AIM: To investigate the features of retinal peripheral defocus and its associated variables in unilateral myopia. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included consecutive anisometropic myopic patients who visited Center for Optometry and Visual Science from August 2023 to March 2025 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Eyes were classified based on spherical equivalent(SE)and uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA): myopic eyes(SE ≤-0.50 D, UCVA <0.2 LogMAR)and contralateral normal eyes(SE ≥-0.25, UCVA ≥0 LogMAR). Total relative defocus value(TRDV)across the visual field, RDV at 15°, 30°, and 45°(RDV-15, RDV-30, RDV-45), and quadrant-specific RDV(superior/RDV-S, inferior/RDV-I, temporal/RDV-T, nasal/RDV-N)were compared between groups.RESULTS: This study enrolled 81 anisometropic patients(81 myopic eyes, 81 contralateral normal eyes). The cohort comprised 42 males and 39 females, 47 patients aged 8-12 y and 34 patients aged 13-17 y(mean age: 11.8±2.4 y). Myopic eyes demonstrated significantly higher values in TRDV, RDV-30, RDV-45, RDV-I, RDV-S, RDV-N, and RDV-T versus contralateral normal eyes(all P<0.001). RDV-15 showed no significant difference between groups in either 8-12-year-olds or 13-17-year-olds(both P>0.05). Among 13-17-year-olds, RDV-S also exhibited no intergroup difference(P>0.05). All other parameters differed significantly across both age strata(all P<0.05). In myopic eyes, age positively correlated with TRDV(r=0.31, P=0.005), RDV-30(r=0.33, P=0.002), RDV-45(r=0.32, P=0.004), and RDV-N(r=0.37, P<0.001). In contralateral eyes, scotopic pupil diameter negatively correlated with TRDV(r=-0.25, P=0.03), RDV-45(r=-0.25, P=0.02), RDV-S(r=-0.29, P=0.008), and RDV-N(r=-0.27, P=0.014). And age positively correlated with RDV-N(r=0.30, P= 0.006), axial length positively correlated with RDV-T(r=0.30, P=0.006). CONCLUSION: The peripheral defocus of unilateral myopic eyes varies from that of their contralateral normal counterparts. The former presents hyperopic defocus, which augments with age, while the latter displays myopic defocus, which accentuates with the increase of the scotopic pupil size.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Guangxi from 2012 to 2024, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence data of mumps in Guangxi from 2012 to 2024. Results A total of 159 873 mumps cases were reported from 2012 to 2024 in Guangxi, with an average annual reported incidence of 25.41/100 000, and no death. Mumps occurred every month, with the peak incidence mainly concentrated in April to July and October to January of the next year. There were 96,118 male cases (29.43 /100 000), and 63 755 female cases (21.07 /100 000). The male to female ratio was 1.40:1, and the difference between male and female was significant (χ²=4 321.276，P＜0.05). The annual incidence of mumps showed a certain periodic change, with the incidence peak and trough alternating every 4 - 5 years. The majority of patients were under 15 years old, accounting for 85.32% of the total number of cases. The patients mainly included students, preschool children and scattered children. The highest average incidence was in Nanning City with 40 231 cases (42.08/100 000), and the lowest was in Qinzhou City with 3 466 cases (8.16/100 000). From 2012 to 2024, a total of 210 mumps outbreaks with 4 483 cases were reported in Guangxi. Conclusion The incidence of mumps in Guangxi from 2012 to 2024 shows a periodic change and obvious seasonality. People under 15 years old are the key group at risk of mumps. The prevention and control of the epidemic of mumps in schools and kindergartens should be strengthened. It is suggested to carry out long-term monitoring of mumps as well as immune effect research, and continue to maintain a high vaccination rate of 2 doses of mumps-containing vaccines.

AIM: To investigate the effect of accommodation on peripheral refraction in patients with myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 105 patients(105 eyes)with myopia were consecutively recruited in this study. According to the degree of myopia, patients were divided into high myopia(SE≤-6.00 D), moderate myopia(-6.00 D0.017).CONCLUSION: The accommodation can affect the peripheral defocus in myopic patients, and the effect on moderate and low myopia is greater than that of high myopia.

