Breast cancer prevention and treatment have become major issues that urgently need to be addressed in the field of global public health. As a key pathological transitional stage in the progression of breast cancer， preneoplastic breast cancer （PBC） carries a significant risk of clinical transformation. Effective intervention in the progression of PBC is of great clinical significance in preventing the occurrence of breast cancer. Pathological studies have shown that abnormal angiogenesis is a key mechanism driving the transformation of PBC into breast cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF）， as a core regulatory molecule that promotes angiogenesis， plays a pivotal role in this process. The malignant transformation of PBC is closely associated with the abnormal activation of the VEGF-mediated pro-angiogenic network. Although modern medicine has achieved certain therapeutic effects through surgery and endocrine therapy， clinical limitations such as invasiveness， drug resistance， and adverse reactions still exist. Recent studies have demonstrated that the VEGF signaling system mediates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase （MAPK） pathway. In addition， the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α （HIF-1α）/VEGF signaling pathway and the delta-like ligand 4 （DLL4）/Notch receptor 1 （Notch1） signaling pathway， together with other pathways， form a complex regulatory network that plays a central role in angiogenesis during PBC. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， characterized by multi-component synergy， multi-pathway regulation， and high safety， demonstrates significant advantages in inhibiting pathological angiogenesis and blocking PBC progression by targeting the VEGF signaling pathway. From the perspective of VEGF pathway regulation， this paper systematically reviews the latest research progress on TCM in inhibiting angiogenesis and intervening in PBC， and discusses its mechanisms and application value in the early prevention and treatment of PBC， with the aim of providing references for optimizing clinical intervention strategies for PBC.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory human adenovirus(H AdV)infections in hospitalized children in Ningbo,and to provide data for formulating infection prevention and control strategies for HAdV.METHODS A total of 65 022 children hospitalized with respiratory infections at the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University from Jul.2019 to Dec.2024 were selected as the study sub-jects.Multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect 11 non-bacterial pathogens.Basic and clinical information of the children was collected for analysis.RESULTS A total of 65 022 specimens were tested,with 4 292 cases tested positive for HAdV positivity,yielding a positive rate of 6.60％.The lowest positive rate was observed in 2023(3.22％),while the highest was in 2024(13.97％).Compared to the years 2019-2023,the overall HAdV positive rate was high in 2024,peaking at 26.80％in Jun.,indicating an outbreak.The total HAdV positive rate was higher in boys(6.82％)than in girls(6.32％)(P=0.006).The highest HAdV positive rate was observed in the 2 to＜6 age group(9.00％),while the lowest was in the 0 to＜1 age group(2.33％).Among the HAdV-positive specimens,2 658 cases(61.93％)were single infections,and 1 634 cases(38.07％)were co-infections.The non-bacterial respiratory pathogens with the highest co-infection rates were human rhinovirus(34.09％),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(20.44％)and human parainfluenza virus(5.75％).CONCLUSIONS A n outbreak of HAdV infections is observed among hospitalized children in Ningbo in 2024.Higher positive rates are found in boys aged 2 to＜6 years,with a certain proportion of co-infections.

