Objective:To investigate the attention level of oral medicine residents in standardized training (referred to as residency training) to oral aesthetic information and its influencing factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, which included 262 residents undergoing standardized training at Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University in January 2020. Among them, there were 73 males and 189 females, with an age range of 23-33 (26±2) years. A questionnaire survey method was used, and the questionnaire included the basic characteristics of the subjects (gender, grade, major, identity, and having training experience in prosthodontic base or not) as well as their attention to oral aesthetic information (facial proportions, facial midline, smile line, facial contour, E-line, nasolabial angle, tooth shape and contour, and tooth proportions). Differences in the attention to oral aesthetic information among residents with different basic characteristics were compared, and a multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors.Results:Among the 262 oral medicine residents, 256 (97.7%) believed that it was necessary to pay attention to oral aesthetic information. The differences in attention to facial proportions between residents of different genders and between those with and without training experience in the prosthodontic base were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that male residents were less likely to pay attention to facial proportions compared with female residents ( OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.88). Compared with residents specializing in orthodontics, non-orthodontic residents were less likely to pay attention to the E-line ( OR=0.14-0.27, 95% CI: 0.04-0.68) and nasolabial angle ( OR=0.14-0.31, 95% CI: 0.04-0.81). Residents who were graduate students with integrated four certificates were more likely to pay attention to the E-line compared with industry-based personnel ( OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.49). Residents without training experience in the prosthodontic base were less likely to pay attention to the facial proportion ( OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.97) and tooth shape and contour ( OR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.98) compared with those with such training experience in prosthodontic base. Conclusions:Oral medicine residents have a high level of attention to oral aesthetic information. Gender, major, identity, and having training experience in the prosthodontic base or not are factors that influence their attention to oral aesthetic information.

Objective To explore the application value of a novel portable endoscope to perform upper gastrointestinal tract examinations in primary medical units.Methods A total of 532 subjects receiving portable endoscope examination were enrolled for analysis.The primary outcome was the success rate of operation.The secondary outcomes were the operation time,examination results,polyp removal and biopsy pathology results,and the subjective evaluation.Results In 532 cases,2 were withdrawn midway after the endoscope was inserted into the esophagus due to the patients'inability to tolerate the examination.Additionally,6 cases did not undergo examination of the descending part of the duodenum because of serious reactions during the procedure.Ultimately,524 cases successfully completed the upper gastrointestinal examination,and the success rate was 98.5％.The average examination time was(4.7±1.8)min,and the average time for disposal sheath wearing and removing was(4.2±1.4)min.The most common lesions were chronic non-atrophic gastritis(85.1％,451/530),reflux esophagitis(14.7％,78/530)and bile reflux(14.0％,74/530).A total of 10 cases of polyp removal were completed,and the polyp removal rate was 71.4％(10/14).Biopsy pathological diagnosis was completed in 44 cases,and the biopsy rate was 8.3％(44/530).The main discomfort symptoms during the examination were nausea(53.6％,285/532),vomiting(51.1％,272/532),and sore throat(38.5％,205/532),the main discomfort symptoms after the examination were sore throat(27.8％,148/532),nausea(19.5％,104/532),and vomiting(14.7％,78/532).No serious adverse events such as gastrointestinal bleeding,perforation,cardiac or pulmonary complications occurred.Conclusion The novel portable endoscope can safely and effectively complete the diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases in primary medical units,while saving the decontamination process.However,the incidence of discomfort is high during examinations.Further optimization of the operation methods is needed.

Objective:To investigate the attention level of oral medicine residents in standardized training (referred to as residency training) to oral aesthetic information and its influencing factors.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional study, which included 262 residents undergoing standardized training at Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University in January 2020. Among them, there were 73 males and 189 females, with an age range of 23-33 (26±2) years. A questionnaire survey method was used, and the questionnaire included the basic characteristics of the subjects (gender, grade, major, identity, and having training experience in prosthodontic base or not) as well as their attention to oral aesthetic information (facial proportions, facial midline, smile line, facial contour, E-line, nasolabial angle, tooth shape and contour, and tooth proportions). Differences in the attention to oral aesthetic information among residents with different basic characteristics were compared, and a multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the influencing factors.Results:Among the 262 oral medicine residents, 256 (97.7%) believed that it was necessary to pay attention to oral aesthetic information. The differences in attention to facial proportions between residents of different genders and between those with and without training experience in the prosthodontic base were statistically significant (both P<0.05). The results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that male residents were less likely to pay attention to facial proportions compared with female residents ( OR=0.45, 95% CI: 0.23-0.88). Compared with residents specializing in orthodontics, non-orthodontic residents were less likely to pay attention to the E-line ( OR=0.14-0.27, 95% CI: 0.04-0.68) and nasolabial angle ( OR=0.14-0.31, 95% CI: 0.04-0.81). Residents who were graduate students with integrated four certificates were more likely to pay attention to the E-line compared with industry-based personnel ( OR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.01-3.49). Residents without training experience in the prosthodontic base were less likely to pay attention to the facial proportion ( OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.20-0.97) and tooth shape and contour ( OR=0.33, 95% CI: 0.11-0.98) compared with those with such training experience in prosthodontic base. Conclusions:Oral medicine residents have a high level of attention to oral aesthetic information. Gender, major, identity, and having training experience in the prosthodontic base or not are factors that influence their attention to oral aesthetic information.

