The neural crest represents a dynamic population of embryonic stem cells, playing a pivotal role in the development of the eye. Through interactions with the surrounding neuroectoderm, superficial ectoderm and mesoderm, the neural crest contributes to the formation of numerous ocular structures, encompassing the corneal stroma and endothelium, trabecular meshwork, iris stroma, ciliary muscle, vitreous and choroidal vessels, and Müller cells. Aberrant migration and development of neural crest cells within the eye can instigate a complex series of ocular diseases. Such diseases include anterior segment like Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome, Peters anomaly, aniridia, primary congenital glaucoma, and Nail-Patella syndrome. Defects that impact the posterior segment may lead to CHARGE syndrome and Branchio-oculo-facial syndrome. Further, rare neurocristopathies such as Waardenburg syndrome, Treacher-Collins syndrome, and Char syndrome can also present with ocular abnormalities. In this review, we explore the ocular diseases that arise from abnormal neural crest cell development, and delve into the related genes involved in neural crest migration and development. We further discuss how mutations and defects in these genes can precipitate ocular diseases.

Objective:To explore the distribution pattern of TCM syndromes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis combined with coronary heart disease in Kunming area.Methods:A survey was conducted by research of questionnaires to the general information and TCM four diagnostic information of pulmonary tuberculosis patients (116 cases) with coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to December 2020, and principal component analysis and clustering analysis were conducted. Frequency analysis and severity analysis methods were used for data processing.Results:The TCM symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with coronary heart disease were mainly cough [89.66%(104/116)], expectoration [73.28% (85/116)], dry mouth [70.69% (82/116)], chest tightness [64.66% (75/116)], fatigue [56.03%(65/116)], hot flashes [52.59% (61/116)], shortness of breath [50.00% (58/116)]; tongue color was more common with light red [43.10% (50/116)] and red [47.41% (55/116)]; the tongue shape was more common with cracked tongue [37.07% (43/116)], punctured tongue [27.59% (32/116)] and old tongue [23.28%(27/116)]; tongue coating with little or no coating [48.28%(56/116)], yellow and greasy coating [21.55% (25/116)] was more common; the pulse was usually thin (number) [54.31% (63/116)] and slippery (number) [25.86% (30/116)]. The principal component analysis method used a load coefficient >0.40 as the threshold to screen out the four diagnostic information of 10 principal components; the clustering analysis results were divided into three categories of TCM types: deficiency syndrome, excess syndrome, and mixed deficiency and excess syndrome. There were significant differences in TCM syndrome types among patients of different genders, ages, disease courses, and educational levels ( P<0.05). Deficiency syndrome was more common in male patients [41.18% (21/51)], and mixed syndrome of deficiency and excess was more common in female patients [63.08% (41/65)]; 43-59 years old patients were more likely to have excess syndrome [36.36%(24/66)], and ≥60 years old patients were more likely to have mixed syndrome [70.00% (35/50)]; patients with a course of disease <3 months had more excess syndrome [41.30% (19/46)], patients with a course of 3-12 months had more deficiency syndrome [57.14% (20/35)], and patients with a course of more than 1 year had more mixed syndrome of deficiency and excess [74.29% (26/35)]. male patients [54.17%(26/48)] were more serious in excess syndrome, and female patients [53.33% (24/45)]; were more serious in deficiency syndrome; deficiency syndrome [43-59 years old was 54.17% (42/84), ≥60 years old was 54.17% (12/24)] more serious in patients of different age groups; patients with a course of disease <3 months [56.86% (29/51)] were more serious in excess syndrome, and patients with a course of disease ≥3 months were more serious in mixed syndromes [3~12 months 52.38%(22/42), >1 year 53.33% (24/45)]. Conclusion:The pathogenesis of TCM in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated with coronary heart disease in Kunming is deficiency in root and excess in superficiality; the syndrome is based on yin deficiency and qi deficiency, with blood stasis, phlegm heat, phlegm stasis and phlegm turbidity as the symptoms.

