Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Yichang City from 2015 to 2023 and evaluate the effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in infectious disease prevention and control, and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze annual incidence rates. SARIMA and SARIMA intervention models were constructed to predict the incidence rates of infectious diseases. Interrupted time series analysis (ITS) was applied to assess the control effectiveness. Results The average annual incidence rate from 2015 to 2023 was 787.47/100 000, with the top five diseases being influenza, hand-foot-and-mouth disease, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, and diarrheal diseases. The average incidence rate from 2015 to 2019 (654.31/100 000) was significantly higher than that from 2020 to 2022 (489.01/100 000) (χ²= 3 499.6, P < 0.05). The total incidence rate in 2023 (2 396.51/100 000) was significantly higher than the average annual incidence rates from 2015-2019 (χ²= 108 186.1, P < 0.05) and 2020-2022 (χ²= 112 869.4, P < 0.05). SARIMA model results indicated that the actual incidence rate from 2020 to 2022 decreased by 73.49% compared to the predicted rate without intervention, with the highest decline observed in respiratory infectious diseases (79.57%). The SARIMA-intervention model showed a 55.48% relative decrease in the total incidence rate for 2023, with the largest reduction in respiratory infectious diseases (63.28%) and a slight increase in intestinal infectious diseases (5.48%). Conclusion NPIs effectively reduce the incidence of statutory infectious diseases in the short term, especially for acute respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases. However, long-term effectiveness faces challenges, necessitating the development of differentiated prevention and control strategies.

BACKGROUND:The extracellular-regulated protein kinase 5(ERK5)signaling protein is essential for the survival of organisms,and resveratrol can promote osteoblast proliferation through various pathways.However,whether resveratrol can regulate osteoblast function through the ERK5 signaling protein needs further verification. OBJECTIVE:To explore the regulatory effect of ERK5 on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and related secreted proteins,and to further verify whether resveratrol can complete the above process by activating ERK5. METHODS:Mouse MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts were treated with complete culture medium,XMD8-92(an ERK5 inhibitor),epidermal growth factor(an ERK5 activator),resveratrol alone,XMD8-92+EGF,and resveratrol+XMD8-92,respectively.Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of ERK5 and p-ERK5 proteins,proliferation-related proteins Cyclin D1,CDK4 and PCNA,and osteoblast-secreted proteins osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in MC3T3-E1 cells of each group.The fluorescence intensity of ERK5,osteoprotegerin and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand in each group was detected by cell immunofluorescence staining,and cell proliferation was detected by EdU staining,respectively.The appropriate concentration and time of resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by cell morphology observation and cell counting kit-8 assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The activation of ERK5 signaling protein could effectively promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells,up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand ratio.The appropriate concentration and time for resveratrol intervention in MC3T3-E1 cells was 5 μmol/L and 24 hours,respectively.Resveratrol could activate ERK5 signaling protein,thereby promoting osteoblast proliferation and up-regulating the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio.All these results indicate that resveratrol can promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells and up-regulate the osteoprotegerin/RANKL ratio by activating the ERK5 signaling protein.

The research of damp-heat syndrome in modern TCM mainly focuses on inflammatory response, water metabolism, lipid metabolism, hemorheology, intestinal flora and so on. Modern omics techniques such as metabolomics and genomics provide a new perspective for the exploration of the micro-mechanism of damp-heat syndrome. The study found that the abnormal expression of aquaporin is closely related to the formation of "dampness" in damp-heat syndrome, and the release of inflammatory factors reflects the pathological characteristics of "heat". Damp-heat syndrome is often accompanied by dyslipidemia, hemorheological changes and intestinal flora imbalance, showing characteristic changes in urine, blood and saliva metabolomics, and there are differences in gene expression between damp-heat constitution and gentleness constitution. In the future, the pertinence and systematicness of research should be strengthened, the relationship between indicators should be deeply explored, build a biomarker system should be built, the immune-metabolic regulation mechanism should be explored, the multi-target mechanism of heat-clearing and dampness-removing Chinese materia medica should be clarified to further improve the damp-heat syndrome system, and provide theoretical support for clinical treatment.

