Objective: To analyze the issuance of Chinese adolescents mental health promotion policies and policy objects, and to explore the use of different object policy tools and the effectiveness of the policy, so as to provide reference for the improvement of the subsequent policy. Methods: Adolescents mental health promotion policies published and policy documents that included adolescents in mental health promotion policies and regulations in China from 2014 to the present were obtained, with the search period of July to August 2024. Policy content and effectiveness were analyzed by using content cross tabulation analysis and Policy Modeling Consistency Index Model (PMC index model). It coded with Nvivo 20 software to understand the types of tools that policy depends on. Results: A total of 41 documents were included. The number of adolescent mental health promotion policy texts rose by year, most of which were issued independently, accounting for 70% of the total number of texts issued; 30% were jointly issued, with the Ministry of Education and the National Health Commission as the core subjects. Supply type policy tools accounted for 47.45 % of the total, while environment type and demand type policy tools accounted for 29.68% and 22.87% respectively; the use of policy tools by different policy targets varies, with families and social organizations using more supply type and demand type policy tools, while the education system and healthcare institutions were more inclined to supply type policy tools, and the government departments were more inclined to supply type policy tools and environment type policy tools. In terms of policy effectiveness, there was a common problem of a lack of incentives and constraints, and the PMC values of two long term planning mental health policies were high (7.76, 7.56), and both reached the excellent level. Conclusions China has paid more attention to adolescents mental health, and the basic guarantees have been established and overall policy effectiveness is good, but the use of policy tools is uneven. There is a need to improve the operational content of medium and long term policies and to strengthen synergies between implementing departments.

Permeability is one of the determinants of intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability. The non-cell-based permeation model is a kind of in vitro permeability measurement tool, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost, stable property, easy to use and customizable. According to the barrier type, non-cell-based permeation model can be divided into biomimetic barriers containing (phosphate) lipids and non-biomimetic barriers without lipids. Biomimetic permeation models include parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, vesicle-based permeation assay and PermeaPad®. Non biomimetic permeation models include Hollow fiber membrane models based on polyether sulfone materials. In foreign countries, the application of these four barriers for different purposes is gradually becoming a hot spot in drug absorption research. However, in China, there are only more applied studies on PMAPM and few published applied studies on the other three barriers. In order to meet the development needs of insoluble drug formulations, the author summarized the permeability devices and permeability calculation methods, searched the application of non-cell-based permeation model in the permeability of BSCⅡ drugs in recent years, and summarized the characteristic applications of three Biomimetic permeation models and hollow fiber membranes.

This study summarizes the construction background, rules and regulations and institutional settings of the MOOC and Micro-course Club in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, discusses the means of teacher training for clinical teachers, and shows the application effect of the club. At the same time, the related problems encountered in the process of club construction are summarized and reflected. The construction of MOOC and micro-course clubs is conducive to improving the information-based teaching level of clinical teachers, and also provides new inspiration and ideas for the construction of medical clubs.

Objective: To understand physical activity status of children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the intervention model of physical activity of children and adolescents in minority areas. Methods: A cluster sample of 2 466 Tujia pupils from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture of Hubei Province was selected to investigate physical activity status of Tujia pupils. The univariate χ 2 test was used to analyze the physical activity status of Tujia children and adolescents and its influencing factors. Results: The median duration of high intensity activity was 49.9 minutes/day in the last week, and 47.93% of participants met the physical activity standard( χ 2=80.47, P <0.01), the median duration of sitting was 396.1 minutes/day in the last week, and the qualified rate of screen time was 78.99%, and the differences of qualified rate between daystudents and residential students were of statistical differences( χ 2=35.12, P <0.01)). Conclusion The children and adolescents in the Tujia community are lack of physical activity. Therefore, it is necessary to take effective intervention measures to pay attention to the children and adolescents physical activity.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of low vision among Tujia and Han children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in minority areas. Methods: A cluster sampling of Tujia and Han primary school students from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province (2 466 Tujia and 971 Han) were selected for visual acuity assessment. Univariate χ 2 test and multivariate Logistic analysis were used. Low vision and associated factors between Tujia and Han nationality were compared. Results: The overall detection rate of low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas was 44.9%. There were differences in the degree of low vision in the left and right eyes of individuals, and the detection rate of low vision varied significantly by ethnic, gender and grade ( χ 2=22.10, 18.43, 19.06, 17.97 for the left eye, 17.52, 20.44, 21.49, 18.61 for the right eye, P < 0.05). There were many factors affecting low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, overweight and obesity were negatively associated with low vision ( OR=1.81, 1.70, 95%CI=1.76-1.92, 1.66-1.82, P <0.01). Conclusion Low vision is highly prevalent in Tujia children and adolescents. Effective intervention measures should be taken to treat and prevent myopia in children and adolescents.

