BACKGROUND:Chitosan has a place in the biomedical field due to its good biological properties and unique physicochemical properties,especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery with good application prospects.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of the role of chitosan in the repair and regeneration of oral soft and hard tissues.METHODS:A computerized search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed with the search terms"chitosan,oral mucosal diseases,periodontal diseases,tissue regeneration,bacteriostatic,drug carrier,wound healing"in Chinese and English.The search time limit was from 2010 to 2024.After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,88 articles were finally included for summary analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Chitosan is a promising biomaterial in bone and pulp regeneration as it has the ability to stimulate the recruitment and adhesion of osteogenic progenitor cells and dental pulp stem cells.Chitosan prevents caries,periodontal disease,and candidiasis by inhibiting Streptococcus pyogenes,Porphyromonas gingivalis,and Candida in the oral cavity.Chitosan nanocomposites have higher stability,better biocompatibility,and slow-release properties of drugs and can be enhanced by combining with other chemical reagents to enhance their anticancer properties.Chitosan possesses drug delivery,antibacterial activity,hemostasis and wound healing,which in turn can block the erosion of wounds by saliva and oral flora,relieve pain,repair and promote wound healing.Chitosan promotes the deposition of calcified material,which is conducive to the remineralisation of enamel and dentin.

BACKGROUND:Chitosan has a place in the biomedical field due to its good biological properties and unique physicochemical properties,especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery with good application prospects.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the research progress of the role of chitosan in the repair and regeneration of oral soft and hard tissues.METHODS:A computerized search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed with the search terms"chitosan,oral mucosal diseases,periodontal diseases,tissue regeneration,bacteriostatic,drug carrier,wound healing"in Chinese and English.The search time limit was from 2010 to 2024.After screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,88 articles were finally included for summary analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Chitosan is a promising biomaterial in bone and pulp regeneration as it has the ability to stimulate the recruitment and adhesion of osteogenic progenitor cells and dental pulp stem cells.Chitosan prevents caries,periodontal disease,and candidiasis by inhibiting Streptococcus pyogenes,Porphyromonas gingivalis,and Candida in the oral cavity.Chitosan nanocomposites have higher stability,better biocompatibility,and slow-release properties of drugs and can be enhanced by combining with other chemical reagents to enhance their anticancer properties.Chitosan possesses drug delivery,antibacterial activity,hemostasis and wound healing,which in turn can block the erosion of wounds by saliva and oral flora,relieve pain,repair and promote wound healing.Chitosan promotes the deposition of calcified material,which is conducive to the remineralisation of enamel and dentin.

ObjectiveTo investigate the ability of clinically isolated， Helicobacter pylori （H. pylori）-specific gene polymerase chain reaction （PCR）-positive gastric， vaginal， and fecal Candida to release H. pylori. MethodsResuscitate 4 strains of H. pylori -specific 16S rDNA and ureA gene PCR-positive Candida strains isolated in laboratory from clinical sources， including 1 strain of gastric Candida， 1 strain of fecal Candida， 2 strains of vaginal Candida and the standard Candida albicans strain ATCC10231 （Ca10231）. The presence of H. pylori-specific ureA in the 5 strains of Candida isolates was confirmed by PCR. The aforementioned strains of Candida and H.pylori were inoculated into urea medium and cultured in a constant temperature incubator at 37 ℃. The color change of the medium was observed daily. A change in the medium's color from yellow to red indicated the presence of urease activity. Then， the five strains of Candida and H. pylori were co-incubated with the magnetic beads coated with H. pylori antibodies respectively. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） was employed to observe the presence of bacilli adsorbed on the surface of the magnetic beads. PCR was used to detect the presence of H.pylori-specific 16S rDNA and ureA genes on magnetic beads. ResultsThe PCR analysis of the ureA gene in the four Candida isolates was positive， whereas the Ca10231 strain tested negative. Upon culturing the four Candida isolates on urea medium， the medium color changed from yellow to red which was determined to be urease positive， while the medium containing Ca10231 remained unchanged， which was urease negative. SEM revealed that bacilli could be observed on the surface of magnetic beads co-incubated with the 4 strains of Candida of clinical origin and H.pylori isolate. Specifically， PCR testing of the magnetic beads co-incubated with one vaginal Candida， one gastric Candida and H.pylori isolate showed positive results for the 16S rDNA and ureA genes of H. pylori； however， the PCR tests for the two genes were negative for the magnetic beads co-incubated with the other two Candida isolate. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that H. pylori-specific genes Candida can release H. pylori.