Objective : To investigate the effect and mechanism of sex-determining region Y-box transcription factor 4(SOX4) on autophagy in small cell lung cancer(SCLC) cells. Methods : Human SCLC cell line NCI-H446 was transfected with small interfering RNA(siRNA) to knockdown SOX4. RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to verify the transfection efficiency. NCI-H446 cells were divided into control group, si-SOX4 group, si-SOX4+oe-Beclin1 group and oe-Beclin1 group. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the ratio of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ expression and the expression of Beclin1 and p62 in different groups of cells. The transcriptional regulation of Beclin1 by SOX4 was detected by dual luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR(ChIP-PCR) assay. CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of NCI-H446 cells in different groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis rate of NCI-H446 cells in different groups. Transwell assay was performed to determine the cell migration and invasion ability in different groups. Results: Compared with the control group or the si-NC group, the relative mRNA and protein expression level of SOX4 in si-SOX4 group were down-regulated(P<0.05), and the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein expression and the relative protein expression level of Beclin1 in si-SOX4 group decreased(P<0.05), the relative protein expression of p62 increased(P<0.05). The relative luciferase activity of Beclin1 WT in the si-SOX4 group was lower than that in the si-NC group(P<0.05); the relative enrichment of Beclin1 promoter in the Anti-SOX4 group was higher than that in the Anti-Ig G group( P<0. 05). Compared with control group,cell proliferation activity decreased,cell apoptosis rate increased,migration number and invasion number decreased in si-SOX4 group( P<0. 05). Compared with the si-SOX4 group,the ratio of LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ protein expression and the relative protein expression of Beclin1 increased in si-SOX4 + oe-Beclin1 group,while the relative protein expression of p62 decreased,cell proliferation activity increased,apoptosis rate decreased,migration number and invasion number increased( P<0. 05). Conclusion Down-regulation of SOX4 can inhibit autophagy,decrease proliferation activity of NCI-H446 cells,and inhibit cell migration and invasion by inhibiting Beclin1 expression.

BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that the occurrence and severity of respiratory diseases in children are related to the concentration of air pollutants. Nonetheless, evidence regarding the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases in children remains limited. Outpatients cover a wide range of disease severity, including both severe and mild cases, some of which may need to be transferred to inpatient treatment. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the impact of short-term ambient air pollution exposure on outpatient visits for respiratory conditions in children. METHODS: This study employed data of the Second People's Hospital of Yichang from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2023, to conduct a time series analysis. The DLNM approach was integrated with a generalized additive model to examine the daily outpatient visits of pediatric patients with respiratory illnesses in hospital, alongside air pollution data obtained from monitoring stations. Adjustments were made for long-term trends, meteorological variables, and other influencing factors. RESULTS: A nonlinear association was identified between PM_2.5, PM₁₀, O₃, NO₂, SO₂, CO levels and the daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children. All six pollutants exhibit a hysteresis impact, with varying durations ranging from 4 to 6 days. The risks associated with air pollutants differ across various categories of children's respiratory diseases; notably, O₃ and CO do not show statistical significance concerning the risk of chronic respiratory conditions. Furthermore, the results of infectious respiratory diseases were similar with those of respiratory diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that short-term exposure to air pollutants may contribute to an increased incidence of outpatient visits for respiratory illnesses among children, and controlling air pollution is important to protect children's health.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/chemically induced* ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Air Pollution/analysis* ; Infant ; Male ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Female ; Ambulatory Care/statistics & numerical data* ; Outpatients/statistics & numerical data* ; Adolescent ; Infant, Newborn

