would be added, and ICHI Beta-3/ICD-9-CM-3 should be used to code rehabilitation interventions. Improving the quality of rehabilitation medical records and inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet is an important part of rehabilitation quality control, and also lays an evidence-based data foundation for the analysis and application of inpatient rehabilitation medical record summary sheet.

ObjectiveTo systematically analyze the global policy framework, standard systems and application technology models of digital rehabilitation within the framework of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Digital Health Strategy and propose policy recommendations for the future development of digital rehabilitation. MethodsBased on the policies on digital health and rehabilitation development issued by the WHO, focusing on the Global Digital Health Strategy, Rehabilitation 2030 Initiative, Rehabilitation in Health Systems, Rehabilitation in Health Systems: A Guide for Action, and World Report on Disability, a systematic review was conducted, to explore the policy architecture and core content of digital rehabilitation, the standard system for digitalizing rehabilitation, and key technological models for the development of digital rehabilitation. ResultsIn the context of global health and digital transformation, the development of digital rehabilitation services was an essential component of the global digital health strategy. Building a comprehensive policy framework and content system for digital rehabilitation was critical for strengthening rehabilitation data governance, enhancing data utilization efficiency, and ensuring data privacy and security. Empowering rehabilitation with digital technology was vital for improving the standardization, effectiveness, coverage, quality and safety of rehabilitation services. International digital rehabilitation policies primarily involved the following areas: policy and governance, digital standard systems, data privacy, security and ethics, digital talent cultivation and capacity building, and monitoring, evaluation and continuous improvement of digitally empowered rehabilitation services. The standard system for rehabilitation digitization covered the three major reference classifications of the WHO Family of International Classifications, including International Classification of Diseases Eleventh Revision (ICD-11), International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and International Classification of Health Interventions (ICHI), especially ICF. It also included international data interoperability standards, data security and privacy protection standards, data quality and certification standards, and health information standards, etc. The application technology models of digital rehabilitation primarily included data-driven service models, artificial intelligence -enabled models, and remote rehabilitation models combined with virtual reality, augmented reality technologies, and Internet of Things support. ConclusionThe establishment and implementation of comprehensive policies, standards and technological models for digital rehabilitation are crucial for driving the digital transformation and development of global rehabilitation services. Under the framework of the WHO Global Digital Health Strategy, it is necessary to build adaptive digital rehabilitation policy frameworks, and enhance digital governance capabilities and levels, establishing and improving digital rehabilitation standard systems, and promoting the interoperability and integration of rehabilitation data with other health big data. Meanwhile, it is essential to actively develop data-driven technological models for rehabilitation services to comprehensively improve the accessibility, availability, quality and safety of rehabilitation services.

Objective:To analyze the willingness and related factors of pregnant women in Shanghai City to receive influenza vaccines during pregnancy.Methods:An online questionnaire survey was conducted among pregnant women who registered in maternal and child health hospitals in 16 districts of Shanghai. The basic information, health status during pregnancy, attitude towards influenza vaccination, and knowledge of influenza and influenza vaccine were collected, and χ2 test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the willingness and related factors of pregnant women to receive influenza vaccines during pregnancy. Results:A total of 3 219 valid questionnaires were received, with 10.90% of pregnant women willing to receive influenza vaccination during pregnancy, 57.50% unwilling to receive vaccination and 31.59% holding an uncertain attitude. Among the pregnant women who were willing to receive the vaccine, 82.91% would take the initiative to know the relevant information about the influenza vaccine, and 87.18% understood the transmission routes of the flu. 32.09% believed that pregnant women could receive the influenza vaccination at any stage of pregnancy. Among those who were unwilling and held an uncertain attitude, the proportions of the above three questions were 47.06%, 83.95% and 17.80%, respectively. Among pregnant women who were unwilling to receive vaccination and held an uncertain attitude, the main reason for their vaccine hesitation was the concern about the safety of the vaccine for pregnant women and fetuses during pregnancy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that pregnant women with higher education ( OR=3.278, 95% CI: 1.678-6.406, P=0.001), second trimester ( OR=1.542, 95% CI: 1.159-2.054, P=0.003), third pregnancy ( OR=2.318, 95% CI: 1.008-5.331, P=0.048), and previous influenza vaccination ( OR=1.552, 95% CI: 1.119-2.152, P=0.008) had a higher willingness to receive influenza vaccines during pregnancy. Conclusion:Pregnant women in Shanghai have a relatively low willingness to receive influenza vaccines during pregnancy, mainly due to concerns about vaccine safety.