Objective To investigate the changes of brain networks function in patients with primary dysmenorrhea(PDM)during menstruation based on topological attributes of brain network.Methods Brain resting-state functional MRI of 57 PDM patients(PDM group)and 50 healthy women(health control[HC]group)were prospectively collected within the first or the second day of menstruation.Clinical scores were obtained and compared between groups.Results Visual analogue scale,cox menstrual symptom scale,self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale scores in PDM group were all higher than those in HC group(all P＜0.05).At the sparsity of 0.04-0.50,brain networks in both groups conformed to the small world attribute characteristics,and no significant difference of global attributes of brain network was found between groups(all P＞0.05).The node efficiency(Ne)and node degree(Dc)of bilateral posterior cingulate gyrus(PCG),as well as De and node betweenness(Bc)of left middle frontal gyrus(MFG)in PDM group were all higher than those in HC group,while Ne and De of left inferior temporal gyrus in PDM group were lower than those in HC group(all P＜0.01).Compared with HC group,the functional connections between left PCG and right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex,right lingual gyrus and left MFG,as well as between right PCG and right dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus and left MFG,between right insula and left middle occipital gyrus enhanced in PDM group(all P＜0.001).Conclusion In PDM patients,local brain networks function such as default mode network,central executive network and salience network were over-activated during menstruation,yet the overall brain network still had good coordination and organization.

Objective:To investigate the changes of metabolites in urine of automobile manufacturing workers with muscle fatigue using metabolomics technology, and to explore potential biomarkers and disrupted metabolic pathways.Methods:In July 2022, urine samples were collected from 35 male workers in a certain automobile manufacturing industry before and after muscle fatigue, and metabolite analysis was conducted. Subsequently, multivariate statistical analysis was used for data processing to screen differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway enrichment was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (http: //www.kegg.jp), and potential biomarkers were screened through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Metabolomics analysis revealed that compared to pre-fatigue samples, a total of 363 differential metabolites were identified in the post-fatigue urine samples of the subjects. Among these, 201 metabolites (55.4%) showed increased relative expression, while 162 metabolites (44.6%) showed decreased relative expression. The metabolic pathways involved mainly included histidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. The ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves for 1-methylnicotinamide, 2-piperidinone, kojic acid and diferuloyl Putrescine were 0.992, 0.959, 0.937 and 0.902, respectively.Conclusion:Muscle fatigue could cause changes in urine metabolite profiles of automobile manufacturing workers. The metabolites represented by 1-methylnicotinamide in urine can be used as potential biomarkers of muscle fatigue in automobile manufacturing workers.

Objective:To investigate the changes of metabolites in urine of automobile manufacturing workers with muscle fatigue using metabolomics technology, and to explore potential biomarkers and disrupted metabolic pathways.Methods:In July 2022, urine samples were collected from 35 male workers in a certain automobile manufacturing industry before and after muscle fatigue, and metabolite analysis was conducted. Subsequently, multivariate statistical analysis was used for data processing to screen differential metabolites. Metabolic pathway enrichment was performed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database (http: //www.kegg.jp), and potential biomarkers were screened through the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Metabolomics analysis revealed that compared to pre-fatigue samples, a total of 363 differential metabolites were identified in the post-fatigue urine samples of the subjects. Among these, 201 metabolites (55.4%) showed increased relative expression, while 162 metabolites (44.6%) showed decreased relative expression. The metabolic pathways involved mainly included histidine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis, caffeine metabolism, niacin and nicotinamide metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. The ROC curve analysis results showed that the areas under the ROC curves for 1-methylnicotinamide, 2-piperidinone, kojic acid and diferuloyl Putrescine were 0.992, 0.959, 0.937 and 0.902, respectively.Conclusion:Muscle fatigue could cause changes in urine metabolite profiles of automobile manufacturing workers. The metabolites represented by 1-methylnicotinamide in urine can be used as potential biomarkers of muscle fatigue in automobile manufacturing workers.