[Purpose]To investigate the potential causal relationships between serum levels of trace elements and head and neck cancers.[Methods]Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of oral cancer,oropharyngeal cancer,laryngeal cancer and thyroid cancer,associated with calcium,copper,iron,magnesium,zinc,were obtained from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighting(IVW)method by calculating odds ratio(OR)and 95％confidence interval(CI).Pleiotropy was assessed using MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger regression,and sensitivity analysis was conducted via the"leave-one-out"method.[Results]IVW analysis revealed a causal association between serum magnesium levels and the incidence of oral cancer(OR=0.976,95％CI:0.956～0.997,P=0.025),also between thyroid cancer and serum calcium levels(OR=1.008,95％CI:1.001～1.015,P=0.023).No significant causal associations were observed between other trace ele-ments and head and neck cancers(all P＞0.05).[Conclusion]This MR study suggests that serum magnesium levels serve as a protective factor against oral cancer,while thyroid cancer leads to el-evated serum calcium levels.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male urological malignancies,in which bone metastasis of desmo-plasia-resistant prostate cancer is an important stage in the progression of the disease,which seriously affects the quality of life and survival of patients.With the development of nuclide therapy technology in recent years,223-Ra,as a new type of alpha-targeted therapy,has shown good efficacy in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis.The purpose of this pa-per is to review the characteristics,mechanism of action,treatment,and the main research results of its treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis,and provide a comprehensive review of the clinical application of 223-Ra in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis for the clinical application of 223-Ra in prostate cancer bone metastasis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory human adenovirus(H AdV)infections in hospitalized children in Ningbo,and to provide data for formulating infection prevention and control strategies for HAdV.METHODS A total of 65 022 children hospitalized with respiratory infections at the Women and Children's Hospital of Ningbo University from Jul.2019 to Dec.2024 were selected as the study sub-jects.Multiple reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect 11 non-bacterial pathogens.Basic and clinical information of the children was collected for analysis.RESULTS A total of 65 022 specimens were tested,with 4 292 cases tested positive for HAdV positivity,yielding a positive rate of 6.60％.The lowest positive rate was observed in 2023(3.22％),while the highest was in 2024(13.97％).Compared to the years 2019-2023,the overall HAdV positive rate was high in 2024,peaking at 26.80％in Jun.,indicating an outbreak.The total HAdV positive rate was higher in boys(6.82％)than in girls(6.32％)(P=0.006).The highest HAdV positive rate was observed in the 2 to＜6 age group(9.00％),while the lowest was in the 0 to＜1 age group(2.33％).Among the HAdV-positive specimens,2 658 cases(61.93％)were single infections,and 1 634 cases(38.07％)were co-infections.The non-bacterial respiratory pathogens with the highest co-infection rates were human rhinovirus(34.09％),Mycoplasma pneumoniae(20.44％)and human parainfluenza virus(5.75％).CONCLUSIONS A n outbreak of HAdV infections is observed among hospitalized children in Ningbo in 2024.Higher positive rates are found in boys aged 2 to＜6 years,with a certain proportion of co-infections.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common male urological malignancies,in which bone metastasis of desmo-plasia-resistant prostate cancer is an important stage in the progression of the disease,which seriously affects the quality of life and survival of patients.With the development of nuclide therapy technology in recent years,223-Ra,as a new type of alpha-targeted therapy,has shown good efficacy in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis.The purpose of this pa-per is to review the characteristics,mechanism of action,treatment,and the main research results of its treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis,and provide a comprehensive review of the clinical application of 223-Ra in the treatment of desmoplasia-resistant prostate cancer bone metastasis for the clinical application of 223-Ra in prostate cancer bone metastasis.

[Purpose]To investigate the potential causal relationships between serum levels of trace elements and head and neck cancers.[Methods]Single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)of oral cancer,oropharyngeal cancer,laryngeal cancer and thyroid cancer,associated with calcium,copper,iron,magnesium,zinc,were obtained from genome-wide association studies(GWAS).A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis was performed using the inverse variance weighting(IVW)method by calculating odds ratio(OR)and 95％confidence interval(CI).Pleiotropy was assessed using MR-PRESSO and MR-Egger regression,and sensitivity analysis was conducted via the"leave-one-out"method.[Results]IVW analysis revealed a causal association between serum magnesium levels and the incidence of oral cancer(OR=0.976,95％CI:0.956～0.997,P=0.025),also between thyroid cancer and serum calcium levels(OR=1.008,95％CI:1.001～1.015,P=0.023).No significant causal associations were observed between other trace ele-ments and head and neck cancers(all P＞0.05).[Conclusion]This MR study suggests that serum magnesium levels serve as a protective factor against oral cancer,while thyroid cancer leads to el-evated serum calcium levels.

To analyze the infection and drug-resistant gene 23S rRNA mutations of mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in hospitalized children aged 0-17 in Ningbo City from 2019 to 2023. Throat swabs were collected from hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Ningbo University Affiliated Women and Children′s Hospital from 2019 to 2023. They were subjected to real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection to analyze Mp infection and drug-resistant gene (23S rRNA) mutations. Intergroup comparisons were made by the Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method. A total of 18 968 hospitalized children were included, with a total positive rate of 30.37% (5 760/18 968). The total positive rate of drug-resistant gene mutations was 82.45% (4 749/5 760). The positive rate of Mp in male children was 29.26%, which was lower than that in female children (31.67%, χ 2=12.948, P<0.001). The positive rate of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations in male children was 82.52%, which was higher than that in female children(82.37%, χ 2=0.021, P=0.885). The positive rates of Mp increased with age ( χ 2=1 722.21, P<0.001). The positive rates of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations also increased with age ( χ 2=13.152, P<0.001). In the four seasons, the total positive rate of Mp in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in winter and spring ( χ 2=1 085.149, P<0.001). Among them, the Mp positive rates in the summer and autumn of 2019 were as high as 38.26% and 34.49%, while in the summer and autumn of 2020, the Mp positive rates were 2.55% and 1.65%, respectively, which were the lowest in previous years. In the summer and autumn of 2023, the Mp positive rates increased to 47.22% and 51.06%. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations among the four seasons. In Conclusion, Mp infection was more prevalent in the summer and autumn in Ningbo city and females and children aged 7-17 were more susceptible. The epidemic of Mp infection in Ningbo occurred in the summer of 2019. After the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the positive rate of Mp rapidly decreased and later remained in a low incidence state. After the lifting of restrictive prevention and control measures in 2023, the Mp positive rate returned to an epidemic state. The positive rate of Mp drug-resistant gene (23S rRNA) mutations was relatively high.