Background In recent years, the National Health Commission of China organized surveys on the awareness of nutrition and health knowledge among Chinese adults aged 18 to 64. Shanghai, as a core sample with benchmark significance in terms of economic level, geographical location, and population structure, still lacks sufficient real-time and effective research data. Objective To estimate the awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge of Shanghai residents aged 18-64 in Shanghai from 2022 to 2023, identify shortcomings in nutritional health knowledge and potential influencing factors to clarify the core issues that need to be addressed urgently. Methods According to the questionnaire and scoring standard designed by the National Institute of Nutrition and Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, a stratified random sampling strategy was employed by urban/rural areas, regions, age, and gender and considering invalid questionnaires and refusal rates. Therefore, 1680 residents were selected in 4 survey sites in Shanghai. The survey subjects were grouped according to gender, marital status, age, education level, and occupation. t-test or analysis of variance was used to compare the average scores of nutritional health knowledge among different groups of respondents; chi-square test was used to analyze the awareness rate of nutritional health knowledge among respondents in different groups; and binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results The nutrition and health knowledge score among Shanghai residents aged 18–64 was 73.45 ± 11.51, with an awareness rate of 53.14%. The food characteristics category had the lowest correct response rate at 66.39%. The mean scores of different genders were significantly different (t=−2.12, P=0.034), and the female group had higher scores than the male group. Significant differences in average scores and awareness rates were observed among age (F=10.95, P < 0.001; χ²=24.62, P < 0.001), educational level (F=46.01, P < 0.001; χ²=119.34, P < 0.001) , and industry groups (F=10.97, P < 0.001; χ²=56.30, P < 0.001). The logistic model showed that better knowledge awareness of nutrition and health in residents with high school, technical school, and above education (OR=1.959−3.622) than those with primary education or below; and worse in argo-food processing industry; manufacturing industry; agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery; and other occupational residents than those in medical and health institutions (OR=0.458-0.504). Conclusion At present, residents’ understanding of food characteristics is particularly weak. Education level and occupation are the key factors influencing residents’ awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge. Targeted and effective measures should be taken to improve the nutritional quality of residents.

ObjectiveTo investigate the key targets of Jianpi Yiqi prescription （JYP） in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） based on network pharmacology and explore the effect of JYP on the invasion and proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via protein tyrosine phosphatase， non-receptor type 1 （PTPN1） by bioinformatics analysis and CRISPR/Cas9. MethodsThe potential targets of JYP in the treatment of HCC were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， SwissTargetPrediction， GeneCards， NCBI， and CTD. Additionally， the active components of JYP that could interact with PTPN1 were screened out， and then molecular docking between the targets and active components was performed in Autodock 4.0. UALCAN， HPA， and LinkedOmics were used to analyze the expression of PTPN1 in the HCC tissue， and the relationship of PTPN1 expression with the overall survival （OS） of HCC patients was discussed. CRISPR/Cas9 was used to knock down the expression of PTPN1 in HepG2 and SK-hep-1 cells， and the knockdown effect was examined by sequencing， Real-time PCR， and Western blot. HepG2 cells were classified into blank control， low-， medium-， and high-dose JYP （5.25， 10.5， 21 g·kg^-1）， and PTPN1 knockout groups. Real-time PCR and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels， respectively， of PTPN1 in HepG2 cells of each group. The effects of JYP and PTPN1 knockdown on the proliferation， invasion， and apoptosis of HepG2 cells were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8 （CCK-8）， Transwell， and Annexin V-FITC/PI methods， respectively. ResultsJYP had the most active components targeting PTPN1， and 31 of the active components had the binding energy less than -5.0 kcal·mol^-1 in molecular docking. The mRNA and protein levels of PTPN1 in the HCC tissue were higher than those in the normal tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with that in the normal tissue， the mRNA level of PTPN1 in the HCC tissue was up-regulated at the pathological stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ and grades G₁-G₃ （P<0.01）， and it was not significantly up-regulated at the stage Ⅳ or grade G₄. The mRNA level of PTPN1 in the TP53-mutated HCC tissue was higher than that in the TP53-unmutated HCC tissue （P<0.01）. The high mRNA level of PTPN1 was associated with the OS reduction （P<0.01）. After treatment with the JYP-containing serum or knockdown of PTPN1， HepG2 cells demonstrated decreased proliferation and invasion and increased apoptosis （P<0.01）. ConclusionPTPN1 may be one of the core targets of JYP in the treatment of HCC. It is highly expressed in the HCC tissue and cells， which is associated with the poor prognosis of patients. The expression level of PTPN1 is significantly up-regulated in the HCC tissue of the patients with TP53 mutation. However， TP53 mutation or deletion does not affect the expression of PTPN1 in HCC cells. JYP can significantly down-regulate the expression of PTPN1 to inhibit the proliferation and invasion and promote the apoptosis of HCC cells.