Background Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are one of the major occupational health problems in the world. Pharmaceutical industry is an important part of China's national economy. At present, there are few related studies reported at home and abroad. Objective To investigate the status and influencing factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical industry. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological survey was conducted among all workers from three chemical pharmaceutical enterprises in Guangzhou. The Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characteristics, symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders, types of work, work organization, and and work postures. Multiple logistic regression method was used to analyze the risk factors of WMSDs in chemical pharmaceutical workers. Results In this study, 563 workers were selected as subjects. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in the chemical pharmaceutical workers was 43.9% (247/563), and the leading body part-specific prevalence rate from high to low was 34.3% in the lower back, 24.3% in the upper back, 24.0% in the shoulders, and 23.8% in the neck. The prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts (30.0%) was 2.16 times higher than that in single body part (13.9%), and the prevalence rate of WMSDs symptoms in four body parts was the highest (11.4%). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥50 years (reference age <30 years) (OR=2.140, 95%CI: 1.054-4.345), often or very often (reference never/rarely) long-time head rotating (OR=2.695, 95%CI: 1.753-4.142) and long-time keeping arms above shoulders (OR=1.902, 95%CI: 1.108-3.265) increased the risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms (P<0.05). Regarding education level, workers with high school and technical secondary school (OR=0.333, 95%CI: 0.175-0.636) or college and above (OR=0.413, 95%CI: 0.216-0.790) education had a lower risk of reporting WMSDs symptoms than those with middle school or below (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of reporting WMSDs symptoms in chemical pharmaceutical industry is high, the involving body parts are lower back, upper back, shoulders, and neck, and reporting simultaneous occurrence of WMSDs symptoms in multiple body parts is common. The chemical pharmaceutical manufacturers can reduce the risk of WMSDs by strengthening the training on workers' ergonomics knowledge, paying attention to the less educated personnel, protecting the elderly workers, and avoiding awkward work postures, like rotating head for a long time and raising arms over shoulders.

Background The progenesis and development of dry eye is closely associated with the stability of tear-film.Dry eyes often show the visual disturbance.Therefore,to evaluate the stability of tear-film based on visual quality and explore the relevant dynamic vision change in dry eyes is of important significance.Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamic changes of objective scattering index (OSI),modulation transfer function cut off (MTF cut off),objective visual acuity (OVA) with tear-film in the patients with mild or moderate dry eye disease using Optical Quality Analysis System.Methods A clinical diagnosis test was performed.Forty-two eyes of 42 consecutive patients with mild or moderate dry eyes were included in Tianjin Eye Hospital from December 2013 to May 2014 based on ‘ The Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Recommendations for Dry Eye from Consensus of Expert Advice in 2013’,and 29 normal eyes of age-and gender-matched 29 healthy volunteers were simultaneously included as the healthy control group.The dynamic retinal images under non-blinking condition during 15 seconds were recorded by OQAS-Ⅱ system,and the OSI,MTF cut off and OVA values at 0,5,10 and 15 seconds were obtained,and the differences of OSI,MTF cut off and OVA between 0 second and 15 seconds were calculated (△OSI,△MTF cut off,△OVA).The dynamic changes of △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA with time were evaluated.The sensitivity and specificity of △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA for the differential diagnosis of dry eyes were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).Results The OSI values at 5,10 and 15 seconds in the mild or moderate dry eye group were significantly higher than those at 0 second or those in the healthy control group (all at P＜0.05),and the MTF cut off values and OVA values at 5,10 and 15 seconds in the mild or moderate dry eye group were significantly lower than those at 0 second or those in the healthy control group (all at P＜0.05).The △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA values were 1.03±1.53,(-8.37±9.64)c/d and-0.30±0.32 in the mild or moderate dry eye group,which were significantly higher than 0.06± 0.16,(-0.37 ± 5.27) c/d and-0.03 ± 0.18 in the healthy control group (t=4.10,-5.19,-5.28,all at P＜0.05).The area under ROC curve was 0.90,0.79 and 0.78 in △OSI,△MTF cut off and △OVA,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of △OSI was 78.6％ and 93.1％ respectively at the diagnostic cut off of 0.3.Conclusions The optical quality parameters related with tear-film stability are gradually reduced with extending of time in mild or moderate dry eyes,but they are stable in healthy eyes.The detecting outcomes by OQAS-Ⅱ system can reflect the dynamic status of tear-film,and this method is of important clinical value for the differential diagnosis and optical quality evaluation in dry eyes.