Objective To investigate the prevalence of common diseases among primary and secondary school students in Yichang City from 2019 to 2022, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating effective intervention measures in the future. Methods By random cluster sampling , 7 schools in urban areas and 5 schools in suburban counties were selected to screen common diseases such as myopia, dental caries, obesity and abnormal spinal curvature. Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed for statistical analysis. Results A total of 17 023 primary and secondary school students were screened from 2019 to 2022. The overall detection rate of common diseases from high to low was myopia (54.12%), caries (36.75%), overweight (15.17%), obesity (11.88%), malnutrition (5.80%), and abnormal spinal curvature (3.49%). The detection rates of myopia and abnormal curvature of the spine showed an increasing trend with years and school stages, while the detection rates of malnutrition and dental caries showed a decreasing trend with years and school stages. The detection rates of overweight and obesity showed no trend difference with years, and the detection rates of obesity showed a decreasing trend with school stages. The rates of myopia, overweight and obesity were higher in urban areas than those in suburban counties, and the rate of dental caries was higher in suburban counties than that in urban areas. The prevalence of overweight, obesity, and malnutrition in boys was higher than that in girls. The prevalence of myopia and dental caries in girls was higher than that in boys. The above differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Myopia, dental caries, obesity, and abnormal curvature of the spine are the current focus of the prevention and treatment of common diseases in students. There are great differences between different regions, school stages, and genders. The ^“tripartite linkage^” of schools, families, and communities should be achieved with the joint efforts of the education and health departments to actively take targeted intervention measures to reduce the prevalence.

Neck dissection(ND)is one of the main treatment methods for oral and maxillofacial malignancies.Although ND type is in con-stant improvement,but intraoperative peal-pull-push injury of the accessory nerve,muscle,muscle membrane,fascia and ligament induced shoulder syndrome(SS)is still a common postoperative complication,combined with the influence of radiochemotherapy,not only can cause pain,stiffness,numbness,limited dysfunction of shoulder neck and arm,but also may have serious impact on patient's life quality and phys-ical and mental health.At present,there is still a lack of a systematic evaluation and rehabilitation management program for postoperative SS of oral and maxillofacial malignant tumors.Based on the previous clinical practice and the current available evidence,refer to the relevant lit-erature at home and abroad,the experts in the field of maxillofacial tumor surgery and rehabilitation were invited to discuss,modify and reach a consenusus on the etiology,assessment diagnosis,differential diagnosis,rehabilitation strategy and prevention of SS,in order to provide clinical reference.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of using self-made visual throat forceps to remove hypopharyngeal foreign bodies. Methods:The throat forceps were combined with the endoscope and connected to a monitor via a data cable resulting in a visual throat forceps apparatus. This device was utilized to examine and treat the hypopharyngeal foreign bodies. Results:Among 53 patients, foreign bodies were detected in 51,with 48 cases involving hypopharyngeal foreign bodies. All were successfully extracted using the visual throat forceps. Three cases, diagnosed as esophageal foreign bodies by electronic gastroscopy, were treated using the same method. Conclusion:Visual throat forceps can be used to examine the hypopharynx and remove foreign bodies. It has the advantages of simple operation, rapid operation, and high success rate of foreign body removal from the hypopharynx. It is worthy of clinical application.
Humans ; Hypopharynx/surgery* ; Pharynx/surgery* ; Endoscopes ; Surgical Instruments ; Foreign Bodies/diagnosis*