Objective To observe CT and MRI manifestations of polymorphous low-grade neuroepithelial tumor of the young(PLNTY).Methods Totally 21 cases of PLNTY confirmed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled,and CT and MRI manifestations of the lesions were observed.Results Single supratentorial tumor was found in all 21 cases,including 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal type,6 cases of diffuse brain parenchymal type and 2 cases of extra parenchymal type PLNTY.Diffusion weighted imaging(DWI)showed no diffusion limitation in all 21 cases,and a few cases with mild peritumoral edema.Among 13 cases of isolated brain parenchymal PLNTY,7 cases presented as calcified nodules,5 cases presented as cystic lesions and 1 case as solid nodule.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 11 cases,while mild local enhancement was observed in 2 cases.Six cases of diffuse brain parenchymal PLNTY presented as diffuse thickening of the cortex in lesion area,with abnormal signals in the subcortical white matter in 4 cases.After administration of contrast agents,no enhancement was found in 4 cases,while mild local enhancement was noticed in 2 cases.Two cases of extra parenchymal PLNTY presented as solid mass with calcification,with equal density on CT and mild local enhancement on enhanced MRI.Conclusion CT and MRI manifestations of PLNTY had certain characteristics.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

Objective To establish a quantifiable quality control index system for infection management in neonatal specialty hospitals for the comprehensive evaluation of neonatal healthcare-associated infection(HAI)management quality,and to promote the continuous enhancement and improvement of neonatal HAI management quality.Methods The framework of the index system was preliminarily established through literature research and focus group discussion,the indexes were repeatedly screened using Delphi expert consultation approach,and the weights of each index were determined using the analytic hierarchy process.The empirical study of the established index sys-tem was conducted using TOPSIS method and rank sum ratio method.Results Three rounds of expert consultation were conducted,and the effective response rate of the questionnaire was 100％.The authoritative coefficient of the third round of expert consultation was 0.89,and the Kendall's coefficient of concordance for expert opinion was 0.322.The established index system included 3 first-level indexes,6 second-level indexes,and 16 third-level inde-xes.Thirteen of third-level indexes could be directly obtained from the hospital information system.Conclusion The quality control index system for neonatal HAI management established in this study is relatively scientific,with rational weights and all quantifiable indexes.It can be used for vertical and horizontal evaluations of neonatal HAI management quality,providing a reference for the continuous improvement of neonatal HAI management work.

Objective:To explore the relapse-related genes and their clinicopathological connections of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:Targeted panel sequencing was conducted on 32 eligible DLBCL samples; the patients were diagnosed, treated, and went into complete remission at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2015 to December 2019, including 14 cases with recurrence (relapsed group) and 18 cases with long-term complete remission of over five years (remission group). Clinical and pathological data were further reviewed. Fisher′s exact test was employed to compare the differences in clinicopathological characteristics and mutation patterns between the two groups.Results:Among the 32 patients, there were 18 males and 14 females, with a male to female ratio of 1.3∶1.0 and a median age of 53 (45.5, 67.0) years. In the relapsed group, PIM1 (11/14), KMT2D (7/14), PRDM1 (6/14), MYD88 (6/14), DTX1 (6/14) emerged as the most frequently mutated genes. In the remission group, while recurrent PIM1, KMT2D and MYD88 mutations were also observed, the TP53 gene exhibited the highest mutation frequency (6/18). Compared to the remission group, relapsed group showed elevated mutation frequencies of PIM1 ( P=0.013) and FAT4 ( P=0.010), alongside a reduced incidence of TP53 mutations. In all 32 patients, DLBCL with CD79B, CCND3, DTX1, KMT2D and PRDM1 mutations demonstrated a propensity towards advanced clinicopathologic stage. Conclusions:Relapsed DLBCL has distinctive clinicopathological and genetic features. PIM1 and FAT4 may be served as potential biomarkers for screening relapsed DLBCL-NOS and as targets for novel therapeutic strategies.