Objective:To express the recombinant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gE Δ-Fc fusion protein using CHO cell expression system, and provide reference for screening candidate antigens of recombinant herpes zoster vaccines. Methods:A eukaryotic expression plasmid containing the gE Δ-Fc gene was transfected into CHO cells. Monoclonal cells were selected by methionine sulfoximine (MSX) pressure screening and limited dilution method to obtain the CHO cells secreting and expressing the gE Δ-Fc fusion protein. The expressed gE Δ-Fc fusion protein was purified by MabSelect SuRe affinity chromatography. The binding activity of gE Δ-Fc fusion protein to Fc receptors was identified by ELISA. Flow cytometry was used to detect the phagocytosis of antigens by DC2.4 cells. Antibody titers in serum samples of BALB/c mice immunized with the gE Δ-Fc fusion protein were detect by ELISA. Results:A CHO cell line stably expressing the gE Δ-Fc fusion protein was obtained. Flow cytometry suggested that the phagocytotic activity of DC2.4 cells against the gE Δ-Fc fusion protein was stronger than that against gE. Moreover, the gE Δ-Fc fusion protein could induce BALB/c mice to produce high titers of specific anti-VZV antibodies. Conclusions:The recombinant VZV gE Δ-Fc fusion protein expressed in CHO cells had a good immunogenicity. This study provided reference for screening candidate antigens of recombinant herpes zoster vaccines.

Objective:To investigate the expression of transmembrane 4 super family 1 (TM4SF1)in breast cancer tissue,and to elucidate its clinical significance and explore the related molecular biological mechanisms. Methods:A total of 190 cases of human breast cancer,110 cases of paracancerous tissue and 110 cases of normal breast tissue were collected.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of TM4SF1 mRNA in breast cancer tissue,paracancerous tissue,and normal breast tissue;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of TM4SF1 in breast cancer tissue,paracancerous tissue,and normal breast tissue;RT-PCR method was used to detect the expression levels of TM4SF1 mRNA in breast cancer tissue,paracancerous tissue, and normal breast tissue.The positive expression rates of TM4SF1 in breast cancer tissue of the breast cancer patients with different clinicopathological features were detected.Results:The positive expression rate of TM4SF1 in the breast cancer tissue was significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue (P <0.05);there was no significant difference in the positive expression rates of TM4SF1 between paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue (P = 0.531);the expression of TM4SF1 was not correlated with age,but was closely correlated with tumor size,differentiation degree,lymph node metastasis and tumor stage (P <0.05);the positive expression rate of TM4SF1 in basal like breast cancer tissue was higher than those in the other three types of tissues (P <0.05).The results of Western blotting showed that the expression level of TM4SF1 in breast cancer tissue was higher than those in paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue (P < 0.05 ), but there was no significant difference in the expression level of TM4SF1 between paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue (P >0.05). The results of RT-PCR showed that the expression level of TM4SF1 mRNA in breast cancer tissue was higher than those in the paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue (P <0.01);there was no significant difference in the expression level of TM4SF1 mRNA between paracancerous tissue and normal breast tissue (P > 0.05 ). Conclusion:The TM4SF1 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissue. TM4SF1 may affect the occurrence, development and distant metastasis of breast cancer through various mechanisms.TM4SF1 may be a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer.

LG1 strain of avian influenza virus H9N2 was passaged continuously for 40 generations in chicken embryos with anti-LG1 maternal antibodies in 4 parallel experiments, of which 3 experiments had a stable mutation of "G" to "A" at #99 of the neuraminidase gene(NA)from the 20th passage resulting in a change of Met to Ile and 2 had a stable mutation of "A" to "G" at #473 of the NA gene from the 30th passage resulting in a change of Asn to Ser which occurred in the 50th passage of another experiment. Eighty continuous passages in chicken embryos without antibody did not have the same mutation, indicating that the mutations of the 2 positions were associated with selective pressure of antibodies. Analysis of the ratios of nonsynonium (NS) vs synonium (S) mutations of nucleic acids demonstrated that NS/S of 4 parallel experiments with antibodies was 4.6 (32/7) compared with 2.0 (16/8) of the 2 experiments without antibodies and this significant difference implied the selective pressure of antibodies.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Chick Embryo ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; genetics ; immunology ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic ERCP for patients above 90 years of age.Methods The data of 37 patients of above 90 years who underwent 42 ERCP procedures from January 2001 to December 2009 were studied retrospectively and compared with those of 152 matched patients ( 168 procedures) below 65 years old at a 1∶4 ratio for success rate and complications.Results The rate of complete success,partial success,and failure in observation group was 73.81％ (31/42),19.05％(8/42) and 2.38％ (1/42),respectively,which were similar (P ＞0.05) with those in control group,with complete success rate at 85.12％ ( 143/168),partial success rate at 12.50％ (21/168) and failure rate at 2.38％ (4/168).The rate of terminated operation in observation group (4.76％,2/42) was significantly higher than that of the control group (0.00％,0,P =0.039).The overall rate of complication in observation group was 7.14％ ( 3/42 ),slightly higher than that of the control group ( 6.55％,11/168,P ＞0.05 ).There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding the rates and severity of such complications as pancreatitis,hemorrhage and infection ( P ＞ 0.05 ).No perforation or death was observed.Conclusion Therapeutic ERCP for patients of 90 years or older is safe and effective.Adverse events related to chronic concomitant diseases need early detection and proper management.