Guided by aim of improving the survival rate of the injuries, damage control surgery (DCS) have undergone developments from simple gauze packing to planned resuscitation and reoperation for nearly a century, which leads to a great improvement in the treatments. In recent years, the concept of DCS has been more and more widely accepted and applied in many fields other than abdominal trauma. Besides, the technologies have been constantly standardized and the procedures have been more scientific. At the same time, some remarkable progress has been made in the research of DCS, such as new concepts of damage control resuscitation, permissive hypotension, and new technologies such as resuscitative balloon aortic occlusion and hybrid emergency surgery system.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transplanting a muscle flap to treat the postoperative refractory empyema with a bronchopleural fistula.Methods:From July 2015 to December 2019, the clinical data of 15 patients who suffered from postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula was retrospectively summarized. There were 13 males and two females with a mean age of 61.7 years. Ten cases had previous posterolateral thoracotomy and four cases underwent minimally invasive surgery. After conservative and endoscopic therapy, a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap, a pectoralis major muscle flap, or a free vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap was harvested from the ipsilateral local thorax or thigh and was transferred to cover the intrathoracic cavity.Results:There was no perioperative death. During a mean follow-up of 14.8 months, one patient was dead, one suffered from a recurrence of refractory empyema, and l3 patients had an uneventful course with no recurrence of refractory empyema and bronchopleural fistula. Postoperative chest computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging showed the empyema cavity was satisfactorily covered with a pedicle or free muscle flap.Conclusions:Muscle flap transplantation is an effective alternative for treating the postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula, which can achieve promising short-medium-term results.

Objective:To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of transplanting a muscle flap to treat the postoperative refractory empyema with a bronchopleural fistula.Methods:From July 2015 to December 2019, the clinical data of 15 patients who suffered from postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula was retrospectively summarized. There were 13 males and two females with a mean age of 61.7 years. Ten cases had previous posterolateral thoracotomy and four cases underwent minimally invasive surgery. After conservative and endoscopic therapy, a pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flap, a pectoralis major muscle flap, or a free vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap was harvested from the ipsilateral local thorax or thigh and was transferred to cover the intrathoracic cavity.Results:There was no perioperative death. During a mean follow-up of 14.8 months, one patient was dead, one suffered from a recurrence of refractory empyema, and l3 patients had an uneventful course with no recurrence of refractory empyema and bronchopleural fistula. Postoperative chest computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging showed the empyema cavity was satisfactorily covered with a pedicle or free muscle flap.Conclusions:Muscle flap transplantation is an effective alternative for treating the postoperative refractory empyema with bronchopleural fistula, which can achieve promising short-medium-term results.

Objective: To investigate the expression characteristics of Tim-3 on natural killer (NK) cells of peripheral blood in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its clinical significance. Methods: Peripheral blood was obtained from 39 patients with newly diagnosed AML before intervention, with peripheral blood from 28 cases of healthy volunteers collected as normal control. Using CD3, CD56 and Tim-3 as markers, expression levels of Tim-3 on the peripheral blood NK cells were detected by immune fluorescence labeling and flow cytometry. Results: The ratio of the peripheral blood CD3^-CD56⁺ NK cells in newly diagnosed AML patients (5.74±5.31) %decreased significantly, compared with the normal control (12.55±6.33) % (t=4.596, P<0.001) . Tim-3 expression on the peripheral blood NK cells in newly diagnosed AML patients (42.67±19.08) % decreased significantly, compared with the normal control group (60.99±20.69) % (t=3.781, P<0.001) . CD3^-CD56⁺NK cell ratio of peripheral blood in AML patients was significantly correlated with Chromosome karyotype (t=2.915, P<0.005) . Expression level of Tim-3 on NK cells in the peripheral blood of AML patients had significant correlation with ratio of CR and NCCN high risk group (P<0.05) . Conclusion The rate of NK cells in peripheral blood and the expression level of Tim-3 on NK cells in AML patients decreased significantly.The lower expression level of Tim-3 on NK cells correlate with prognosis of AML.

BACKGROUND: The blocking of the programmed cell death protein (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis has been found to have an anticancer activity against various types of cancer by enhancing T cell immunity, while there are no studies linking the PD-1/PD-L1 axis to chemotherapy drugs in osteosarcoma (OS). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of blocking PD-1/PD-L1 axis on the cisplatin chemotherapy in OS in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was applied to detect PD-L1 mRNA in OS tissues. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and flow cytometry assays, respectively. In vivo, the syngeneic mice were treated with cisplatin and anti-PD-1 antibody alone or jointly. RESULTS: In this study, it revealed that PD-L1 mRNA was highly expressed in OS tissues. Further inhibitory evaluation showed that the K7M2-LV cells (PD-L1 overexpression) co-cultured with PD-1 lymphocytes could promote K7M2 cell proliferation. Meanwhile, the combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and cisplatin significantly decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of K7M2 cells in a co-culture system. In vivo, the combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and cisplatin significantly inhibited tumor growth, while the mechanisms did not involve regulatory T cells. CONCLUSION The present data suggested that the blocking of PD-1/PD-L1 axis had a positive prognostic value, which can enhance the chemotherapeutic effect of cisplatin in OS. These findings provide a rationale for utilizing PD1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies as a single agent to cure refractory OS in patients receiving cisplatin treatment.