Objective To evaluate the clinical value of structured report(SR)for CT scans in laryngeal cancer.Methods Accord-ing to the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)8th edition TN staging,the SR template of CT suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer was constructed.It included 5 tumor-related points,4 lymph node-related points,and T and N staging.The differences in the occurrence rate of 11 key points and the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and narrative report(NR)were evaluated and compared.The readability,completeness and overall impression of SR were investigated among radiologists and otolaryngologists with different seniority.Results Finally,208 SR samples and 246 NR samples were included.Except for N0 stage,there were no statistical differences in age,sex ratio,laryngeal cancer classification,or T stage between SR and NR(P＞0.05).The occurrence rate of tumor size,extranodal extension(ENE),and T and N staging in early laryngeal cancer(T1-T2 stage)SR was higher than that in NR(P＜0.05).The occurrence rate of invasion of intra-and extra-pharyngeal vital structures,tumor size,enhancement degree,ENE,invasion of extranodal soft tissue,and T and N staging was higher in SR than that in NR in advanced laryngeal cancer(T3-T4 stage)(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and NR(P＞0.05).Otolaryngologists rated the difficulty,completeness,and overall impression of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Radiologists rated the convenience,difficulty,and teaching value of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Conclusion Building a CT SR based on AJCC 8th edition TN staging suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer can improve the clarity and completeness of imaging reports,making it clinically feasible.

Virus-like particles(VLPs)are hollow nanoparticles composed of one or several virus structural proteins,which have a morphological structure similar to natural viruses but do not contain any genetic material.Due to the excellent innate immunogenicity and safety of VLPs,they are often used in the development of tumor vaccines.In addition,compared with traditional drug delivery vectors,VLPs have better biocompatibility and strong targeting ability,making them highly valued in the delivery of anti-tumor drugs.In recent years,the efficient delivery of gene editing tools using VLPs has provided new possibilities for tumor treatment.VLPs can inhibit tumor growth and spread through various mechanisms,such as activating immune responses to suppress tumor growth,stimulating the body's immune system,promoting the expression of tumor associated antigens,and enhancing the body's ability to recognize and clear tumor cells.These studies not only broaden the application scope of VLPs in the field of anti-tumor therapy,but also provide a broader prospect for future research and application.This article reviewed the research progress of VLPs derived from different viruses in preventive or therapeutic vaccines and drug delivery carriers,and explored new development strategies.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of structured report(SR)for CT scans in laryngeal cancer.Methods Accord-ing to the American Joint Committee on Cancer(AJCC)8th edition TN staging,the SR template of CT suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer was constructed.It included 5 tumor-related points,4 lymph node-related points,and T and N staging.The differences in the occurrence rate of 11 key points and the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and narrative report(NR)were evaluated and compared.The readability,completeness and overall impression of SR were investigated among radiologists and otolaryngologists with different seniority.Results Finally,208 SR samples and 246 NR samples were included.Except for N0 stage,there were no statistical differences in age,sex ratio,laryngeal cancer classification,or T stage between SR and NR(P＞0.05).The occurrence rate of tumor size,extranodal extension(ENE),and T and N staging in early laryngeal cancer(T1-T2 stage)SR was higher than that in NR(P＜0.05).The occurrence rate of invasion of intra-and extra-pharyngeal vital structures,tumor size,enhancement degree,ENE,invasion of extranodal soft tissue,and T and N staging was higher in SR than that in NR in advanced laryngeal cancer(T3-T4 stage)(P＜0.05).There was no statistical difference in the accuracy of T and N staging between SR and NR(P＞0.05).Otolaryngologists rated the difficulty,completeness,and overall impression of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Radiologists rated the convenience,difficulty,and teaching value of SR higher than NR(P＜0.05).Conclusion Building a CT SR based on AJCC 8th edition TN staging suitable for initial diagnosis and staging of laryngeal cancer can improve the clarity and completeness of imaging reports,making it clinically feasible.

Virus-like particles(VLPs)are hollow nanoparticles composed of one or several virus structural proteins,which have a morphological structure similar to natural viruses but do not contain any genetic material.Due to the excellent innate immunogenicity and safety of VLPs,they are often used in the development of tumor vaccines.In addition,compared with traditional drug delivery vectors,VLPs have better biocompatibility and strong targeting ability,making them highly valued in the delivery of anti-tumor drugs.In recent years,the efficient delivery of gene editing tools using VLPs has provided new possibilities for tumor treatment.VLPs can inhibit tumor growth and spread through various mechanisms,such as activating immune responses to suppress tumor growth,stimulating the body's immune system,promoting the expression of tumor associated antigens,and enhancing the body's ability to recognize and clear tumor cells.These studies not only broaden the application scope of VLPs in the field of anti-tumor therapy,but also provide a broader prospect for future research and application.This article reviewed the research progress of VLPs derived from different viruses in preventive or therapeutic vaccines and drug delivery carriers,and explored new development strategies.

The incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)has gradually increased in recent years.Although CFS can severely affect patient quality of life,its clinical diagnosis is easily overlooked.Elucidating the pathogenesis of CFS and treating it from both etiological and symptomatological perspectives are crucial for patient recovery;however,its unclear pathogenesis means that etiological treatment options are limited,and current treatments mainly focus on improving clinical symptoms.In this context,there is a need to establish and evaluate a suitable animal model.This article comprehensively integrates the diagnostic criteria of CFS and progress in related basic research.We also summarize the behavioral experimental method used to evaluate CFS models in basic research in the past 5 years and discuss these evaluations from the perspectives of general condition,fatigue state,cognitive function,emotional state,and pain degree.This review aims to present the current situation,expose problems,trigger reflection,and promote improvements in the behavioral evaluation of animal models of CFS.

The incidence of chronic fatigue syndrome(CFS)has gradually increased in recent years.Although CFS can severely affect patient quality of life,its clinical diagnosis is easily overlooked.Elucidating the pathogenesis of CFS and treating it from both etiological and symptomatological perspectives are crucial for patient recovery;however,its unclear pathogenesis means that etiological treatment options are limited,and current treatments mainly focus on improving clinical symptoms.In this context,there is a need to establish and evaluate a suitable animal model.This article comprehensively integrates the diagnostic criteria of CFS and progress in related basic research.We also summarize the behavioral experimental method used to evaluate CFS models in basic research in the past 5 years and discuss these evaluations from the perspectives of general condition,fatigue state,cognitive function,emotional state,and pain degree.This review aims to present the current situation,expose problems,trigger reflection,and promote improvements in the behavioral evaluation of animal models of CFS.

Natural killer (NK) cells are an important part of the body's innate immune system. As the first line of defense against pathogens, they need to be transformed into a mature state under the control of various cell signaling molecules and transcription factors to play cytotoxic and immune regulatory roles. Under the interaction of activated receptors and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are activated to perform a direct cell killing effect by secreting perforin and granzyme, or indirectly eliminate pathogenic microorganisms in the body by secreting various cytokines, such as type I and type II interferons. These functions of NK cells play a very important role in antiviral and anti-autoimmune diseases, especially in anti-tumor.
Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Interferon-gamma ; Apoptosis ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Cytokines

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) external therapy for sleep disorder of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) has good anti-fatigue effect and can improve sleep quality of patients. The treatment for sleep disorders of CFS with TCM external treatment mainly adopts acupuncture, moxibustion, massage, TCM bath, transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation and auricular point sticking, etc., or alone, or comprehensive application, or combined with oral Chinese materia medica. The appropriate treatment method can be selected according to the patients' condition and compliance, which reflects the unique advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment and the treatment according to people and time. The existing research still needs to further form a standardized and recognized diagnosis and treatment system, so as to better guide clinical popularization and application.

The treatment rules of point selection and treatment principles for treating chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) can be divided into three categories: regulating and replenishing, invigorating original yang and regulating zang-fu organs. The mechanism of moxibustion includes improving gut microbiota imbalance, regulating immune cell imbalance and correcting endocrine dysfunction. The moxibustion methods include ginger-partitioned moxibustion, thunder-fire moxibustion, warm acupuncture, and governor moxibustion. Acupuncture points such as Shenque (RN8), Guanyuan (RN4), Qihai (RN6), Zusanli (ST36), Baihui (DU20), Yongquan (KI1) and back-shu points are often selected to exert anti-chronic fatigue effects.

With the widespread application of genomics and transcriptomics in the genetics and cell biology of different species, synonymous codon usage bias has been gradually accepted and used to study the deep connection between biological evolution and biological phenotypes. It is an important part of the life activities that mRNA is expressed into proteins with normal biological activities. The synonymous codon usage patterns, which were named as 'the second genetic codon', can express genetic information carried by themselves at the levels of transcriptional regulations, translational regulations and metabolic activities through molecular mechanisms such as fine-tune translation selection. Some studies have shown that the length of mRNA half-life has significant impacts on mRNA activity and the process of transcription and translation. This review summarized the roles of synonymous codon usage patterns in transcription, translational regulation and post-translational modification, with the aim to better understand how organisms skillfully utilize the genetic effects caused by codon usage patterns to accurately synthesize different types of proteins, so as to ensure the growth or differentiation of the specific gene expression procedures to carry out smoothly and maintain the normal life cycle.
Codon/genetics* ; Codon Usage ; Half-Life ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Messenger/genetics*