Haloacetic acids(HAAs),as a class of disinfection byproducts in drinking water,pose potential threats to human health,so the rapid,accurate and simultaneous detection of HAAs is of great significance for ensuring drinking water safety.Aiming at the challenges in HAAs detection and risk analysis,a novel method for synchronous rapid detection of seven kinds of HAAs in drinking water based on in situ derivatization technology and headspace gas chromatography was developed in this study.Through single-factor optimization experiments,the optimal reaction parameters for in situ derivatization were determined,including the type and dosage of salting-out agent,the acidity of reaction system,the amount of phase transfer catalyst,the dosage of derivatization agent,and the extraction solvent volume.Methodologic validation showed that the seven kinds of HAAs exhibited excellent linear relationships within their respective detection concentration ranges(R2>0.998).The method detection limits(MDLs)ranged from 0.04 to 0.33 μg/L,and the limits of quantification(LOQs)were between 0.14 and 1.34 μg/L.For real water samples,the average spiked recoveries of the seven HAAs ranged from 90.9%to 107.7%,with relative standard deviation(RSDs)between 1.55%and 6.49%,and the HAAs contents in all tested samples were below the limits specified in the Standards for Drinking Water Quality(GB 5749-2022)of China.This method was featured with simple operation,fast analysis speed,high sensitivity,and good accuracy,providing an efficient and reliable technical support for routine monitoring of HAAs contaminants in drinking water and showing promising application value for widespread promotion.

BackgroundPatients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders exhibit abnormalities in perceptual processing. Previous perceptual studies are mainly based on asking participants to fill in a questionnaire， and little research has been undertaken on objective behavior in patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders. ObjectiveTo explore the behavioral changes in vibrotactile sense among patients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders， so as to enrich relevant findings in objective behavioral research. MethodsFrom March 2021 to September 2023， 33 patients with schizophrenia and 31 patients with depressive disorders in the outpatient and inpatient departments of Beijing Huilongguan Hospital and met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria were enrolled. And another 34 healthy controls were concurrently recruited at Beihang University and Beijing Huilongguan Hospital. Patients with schizophrenia were assessed using Positive and Negative Symptom Scale （PANSS）， and patients with depressive disorders were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）. The vibrotactile sensitivity of the left hand in all participants was tested in a delay match-to-sample procedure， and the correct rate of vibrotactile delayed discrimination task was compared among the three groups. ResultsCompared with healthy controls， a reduction was found in the correct rates at index finger， middle finger and ring finger in patients with schizophrenia （P<0.01）， the average correct rate at five fingers in patients with schizophrenia （P=0.001）， and the correct rate at thumb in patients with depressive disorders （P=0.026）. No statistical difference was reported in correct rate of vibrotactile delayed discrimination task between patients with depression disorders and schizophrenia （P>0.05）. The average correct rate of vibrotactile sense in schizophrenia group was not significantly correlated with the duration of disease， age of onset， chlorpromazine equivalent doses and PANSS score （r=0.058、0.045、0.114、-0.194， P>0.05）. The average correct rate in depressive group was negatively correlated with age of onset （r=-0.415， P=0.020）， but not significantly correlated with the duration of disease and HAMD-17 score （r=-0.044， 0.142， P>0.05）. ConclusionPatients with schizophrenia and depressive disorders have impaired vibrotactile sense. The vibrotactile sense is impaired in index， middle and ring fingers among patients with schizophrenia， and in thumbs of patients with depressive disorders. Moreover， the impairment in patients with depressive disorders may be related to the age of onset. ［Funded by 2023 Hebei Provincial Graduate Innovation Funding Project （number， CXZZSS2023140）］