The purpose of this study was to compare the whole genome sequences and replication dynamics in cell cultures of two Avian leukosis viruses of subgroup B (ALV) isolates, SDAU09E3 and SDAU09C2. Comparison of the amino acid sequences indicated that the gp85 identity of these two subgroup B isolates was 95.4%, the identity with other three ALV-B reference strains was 91.0%-94.9%, and less than 87.9% with ALV subgroup A, C, D, E and J. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of gag and pol genes indicated that homologies of gag gene and pol gene of these two ALV-B isolates with all compared reference strains of different subgroups were above 93%. Homologies of LTR sequence of these two ALV-B isolates with other exogenous ALVs subgroups A, B, C, D and J were 72.6%-88.3%, but only 51.5% when compared with endogenous ALV subgroup E. The identity of LTR between these two ALV-B strains was only 74.8%, which was far lower than the identity of other genes. The identity of U3 region of LTR between these two ALV-B isolates was only 68.8% and there were obvious differences in the number CAAT Boxes. Replication dynamics in DF-1 cell indicated that the value of TCID50 was similar between 2 isolates but the concentration of nucleocapsid protein p27 antigen of SDAU09E3 was significantly higher than SDAU09C2 in cell culture supernatant, which indicated there was no parallel relationship between p27 antigen concentration and infectious virus particles. Whether such difference was resulted from the diversity of U3 region of LTR, further studies with their recombinant infectious clones is necessary.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Avian Leukosis Virus ; classification ; genetics ; physiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; Genome, Viral ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; virology ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Viral Matrix Proteins ; genetics ; Virus Replication ; physiology

Objective To analyze the efficacy of the combination of MALDI-TOF and immunoadsorption to detect new biomarkers for lupus. Methods Twenty lupus patients at active stage (SLE group), 10 SLE patients in remission (SLE control group), 10 RA patients and 10 PSS patients (other rheumatic disease control group) and 20 healthy volunteers (healthy control group) were enrolled. The serum samples before and after immunoadsorption from SLE group and those from the control groups were co-incubated with activated chitosan copper derivative nano material. The adsorbed nano material was spotted onto the matrix used in MALDI-TOF for analysis by the Axima-CFR plus MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer. T-test was used for statistical analysis. Results MALDI-TOF MS screening showed that three potential protein biomarkers of mass-to-charge (m/z) ratio 3136, 3264, 3326 were found to be very specific for lupus patients: All of them were expressed before immunoadsorption in high quantity and none of them could be detected both after immunoadsorption and in all the three control groups. None of them (<10 000) were in the molecular weight range of the biomarkers used nowadays such as auto antibodies and complement (>50 000). Conclusion The combination of MALDI-TOF and immunoadsorption is effective in the detection of new serum protein biomarkers for lupus and it may be helpful in the screening of SLE patients at active stage from healthy people.

Objective To investigate the changes of indications, degree of difficulty in procedure, complication and its severity in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in Changhai hospital from 2001 to 2007. Methods The clinical data, including demographic data, indications, degree of difficulty in procedure, success rate, complication rate and severity of complication, of 2374 patients who underwent ERCP in 2001 and 2007 (966 in 2001 and 1408 in 2007), were retrospectively reviewed. Results Indications of ERCP changed at an interval of 5 years. Operations due to bile duct stone decreased (59.0% vs. 49.3%, P=0.000), while operations due to pancreas disease, especially chronic pancreatitis (6.6% vs. 18.5%, P=0.000) and recurrent pancreatitis (0.2% vs.1.6%, P=0.001), increased. Patients with biliary duct problems after liver transplantation appeared in 2007. The procedures of ERCP performed in 2007 were more difficult (P=0.000), with an increased percentage of Degree 5 procedure (7.3% vs. 33.3%, P=0.000). The number of diagnostic ERCP significantly decreased (Degree 1 + Degree 3, 30.5% +2.8% vs. 5.9% +3.1%, P=0.000). There was no significant difference in the success rate between the two years (P=0.084). The complication rate of ERCP in 2007 was significantly higher than that in 2001 (3.73% vs. 7.88%, P=0.000), but the severity of complication showed no significant difference (P=0.820). Conclusion Cases of diagnostic ERCP decreased in 2007. Indications of ERCP have changed, with a decrease in bile duct diseases and an increase in pancreatic diseases. The procedures are more complicated, but it does not lead to lower success rate. The increase in complication rate is possibly due to increase of therapeutic ERCP.