Objective To systematically explore the characteristics of speech,language functioning and adaptation in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities(IDD)based on framework of International Classification of Function-ing,Disability and Health(ICF),to construct an integrated system that merges curricula and rehabilitation based on an analysis of the content and functional goals within language-related curriculum standards for Peizhi(spe-cial education for children with IDD)schools.Methods Using the bio-psycho-social model of the ICF,the characteristics of speech and communication disorders in children with IDD were systematically analyzed across the three dimensions of body functions and structures,ac-tivities and participation,and environmental factors.A content analysis was conducted on the three core curricu-lum standards for Peizhi schools issued by the Ministry of Education of China,extracting and summarizing the goals and core content related to linguistic ability development,which were then mapped and coded using the ICF classification system.Guided by the ICF's functioning-oriented principles,these curriculum goals were inte-grated with evidence-based rehabilitation strategies to construct a comprehensive curriculum and rehabilitation interventions that included assessment,goal setting,curriculum module design and intervention strategies.Results For the speech and language functioning in children with IDD,at the body functions level,impairments were identified in areas such as mental functions of language(b167)and articulation(b320);at the activities and partic-ipation level,limitations manifested as significant difficulties in communication(d3)and interpersonal interac-tions(d7);and environmental factors(e.g.,family support,e310;educational services,e585)impacted on func-tional performance and adaptation.Main curriculum standards of China related to language functioning for Pei-zhi schools addressed three domains respectively:body functions(Rehabilitation Training Curriculum Standard),communication skills[Living Language(Chinese)Curriculum Standard],and social participation and environ-ment(the Life Adaptation Curriculum Standard).Together,they constructed a standardized system for education-al curricula and rehabilitation interventions for children's speech and language functioning.Conclusion The speech therapy,the courses of Chinese language and adaptation are the complex and multidimensional processes.Based on the theoretical framework of the ICF's bio-psycho-social model,this study systematically in-tegrates China's Living Language(Chinese),Rehabilitation Training,and Life Adaptation curriculum standards to construct a speech rehabilitation program and a language ability curriculum oriented by the children's speech,lan-guage functioning and adaptation,which emphasizes a process beginning with functional assessment,grounded in real-life contexts,and actualized through interdisciplinary collaboration,to provide individualized,multimodal and evidence-based education,rehabilitation interventions and support for every child with special needs.By im-plementing the integrated rehabilitation interventions and language-related curriculum system,it enhances chil-dren's speech,language functioning and adaptation,promotes their functional communication,empowers their communication activities and social participation,and improves their social adaptation and overall development.

Objective To design a practice courses and competency-oriented training in rehabilitation psychology,in response to the demands of team-based and interprofessional practices for professionals,based on World Health Organization re-habilitation competency framework(RCF).Methods Using the five core domains of RCF(practice,professionalism,learning and development,management and leadership,and research),this study analyzed the competencies and role positioning of undergraduate rehabilita-tion psychology students within team-based and interprofessional rehabilitation settings.It identifies the core competencies needed in these contexts and corresponding practical teaching approaches,to enhance students'ability to translate disciplinary knowledge into team-based and interprofessional practice competencies in real-world rehabilitation scenarios.Results The study yielded a competency-oriented practical curriculum structured around the teamwork and interprofes-sional practice requirements for rehabilitation psychology professionals.Based on RCF,we defined specific core competencies and developed a curricular framework incorporating pedagogical methods such as integrated as-sessments based on International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health,motivational interviewing,case study analysis,and standardized patient simulations.These methods are designed to build student proficien-cy in team communication,collaborative decision-making,case management and evidence-based practice.Conclusion In undergraduate rehabilitation psychology education,developing competency-based practical courses tar-geting team-based and interprofessional service competencies,which grounded in RCF,can enhance the quality and efficiency of talent cultivation in the field.It also helps improve students'capabilities in collaborative and in-terprofessional practice.RCF provides a theoretical foundation,practical tools,and reference frameworks for building competency-oriented curricula and instructional methods in rehabilitation psychology.

Objective Based on the theoretical framework of International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF),this paper compared the classification and grading methods of disability standards in four areas in China,focusing on definition,classification,grading,coding systems and assessment tools.Methods Four disability standards including Disability Assessment and Code for Life Insurance(insurance standard),Classification of Disability Degrees for Human Body Injury(judicial standard),Grading of Disability for Work-Related Injuries and Occupational Diseases(work-related injury standard),and Classification and Grading of Dis-abilities for Persons with Disabilities(disability eligibility standard)were systematically analyzed.Each standard was reviewed to identify core elements of disability definitions,classification,and grading methods.Content analysis was used to extract and compare the definitions,classification,grading,coding systems,and assessment tools.The strengths,weaknesses,and practical limitations of each standard were analyzed using the ICF frame-work.Results There were different in disability definitions,classification and grading,coding systems,and assessment tools across the standards.In terms of definitions,the insurance standard emphasized ICF's body structure and function impairments;the judicial standard defined disability as limitations in life and work capacity due to bodily injury,covering ICF's body structure and function,activity and participation;the work-related injury standard focused on loss of labor capacity due to work-related injuries,involving body structure and function,activity and partici-pation;the disability eligibility standard refered to the ICF model,defining disability as impairments in body function and structure,and activity limitations and participation restriction.Regarding classification and grading,the insurance standard divided disabilities into eight categories based on body structure and function,with ten grades of disability severity;the judicial standard first graded disabilities into ten levels and then classified as in-jury site;the work-related injury standard divided disabilities into five categories based on clinical disciplines,grading from one to ten;the disability eligibility standard divided disabilities into seven categories,each with four grades.For coding systems and assessment tools,the insurance standard used ICF coding system,while the disability standard for persons with disabilities used a numerical coding system other from ICF,and the other standards did not use coding systems.Assessment tools varied significantly.The use of World Health Organiza-tion Disability Assessment Schedule(WHODAS 2.0)was proposed but not applying it in grading.Conclusion This study has systematically compared and analyzed four typical disability-related standards in China using the ICF framework.Personal Insurance Disability Assessment and Coding,Grading of Disability Caused by Bodily Injury,and Classification and Grading of Disabilities for Persons with Disabilities are all promulgated af-ter 2011,and adopt ICF concepts and methods to define and classify disabilities,considering body function and structure,activity and participation,and environmental factors.However,due to different purposes,their grading methods and levels vary:except for Classification and Grading of Disabilities for Persons with Disabilities,which uses a four-level grading system,the other standards use a ten-level system,primarily based on body func-tion and structure.In disability assessment,the recommended methods differ by category,showing significant variability.Due to differing classification and grading methods,disability data from various standards are lack in comparability.The international trend advocates for a unified disability standard framework based on ICF and ICD-11 to enhance the comparability and exchangeability of disability data.