To analyze the infection and drug-resistant gene 23S rRNA mutations of mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in hospitalized children aged 0-17 in Ningbo City from 2019 to 2023. Throat swabs were collected from hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections in Ningbo University Affiliated Women and Children′s Hospital from 2019 to 2023. They were subjected to real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection to analyze Mp infection and drug-resistant gene (23S rRNA) mutations. Intergroup comparisons were made by the Chi-square test or Fisher′s exact probability method. A total of 18 968 hospitalized children were included, with a total positive rate of 30.37% (5 760/18 968). The total positive rate of drug-resistant gene mutations was 82.45% (4 749/5 760). The positive rate of Mp in male children was 29.26%, which was lower than that in female children (31.67%, χ 2=12.948, P<0.001). The positive rate of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations in male children was 82.52%, which was higher than that in female children(82.37%, χ 2=0.021, P=0.885). The positive rates of Mp increased with age ( χ 2=1 722.21, P<0.001). The positive rates of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations also increased with age ( χ 2=13.152, P<0.001). In the four seasons, the total positive rate of Mp in summer and autumn was significantly higher than that in winter and spring ( χ 2=1 085.149, P<0.001). Among them, the Mp positive rates in the summer and autumn of 2019 were as high as 38.26% and 34.49%, while in the summer and autumn of 2020, the Mp positive rates were 2.55% and 1.65%, respectively, which were the lowest in previous years. In the summer and autumn of 2023, the Mp positive rates increased to 47.22% and 51.06%. There was no statistically significant difference in the detection rate of Mp drug-resistant gene mutations among the four seasons. In Conclusion, Mp infection was more prevalent in the summer and autumn in Ningbo city and females and children aged 7-17 were more susceptible. The epidemic of Mp infection in Ningbo occurred in the summer of 2019. After the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the positive rate of Mp rapidly decreased and later remained in a low incidence state. After the lifting of restrictive prevention and control measures in 2023, the Mp positive rate returned to an epidemic state. The positive rate of Mp drug-resistant gene (23S rRNA) mutations was relatively high.

Objective To determine the anti-lung cancer effect of koumine(KOU)and total alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans Benth(TAG)and investigate the underlying mechanism.Methods After low,medium and high concentrations(100,150,200 μg/mL)of KOU were used to treat human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and SPCA1,Live Cell Imaging and Analysis by Sartorius colony formation assay was employed to detect the cell proliferation.The transplanted tumor model of lung cancer cells in mice was constructed and divided into model group(model group),cyclophosphamide group(CTX group,20 mg/kg),KOU group(2 mg/kg)and TAG group(0.5 mg/kg).After the mice of the CTX,KOU and TAG groups were intraperitoneally injected with 0.1 mL/10 g corresponding agents every other day for 10 d,the growth of lung cancer solid tumors was observed grossly and with HE staining,immunohistochemical(IHC)assay and TUNEL staining to and calculate the tumor size and growth inhibitory rate.RNA sequencing analysis was performed on A549 cells treated with TAG for 48 h to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the treatment group and the control group,and the obtained DEGs were further analyzed with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)and Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analyses.RT-qPCR was applied to further analyze and verify the expression of related genes.Results Live Cell Imaging and Analysis fitted that the confluence of A549 and SPCA1 cells was decreased and the number of cells in the treated groups was observed to decrease,with poor growth.The results of colony formation assay confirmed that KOU reduced the number of cell clones,especially at a dose of 200 μg/mL(P＜0.01).Animal experiments showed that KOU and TAG treatment inhibited the tumor growth by 24.55％and 36.08％,respectively.TAG treatment resulted in significantly decreased tumor size when compared with the model group(P＜0.05).RNA sequencing analysis revealed that there were totally 2 793 DEGs,including 1 433 up-regulated genes and 1 360 down-regulated ones.Enrichment analysis displayed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in IL-17 signaling pathway,tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway and P53 signaling pathway.The results of RT-qPCR were consistent with the results of RNA sequencing analysis.The expression levels of GADD34,ZFP36,GADD45 A,GADD45 B and TP53INP2 genes were significantly increased in the TAG group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Alkaloids of Gelsemium elegans Benth inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer in vivo and in vitro.Transcriptomics find that KOU and TAG inhibit multiple DEGs and pathways of lung cancer.