Background High order aberrations and scattered light may be the main influencing factors of visual quality after phacoemulsification combined the aspherical IOL implantation.However,the study on objectively assessing the impact of them is little.Objective This study was to assess the impact of high order aberrations and scattered light on visual quality after phacoemulsification combined the aspherical IOL implantation.Methods A series cases-observational study was performed.Sixty-seven eyes of 53 patients who finished phacoemulsification and aspherical IOL implantation for at least 3 months in Tianjin Eye Hospital from February to August 2014 were enrolled.The root mean square (RMS) of total aberrations and high order aberrations was measured under the 4 mm pupil diameter with i-Trace aberrometer,including general high order aberrations,spherical aberrations,coma,and trefoil of entire eye,cornea and internal optics.The correlations between ocular aberrations and corneal or internal optic aberrations were analyzed.Objective scatter index (OSI) and objective visual quality parameters were measured,including MTF cut off frequency (MTF cut off),strehl ratio (SR) and OQAS values (100％ OV,20％ OV,9％ OV) with OQAS Ⅱ,and the correlations between the objective visual quality parameters and OSI,ocular aberrations,corneal aberrations or internal optic aberrations were analyzed.In addition,the correlations between OSI and ocular,corneal or internal optic aberrations were evaluated.Writen informed censent was obtained from each patient before entering the study.Results Ocular aberrations were significantly positively correlated with corneal or internal optic aberrations (r=0.255-0.586,all at P＜0.05;r=0.582-0.907,all at P＜0.01),and the associations between internal optic and ocular aberrations was stronger than those between corneal and ocular aberrations.The objective visual quality parameters were negatively correlated with ocular,corneal and internal optic aberrations (r=-0.247--0.675,all at P＜0.05;r =-0.245--0.497,all at P＜0.05;r =-0.246--0.513,all at P＜0.05) as well as with OSI (r =-0.620--0.781,all at P＜0.01).Most of the associations between internal optic aberrations and objective visual quality parameters were stronger than those of corneal aberrations.Furthermore,ocular,corneal and optical aberrations were all positively correlated with OSI (r =0.396-0.727,all at P＜0.01;r =0.320-0.522,all at P＜0.05;r =0.319-0.598,all at P＜0.01).Conclusions High order aberrations and scattered light seem to interact with objective visual quality in aspherical IOL implanted eyes,and the correlation between internal optic aberrations and ocular aberrations tends to be stronger than that of corneal aberrations.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the elderly far lateral lumbar disc herniation via Quadrant channel system under the Wiltse approach. Methods Thirty-three elderly patients suffering from far lateral lumbar disc herniation were treated by surgery, among whom 18 patients were treated by Quadrant minimally invasive channel system (Quadrant group), and 13 patients were treated by percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED group). The patients were followed up for 12 months, and the operation time, blood loss and length of incision were investigated. The JOA scores were compared preoperatively and postoperatively. Results The patients in two groups were followed up for 24 months, except 1 patient withdrew in Quadrant group. The incision length and blood loss in PTED group were superior to those in the Quadrant group:2.0-2.5 cm vs. 0.7 cm, (46.50± 15.20) ml vs.(23.87±6.58) ml, P<0.01, but the operation time in PTED group was longer than that in Quadrant group: (77.17 ± 8.71) min vs. (63.20 ±10.87) min, P<0.01.The two groups had achieved good curative effect, while JOA score in PTED group was superior to the Quadrant group 1 week after operation ( P<0.05), but in 3 month and 12 month two groups had no significant difference ( P>0.05). Conclusion Surgical treatment on elderly far lateral lumbar disc herniation via quadrant channel under wiltse approach is an effective method, and can achieve similar effect with PTED.