The efficient clinical treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC)is still a challenge that demands the development of effective new drugs.Phenformin has been shown to produce more potent anti-tumor activities than metformin on different tumors,however,not much is known about the influence of phenformin on OSCC cells.We found that phenformin suppresses OSCC cell proliferation,and promotes OSCC cell autophagy and apoptosis to significantly inhibit OSCC cell growth both in vivo and in vitro.RNA-seq analysis revealed that autophagy pathways were the main targets of phenformin and identified two new targets DDIT4(DNA damage inducible transcript 4)and NIBAN1(niban apoptosis regulator 1).We found that phenformin significantly induces the expression of both DDIT4 and NIBAN1 to promote OSCC autophagy.Further,the enhanced expression of DDIT4 and NIBAN1 elicited by phenformin was not blocked by the knockdown of AMPK but was suppressed by the knockdown of transcription factor ATF4(activation transcription factor 4),which was induced by phenformin treatment in OSCC cells.Mechanistically,these results revealed that phenformin triggers endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress to activate PERK(protein kinase R-like ER kinase),which phosphorylates the transitional initial factor eIF2,and the increased phosphorylation of eIF2 leads to the increased translation of ATF4.In summary,we discovered that phenformin induces its new targets DDIT4 and especially NIBAN1 to promote autophagic and apoptotic cell death to suppress OSCC cell growth.Our study supports the potential clinical utility of phenformin for OSCC treatment in the future.

Polygalae Radix can calm the mind, enhance intelligence, dispel phlegm, and open the orifices. Often administered in combination with herbs such as Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Polygalae Radix is frequently prescribed for the management of Alzheimer's disease. Rhizoma Polygalae and its chemical constituents play an important role in the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease by acting on multiple targets and regulating multiple signaling pathways, such as inhibiting tau protein hyperphosphorylation, antioxidant stress, regulating cholinergic system, improving neuroinflammation, regulating β-amyloid abnormal metabolism, etc. Compound prescriptions composed of Polygalae Radix, such as Kaixin Powder, Yuanzhi Powder, Dihuang Decoction, Anshen Dingzhi Prescription, etc., also have anti-Alzheimer's disease effects and are widely used in clinical practice.

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Objective Pertussis cases have increased markedly since 2018 in Guangxi.The aim of this study was to evaluate antibody levels and the infection status of pertussis in the resident population. Method A total of 10,215 serum samples from residents were collected from August-November 2018 and tested for anti-pertussis IgG and toxin IgG using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results Of the collected samples,1,833(17.94%)tested positive for anti-pertussis IgG,with the median concentration of 16.06 IU/mL.Antibody level<10 IU/mL accounted for more than 60%in children under 4 years of age,but declined with age,whereas the percentages of the other three levels(10-40,40-50,and≥50 IU/mL)increased almost with age(P<0.001).Moreover,7,924 samples were selected for anti-pertussis toxin IgG,of which 653(8.24%)tested positive(≥40 IU/mL)with the median concentration of 5.89 IU/mL,and 204 participants(2.56%)had recent pertussis infection(≥100 IU/mL).Among the different age groups,the highest rates of positivity and recent infection were observed at 11-20 years of age,the lowest positivity rate at 5 years of age,and the lowest recent infection rate at 4 years of age(P<0.001,P=0.005,respectively). Conclusion The survey results showed that all age groups in Guangxi lacked immunity against pertussis,which was one of the main factors contributing to the resurgence of pertussis in 2018.In addition,the prevalence of pertussis is relatively high in Guangxi,and its incidence is seriously underestimated,especially in adolescents and adults.

Under the"New Medicine"context,how to integrate medical engineering technology into modern teaching methods has become a key approach to enhancing the quality and efficiency of medical education.This paper aims to advance medical education and teaching reforms,promote the comprehensive improvement in the quality of higher education,and focus on enhancing the quality of medical talent cultivation.For this purpose,the authors proposed an innovative intelligent classroom teaching model,based on artificial intelligence technology.This model utilized advanced camera technology to capture students'facial expressions in real-time,combining artificial intelligence algorithms to analyze students'understanding of medical concepts,and assisted teachers in adjusting classroom teaching strategies in real-time to improve learning effectiveness.This approach has significantly enhanced the overall quality and efficiency of medical education and is of great significance for cultivating versatile medical professionals with high levels of expertise and practical skills.