Objective To analyze the evidence of risk factors and health and rehabilitation intervention strategies for lower back inju-ries in adult golfers. Methods A thematic search method was employed,retrieving literature related to low back pain in adult golfers from PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO,Scopus,the Cochrane Library,CNKI,VIP and Wanfang Data,with publica-tion dates ranging from inception to April 1st,2024.Authors,country,publication time,study subjects,risk fac-tors for low back pain and intervention strategies were extracted from the literature for systematic review. Results Nine English articles from the United States,Australia,South Korea,Portugal and South Africa were included,involving 237 golfers,three survey studies,one prospective cohort study,five randomized controlled trial(RCT)and quasi-RCT articles were enrolled.The study subjects included adult professional and amateur golfers.The primary risk factors were excessive repetition of non-standard golf swinging movements resulting in excessive lumbar torsion and overuse of the lumbar musculature;abnormal activation patterns of the rectus abdominis,erec-tor spinae and latissimus dorsi muscles;and functional limitation of the trunk and hip joints,causing excessive lumbar compensation during the swinging motion.Health and rehabilitation intervention strategies included the comprehensive application of electromyography and ultrasound biofeedback technologies with a focus on screen-ing the lumbar weak muscle groups and swinging actions,optimizing training load,and standardizing swinging technical movements;strengthening functional training of the trunk and hip joints;and enhancing strength train-ing of the abdominal and core muscle groups,as well as the deep muscle groups. Conclusion The risk factors for low back pain in adult golfers are primarily associated with excessive repetition of im-proper golf swing techniques,insufficient strength in the abdominal and core muscle groups,and functional limi-tations of the trunk and hip joints.Key intervention strategies include optimizing training load using electromyog-raphy and ultrasound biofeedback techniques,standardizing swing techniques,enhancing trunk and hip joint functional training,and strengthening waist,abdominal,core and deep muscle group strength training.The imple-mentation of these strategies helps to reduce the risk of low back pain in golfers,enhance athletic performance,and promote physical and mental health.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between the osseous structure of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and three different status of anterior disc location, so that it could guide the clinical diagnosis further.Methods:Fifty-two patients [46 females and 6 males, with an age of (27.8±8.3) years] who treated with MRI and cone beam CT, were recruited from the Temporomandibular Joint Specialist Clinic, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, between March 2018 to December 2021. According to the radiographic findings of the level of anterior disc displacement (ADD) in TMJ, patients were divided into three groups: normal articular disc position (NADP, n=28 TMJs), anterior disc displacement with reduction (ADDWR, n=28 TMJs), and anterior disc displacement without reduction (ADDWoR, n=28 TMJs). In the light of the reconstructed three-dimensional model, ten representative morphological parameters including condylar volume (CV), condylar superficial area (CSA), fossa volume (FV), fossa superficial area (FSA), the proportion of the condylar volume in the articular fossa (CV%), the proportion of the condylar superficial area in the articular fossa (CSA%), superior joint space (SJS), anterior joint space (AJS), posterior joint space (PJS), and medial joint space (MJS), were measured respectively under one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Kruskal-Wallis Htest and receiver operator characteristic curve(ROC curve) analyses. Results:CV and CSA values varied significantly in the pathological progression from normal location to irreversible anterior displacement in TMJ. For CV value, NADP group [(1 834.90±667.67) mm 3]>ADDWR group [(1 747.34±369.42) mm 3]>ADDWoR group [(1 256.29±418.27) mm 3] [ t=4.31, P(NADP-ADDWoR)<0.001; t=3.66, P(ADDWR-ADDWoR)<0.001], for CSA value, NADP group [(859.27±216.01) mm 2]>ADDWR group [(838.23±118.82) mm 2]>ADDWoR group [(669.14±150.26) mm 2] [ t=4.27, P(NADP-ADDWoR)<0.001; t=3.80, P(ADDWR-ADDWoR)<0.001]. The difference of SJS value in NADP group [(2.22±0.88) mm], ADDWR group [(1.94±0.64) mm] and ADDWoR group [(1.45±0.57) mm], was statistically significant [ t=4.11, P(NADP-ADDWoR)<0.001; t=2.63, P(ADDWR-ADDWoR)=0.010]. The results of MJS in NADP group [(5.03±1.41) mm], ADDWR group [(3.86±1.32) mm], and ADDWoR group [(4.91±1.65) mm] were significantly different [ t=3.00, P(NADP-ADDWR)=0.004; t=2.63, P(ADDWR-ADDWoR)=0.009]. As calculated by the ROC curve analysis, CV, CSA and SJS showed that (AUC CV=0.77, AUC CSA=0.76; AUC SJS=0.76) for the NADP and ADDWoR groups, and (AUC CV=0.80; AUC CSA=0.80; AUC SJS=0.72) for the ADDWR and ADDWoR groups. While the diagnostic accuracy of MJS for the comparison in NADP versus ADDWR and ADDWR versus ADDWoR was respectively AUC (NADP-ADDWR)=0.73, and AUC (ADDWR-ADDWoR)=0.69. Conclusions:CV, CSA, SJS, and MJS were significantly associated with the different disc displacement status, and the condyle in TMJ ADD exhibited three-dimensionally altered dimensions. They could be considered as promising biometric markers to diagnose the ADD status.